Video Streaming to Empowered Video Walls

Video walls are useful to display large size video content. Empowered video walls combine display functionality with computing power. Such video walls can display large scientific visualizations. If they can also display high-resolution video streamed over a network, they could enable distance collaboration over scientific data.We proposed several methods of network streaming of highresolution video content to a major type of empowered video walls, which is the SAGE2 system. For all methods, we evaluated their performance and discussed their scalability and properties. The results should be applicable to other web-based empowered video walls as well

Multi-user media streaming service for e-learning based web real-time communication technology

Web real-time communication (WebRTC) standards do not define precisely how two browsers establish and control their communication. Therefore, a signalling mechanism/protocol has not specified in WebRTC. The essential goal of this research is to create and apply a WebRTC bi-directional video conferencing based on mesh topology (many-to-many) using Google Chrome, Firefox, Opera, and Explorer. This experiment involved through Ethernet and Wireless of the Internet and 4G networks in e-learning. The signalling mechanism of this experiment has been created and implemented using JavaScript language along with MultiConnection libraries. In addition, an evaluation of quality of experience (QoE), resources, such as bandwidth consumption, and CPU performance was done. In this paper, a novel implementation was accomplished over e-learning using different networks, different browsers, many peers, opening one or many rooms concurrently, defining room initiator, sharing the information of the new user with participants, using user identification (user-id), and so on. Moreover, the paper also highlights the advantages and disadvantages of using WebRTC video conferencing

Genet: A Quickly Scalable Fat-Tree Overlay for Personal Volunteer Computing using WebRTC

WebRTC enables browsers to exchange data directly but the number of possible concurrent connections to a single source is limited. We overcome the limitation by organizing participants in a fat-tree overlay: when the maximum number of connections of a tree node is reached, the new participants connect to the node's children. Our design quickly scales when a large number of participants join in a short amount of time, by relying on a novel scheme that only requires local information to route connection messages: the destination is derived from the hash value of the combined identifiers of the message's source and of the node that is holding the message. The scheme provides deterministic routing of a sequence of connection messages from a single source and probabilistic balancing of newer connections among the leaves. We show that this design puts at least 83% of nodes at the same depth as a deterministic algorithm, can connect a thousand browser windows in 21-55 seconds in a local network, and can be deployed for volunteer computing to tap into 320 cores in less than 30 seconds on a local network to increase the total throughput on the Collatz application by two orders of magnitude compared to a single core

Health-5G: A Mixed Reality-Based System for Remote Medical Assistance in Emergency Situations

Mixed reality is the combination of virtual and augmented reality to interactively and believably merge physical and computer-generated environments. This paper discusses the design of Health5G, a scalable mixed reality-based system that facilitates and supports emergency response by medical emergency teams. Health-5G is supported by a distributed architecture divided into four interrelated applications responsible for advanced computer-human interaction, effective real-time videoconference, medical device integration, and communication infrastructure, respectively. The mixed reality layer is provided by the headset Microsoft Hololens 2™. Health-5G is based on scenarios in which emergency personnel wear mixed reality glasses that can transmit audio, video, and data streams bidirectionally over a 5G network to medical specialists stationed in a hospital at any distance. Thanks to Health-5G, the specialist will be able to access the emergency team’s point of view at any time and provide verbal and visual instructions, including gestures and positioning of graphical markers in 3D space. In this way, emergency personnel can provide the best possible care to the patient without having to wait for them to arrive at the hospital, saving a lot of time in scenarios where every second can make a difference. Health-5G also addresses the integration of medical devices and the collection of the patient’s medical data in a scalable way through optical character recognition. A case study is discussed where Health-5G is used to attend a patient in the street suffering from syncope due to third-degree atrioventricular block. Latency and performance tests over a 5G network are also discussed. To the best of our knowledge, there is no comprehensive solution in the literature that provides all the capabilities offered by Health-5G in terms of functionality and advanced interaction mechanisms within the context of remote, immersive support in emergency situations

Design and implement a new mechanism for audio, video and screen recording based on WebRTC technology

