Энергосбережение в ректификации с использованием комплексов со связанными потоками

The current state of distillation technologies based on the use of complexes with fully and partially bound threads is described. Data on the energy efficiency of complexes are presented.Представлен обзор современного состояния технологий ректификации основанных на применении комплексов с полностью и частично связанными потоками. Приведены данные по энергоэффективности комплексов

Direct search methods for the fast optimisation of batch distillation processes

Batch distillation can be conveniently modelled by professional flow-sheet simulators. Optimisation can be performed by coupling an external optimiser to the simulator. The most frequently used method is the genetic algorithm (GA), which, however, requires a high number of simulations to evaluate the objective function. Two direct search methods, the Nelder-Mead simplex and the Box-complex algorithms are applied to reduce the computational intensity of optimisation. Calculations are performed for a case study from the literature where the profit of the regeneration of a multicomponent azeotropic waste solvent mixture was maximised by a GA. The influence of the parameters of the optimisation methods is investigated for each method. The highest profit is reached by the simplex algorithm. Both the simplex and complex algorithms generally outperform GA with a much lower number of simulations. Therefore, direct search methods can be used for fast and efficient optimisation of batch distillation processes

Behavioural Demand Response for Future Smart Homes: Investigation of Demand Response Strategies for Future Smart Homes that Account for Consumer Comfort, Behaviour and Cybersecurity

Smart metering and precise measurement of energy consumption levels have brought more detailed information and interest on the actual load profile of a house which continues to improve consumer-retailer relationships. Participation in demand response (DR) programs is one of these relationships but studies have shown that there are considerable impacts resulting to some level of discomfort on consumers as they aim to follow a suggested load profile. This research therefore investigates the impact on consumers while participating in DR programs by evaluating various perspectives that includes: Modelling the causes discomfort during participation in DR programs; Evaluation of user participation capabilities in DR programs; Identification of schedulable and non-schedulable loads and opportunities; Application of load scheduling mechanism which caters for specific user concerns. Investigation towards ensuring a secure and robust system design. The key source of information that enhances this work is obtained from data on historical user behavior which can be stored within a smart controller installed in the home and optimised using genetic algorithm implemented on MATLAB. Results show that user participation in DR programs can be improved and effectively managed if the challenges facing home owners are adequately understood. This is the key contribution of this work whereby load schedules created are specifically tailored to meet the need of the users hence minimizing the impact of discomfort experienced due to participation in DR programs. Finally as part of the test for robustness of the system design in order to prevent or minimize the impact of any event of a successful cyber-attack on the load or price profiles, this work includes means to managing any such attacks thereby mitigating the impact of such attacks on users who participate in demand response programs. Solutions to these attacks are also proffered with the aim of increasing robustness of the grid by being sufficiently proactive