INFLUÊNCIA DA CONFIGURAÇÃO TOPOGRÁFICA NA OCORRÊNCIA DE ALAGAMENTOS NO MUNICÍPIO DE MARINGÁ, PARANÁ

Os desastres ambientais causados por alagamentos geram prejuízos ambientais e socioeconômicos nas áreas urbanas. A configuração topográfica da região tem influência no escoamento ou no acúmulo de águas. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo foi gerar a carta de hipsometria do município de Maringá, Paraná e verificar se há influência da sua configuração topográfica na ocorrência de alagamentos. Para tanto, foram adquiridos, junto ao Corpo de Bombeiros de Maringá, os dados sobre as ocorrências de alagamentos na cidade. Com imagens de satélite disponíveis no site USGS e o programa computacional ArcGIS 10, foram gerados os mapas de ocupação do solo e de elevação do terreno de Maringá, sobre os quais foram sobrepostos os pontos de alagamentos. Foram escolhidas três áreas de estudos para as quais foram traçadas as sub-bacias hidrográficas. Na sub-bacia 1, observou-se que os pontos de alagamento encontraram-se na porção central da sub-bacia; na sub-bacia 2, os pontos mostraram-se concentrados na cabeceira da bacia; e na sub-bacia 3, os pontos localizaram-se na região central. Após análise da carta hipsométrica, verificou-se que os alagamentos em Maringá ocorrem independentemente da posição topográfica, contrariando a hipótese de trabalho de que os alagamentos ocorreriam nos pontos mais baixos da topografia

A shortage risk mitigation model for multi-agency coordination in logistics planning

We introduce a two-stage stochastic program to handle typical disaster preparedness activities under uncertainty from a multi-agency perspective. The model explicitly takes into account the number of people without healthcare attention, relief aid, and shelter support. We build a function that represents the total number of people at risk of not receiving proper humanitarian assistance using a bi-objective approach in which expected logistics costs are also minimized. The benefit of our approach is assessed through real flood cases in Mexico in which GIS analysis was used to enhance data gathering and to provide risk maps that could be potentially used by policy-makers in practical settings. The overall results suggest that sheltering decisions have to be closely coordinated with the management of material and human resources to avoid an increased number of people deprived of attention and relief aid. The Pareto Frontier also reveals that some solutions exhibit a quite interesting trade-off, e.g., it is possible to improve the overall relief assistance by almost 17% at the expense of less than 14% in the logistics costs

OR models in urban service facility location : a critical review of applications and future developments

[EN] Facility location models are well established in various application areas with more than a century of history in academia. Since the 1970s the trend has been shifting from manufacturing to service industries. Due to their nature, service industries are frequently located in or near urban areas that results in additional assumptions, objectives and constraints other than those in more traditional manufacturing location models. This survey focuses on the location of service facilities in urban areas. We studied 110 research papers across different journals and disciplines. We have analyzed these papers on two levels. On the first, we take an Operations Research perspective to investigate the papers in terms of types of decisions, location space, main assumptions, input parameters, objective functions and constraints. On the second level, we compare and contrast the papers in each of these applications categories: (a) Waste management systems (WMS), (b) Large-scale disaster (LSD), (c) Small-scale emergency (SSE), (d) General service and infrastructure (GSI), (e) Non-emergency healthcare systems (NEH) and (f) Transportation systems and their infrastructure (TSI). Each of these categories is critically analyzed in terms of application, assumptions, decision variables, input parameters, constraints, objective functions and solution techniques. Gaps, research opportunities and trends are identified within each category. Finally, some general lessons learned based on the practicality of the models is synthesized to suggest avenues of future research.Ruben Ruiz is partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, under the project "SCHEYARD - Optimization of Scheduling Problems in Container Yards (No. DPI2015-65895-R) financed by FEDER funds.Farahani, RZ.; Fallah, S.; Ruiz García, R.; Hosseini, S.; Asgari, N. (2019). OR Models in Urban Service Facility Location: A Critical Review of Applications and Future Developments. European Journal of Operational Research. 276(1):1-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2018.07.036S127276