Many years ago, Flash was essential in browsers to interact with the user media devices, such as a microphone and camera. Today, Web Real-Time Communication (WebRTC) technology has come to substitute the flash, so browsers do not need the flash to access media devices or establish their communication. However, WebRTC standards do not express precisely how browsers can record audios, videos or screen instead of describing getUserMedia API that enables a browser to access microphone and camera. The prime objective of this research is to create a new WebRTC recording mechanism to record audios, videos, and screen using Google Chrome, Firefox, and Opera. This experiment applied through Ethernet and Wireless of the Internet and 4G networks. Also, the recording mechanism of this research was obtained based on JavaScript Library for audio, video, screen (2D and 3D animation) recording. Besides, different audio and video codecs in Chrome, Firefox and Opera were utilised, such as VP8, VP9, and H264 for video, and Opus codec for audio. Not only but also, various bitrates (100 bytes bps, 1 Kbps, 100 Kbps, 1 MB bps, and 1 GB bps), different resolutions (1080p, 720p, 480p, and HD (3840* 2160)), and various frame-rates (fps) 5, 15, 24, 30 and 60 were considered and tested. Besides, an evaluation of recording mechanism, Quality of Experience (QoE) through actual users, resources, such as CPU performance was also done. In this paper, a novel implementation was accomplished over different networks, different browsers, various audio and video codecs, many peers, opening one or multi browsers at the same time, keep the streaming active as much as the user needs, save the record, using only audio and/or video recording as conferencing with full screen, etc

System Integration for Medical Data Dissemination and Multimedia Communication in the Implementation of Tele-ECG and Teleconsultation

One of the options to extend medical services coverage is deploying a telemedicine system, where medical personnel make use of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) to overcome distance and time constraints. The implementation of telemedicine systems in Indonesia faces challenges posed by the lack of ICT infrastructure availability, such as communication networks, data centres, and other computing resources. To deal with these challenges, a telemedicine innovation needs to produce a modular and flexible system that is adaptive to medical services needed and the available ICT infrastructure. This paper presents research and development of a telemedicine system prototype for tele-electrocardiography (tele-ECG) and teleconsultation. The contributions offered are integrating system from various open-source modules and the system operational feasibility based on its function and performance. The research is conducted on a testbed which represents various components involved in the telemedicine system operation. Experiments are carried out to assess the system functionality and observe whether tele-ECG and teleconsultation reach their expected performance. Experiment results show that the system works properly and recommend several multimedia communication modes to achieve the target quality based on the available network bandwidth

Edgar: Offloading Function Execution to the Ultimate Edge: Technical Report

Web applications are on the rise and rapidly evolve into mature replacements for their native counterparts. This trend is mainly driven by the attainment of platform-independence and instant deployability. While web applications are getting more and more complex, scalability and responsiveness remain key challenges that are addressed by rather costly approaches such as cloud computing. In this paper, we present Edgar, a novel middleware for web applications that enables client-side execution of code usually requiring server-side deployment due to missing trust in clients. Following the paradigm of Function-as-a-Service, applications consist of functions that can be distributed to browsers. Other nearby browsers can discover these functions and then directly invoke them on a peer-to-peer basis. Thus, client-side resources are used to provision the web application, which generates lower costs for service providers. Offering premium services such as liberation from ads can be used to incentivise users to provide their resources. In case of resource shortage or unresponsive clients, execution falls back to a cloud-based infrastructure. Edgar combines WebAssembly for executing workloads written in different languages at near-native speed, WebRTC for browser-to-browser communication and Intel SGX to establish trust in other browser’s computations.We evaluate Edgar by implementing a digital assistant as well as a recommendation system. Our evaluation shows that Edgar generates lower costs than traditional deployments, scales linearly with increasing client numbers and manages unresponsive clients well

Peer-to-Peer File Sharing WebApp: Enhancing Data Security and Privacy through Peer-to-Peer File Transfer in a Web Application

Peer-to-peer (P2P) networking has emerged as a promising technology that enables distributed systems to operate in a decentralized manner. P2P networks are based on a model where each node in the network can act as both a client and a server, thereby enabling data and resource sharing without relying on centralized servers. The P2P model has gained considerable attention in recent years due to its potential to provide a scalable, fault-tolerant, and resilient architecture for various applications such as file sharing, content distribution, and social networks.In recent years, researchers have also proposed hybrid architectures that combine the benefits of both structured and unstructured P2P networks. For example, the Distributed Hash Table (DHT) is a popular hybrid architecture that provides efficient lookup and search algorithms while maintaining the flexibility and adaptability of the unstructured network.To demonstrate the feasibility of P2P systems, several prototypes have been developed, such as the BitTorrent file-sharing protocol and the Skype voice-over-IP (VoIP) service. These prototypes have demonstrated the potential of P2P systems for large-scale applications and have paved the way for the development of new P2P-based systems