Rapid analysis & design methodologies of High-Frequency LCLC Resonant Inverter as Electrodeless Fluorescent Lamp Ballast

The papers presents methodologies for the analysis of 4th-order LCLC resonant power converters operating at 2.63 MHz as fluorescent lamp ballasts, where high frequency operation facilitates capacitive discharge into the tube, with near resonance operation at high load quality factor enabling high efficiency. State-variable dynamic descriptions of the converter are employed to rapidly determine the steady-state cyclic behaviour of the ballast during nominal operation. Simulation and experimental measurements from a prototype ballast circuit driving a 60 cm, 8W T5 fluorescent lamp are also included

Characterization of Acoustic Resonance in a High Pressure Sodium Lamp

With the last decades, the high pressure sodium (HPS) lamp has been supplied in high frequency in order to increase the efficacy of the lamp/ballast system. However, at some given frequencies, standing acoustic waves, namely acoustic resonance (AR), might develop in the burner and cause lamp luminous fluctuation, extinction and destruction in the most serious case. As we seek for a control method to detect and avoid the lamp AR some main characteristics of the acoustic resonances in a 150W HPS lamp are presented in this paper,. The first one is the characteristic of the lamp AR threshold power, the second one is the differences between forward and backward frequency scanning effects during lamp open loop operation. Thirdly, lamp AR behaviour in closed loop operation with an LCC half bridge inverter will be presented and leads to a new point of view and a change in the choice of the AR detection method. These characteristics allow us to further understand the AR and to better control the lamp

Forming of characteristic curve of high pressure sodium lamp by electronic ballast

Проаналізовано чотири варіанти формування характеристичної кривої натрієвої лампи високого тиску високочастотним електронним пускорегулювальним апаратом упродовж усього терміну її служби. Варіанти відрізняються розташуванням та значеннями максимальних додатних та від’ємних відхилень потужності відносно номінальної потужності лампи. Формування таких кривих базується на властивостях коливального контуру резонансного інвертора напруги. Запропоновано варіант характеристичної кривої, використання якої зменшить інтенсивність деградації лампи та дасть змогу забезпечити регламентований термін її служби.The problems of reducing the influence of high pressure sodium (HPS) lamp resistance variations during the lamp aging on lamp power taking advantage of electronic ballast with open-loop structure is considered. The four variants of characteristic curves forming as a «power-voltage» dependences for HPS lamp with electronic ballast are analyzed. The curves differ from each other in locations and values of positive and negative power deviations from the nominal lamp power. These characteristic curves are the following: 1) the curve with start lamp power equal to a nominal lamp power and specified power positive deviation from the nominal power; 2) the curve with start and finish powers, which are equal to the nominal lamp power; 3) the curve with start power negative deviation and equal to its maximum power positive deviation from the nominal power and finish power equal to the nominal lamp power; 4) the curve with equal start and finish power negative deviations and equal to the maximum power positive deviation from the nominal power. The forming of such curves is based on the properties of parametric power maintenance by the resonant voltage inverter operating at frequency a little higher than its resonant frequency. The resonant inverter in the power source mode as an output stage of electronic ballast is analyzed. In this mode the resonant inverter maintains the power delivered to the lamp in the limits of «power-voltage» admissible values. This analysis deals with the determination of analytical expressions, which describe the interrelations between start, nominal, maximum, finish lamp powers and corresponding values of resonant tank quality factor. On the basis of these expressions the equations for power relative deviation and parameters of resonant inverter are obtained. As the result of analysis it was found that the second characteristic curve provides the minimum lamp power positive deviation from its nominal power. The third characteristic curve decreases the lamp degradation intensity and makes possible to increase the lamp lifetime. The fourth characteristic curve provides with equal minimum power negative and positive deviations from the nominal power and can be used in some applications of resonant inverter as a power source

Evaluation of Losses in HID Electronic Ballast Using Silicon Carbide MOSFETs

HID lamps are used in applications where high luminous intensity is desired. They are used in a wide range of applications from gymnasiums to movie theatres, from parking lots to indoor aquaria, from vehicle headlights to indoor gardening. They require ballasts during start-up and also during operation to regulate the voltage and current levels. Electronic ballasts have advantages of less weight, smooth operation, and less noisy over electromagnetic ballasts. A number of topologies are available for the electronic ballast where control of power electronic devices is exploited to achieve the performance of a ballast for lighting. A typical electronic ballast consists of a rectifier, power factor control unit, and the resonant converter unit. Power factor correction (PFC) was achieved using a boost converter topology and average current mode control for gate control of the boost MOSFET operating at a frequency of 70 kHz. The PFC was tested with Si and SiC MOSFET at 250 W resistive load for varying input from 90 V to 264 V. An efficiency as high as 97.4% was achieved by Si MOSFET based PFC unit. However, for SiC MOSFET, the efficiency decreased and was lower than expected. A maximum efficiency of 97.2% was achieved with the SiC based PFC. A simulation model was developed for both Si and SiC MOSFET based ballasts. The efficiency plots are presented. A faster gate drive for SiC MOSFET could improve the efficiency of the SiC based systems

A Dimmable Resonant Inverter Electronic Ballast with Unity Power Factor

The conventional line-frequency magnetic ballast is heavy and bulky, which is too kept inside the compact fluorescent lamp (CFL). The paper describes about single stage dimmable electronic ballast with very high power factor and its high efficiency. A compact lamp power circuit is designed by using integrating a buck boost power factor corrector with a current-fed resonant inverter. Then the integration process gives a single power-processing unit that minimizes the number of circuit components. In this paper the proposed resonant inverter will reduces the circulating current in the resonant tank. It also allows simple gate drivers to be used so that isolation devices can be eliminated. The design, analysis and simulation were done using MATLAB SIMULINK. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.150511

DESIGN OF ELECTRONIC BALLAST OF ONE BALLAST-TWO LAMP SYSTEM USING RAPID START TECHNIQUE

This project is about designing electronic ballast of one ballast–two lamp system using rapid start technique. Rapid start technique will start lamps quickly without flicker by heating the lamps electrodes and simultaneously applying the starting voltage. Rapid start technique is chosen because it provides a low starting voltage about 3.5 volts to the electrodes for one second before lamp ignition. The proposed circuit design consists of full bridge rectifier and boost converter, as a power factor correction (PFC) stage, integrate with a resonant half bridge inverter, used as lamp power control stage. Two lamps connection in parallel will be used as load to verify the objective. All the development of designing electronic ballast using one ballast–two lamp system with rapid start technique and the simulation will be through Multisim. This project is aim to design and improve the electronic ballast based on initial voltage and initial current. It is found that the current to the load is lower when two lamps are used