Middleware Technologies for Cloud of Things - a survey

The next wave of communication and applications rely on the new services provided by Internet of Things which is becoming an important aspect in human and machines future. The IoT services are a key solution for providing smart environments in homes, buildings and cities. In the era of a massive number of connected things and objects with a high grow rate, several challenges have been raised such as management, aggregation and storage for big produced data. In order to tackle some of these issues, cloud computing emerged to IoT as Cloud of Things (CoT) which provides virtually unlimited cloud services to enhance the large scale IoT platforms. There are several factors to be considered in design and implementation of a CoT platform. One of the most important and challenging problems is the heterogeneity of different objects. This problem can be addressed by deploying suitable "Middleware". Middleware sits between things and applications that make a reliable platform for communication among things with different interfaces, operating systems, and architectures. The main aim of this paper is to study the middleware technologies for CoT. Toward this end, we first present the main features and characteristics of middlewares. Next we study different architecture styles and service domains. Then we presents several middlewares that are suitable for CoT based platforms and lastly a list of current challenges and issues in design of CoT based middlewares is discussed.Comment: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352864817301268, Digital Communications and Networks, Elsevier (2017

Middleware Technologies for Cloud of Things - a survey

The next wave of communication and applications rely on the new services provided by Internet of Things which is becoming an important aspect in human and machines future. The IoT services are a key solution for providing smart environments in homes, buildings and cities. In the era of a massive number of connected things and objects with a high grow rate, several challenges have been raised such as management, aggregation and storage for big produced data. In order to tackle some of these issues, cloud computing emerged to IoT as Cloud of Things (CoT) which provides virtually unlimited cloud services to enhance the large scale IoT platforms. There are several factors to be considered in design and implementation of a CoT platform. One of the most important and challenging problems is the heterogeneity of different objects. This problem can be addressed by deploying suitable "Middleware". Middleware sits between things and applications that make a reliable platform for communication among things with different interfaces, operating systems, and architectures. The main aim of this paper is to study the middleware technologies for CoT. Toward this end, we first present the main features and characteristics of middlewares. Next we study different architecture styles and service domains. Then we presents several middlewares that are suitable for CoT based platforms and lastly a list of current challenges and issues in design of CoT based middlewares is discussed.Comment: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352864817301268, Digital Communications and Networks, Elsevier (2017

Integrating complex event processing and machine learning: An intelligent architecture for detecting IoT security attacks

The Internet of Things (IoT) is growing globally at a fast pace: people now find themselves surrounded by a variety of IoT devices such as smartphones and wearables in their everyday lives. Additionally, smart environments, such as smart healthcare systems, smart industries and smart cities, benefit from sensors and actuators interconnected through the IoT. However, the increase in IoT devices has brought with it the challenge of promptly detecting and combating the cybersecurity attacks and threats that target them, including malware, privacy breaches and denial of service attacks, among others. To tackle this challenge, this paper proposes an intelligent architecture that integrates Complex Event Processing (CEP) technology and the Machine Learning (ML) paradigm in order to detect different types of IoT security attacks in real time. In particular, such an architecture is capable of easily managing event patterns whose conditions depend on values obtained by ML algorithms. Additionally, a model-driven graphical tool for security attack pattern definition and automatic code generation is provided, hiding all the complexity derived from implementation details from domain experts. The proposed architecture has been applied in the case of a healthcare IoT network to validate its ability to detect attacks made by malicious devices. The results obtained demonstrate that this architecture satisfactorily fulfils its objectives.El Internet de las Cosas (IoT) está creciendo a nivel global a un ritmo acelerado: las personas ahora se encuentran rodeadas de una variedad de dispositivos IoT como smartphones y wearables en su vida cotidiana. Además, los entornos inteligentes, como los sistemas de atención médica inteligentes, las industrias inteligentes y las ciudades inteligentes, se benefician de sensores y actuadores interconectados a través del IoT. Sin embargo, el aumento de los dispositivos IoT ha traído consigo el desafío de detectar y combatir rápidamente los ataques y amenazas de ciberseguridad que los tienen como objetivo, incluyendo malware, violaciones de privacidad y ataques de denegación de servicio, entre otros. Para abordar este desafío, este documento propone una arquitectura inteligente que integra la tecnología de Procesamiento de Eventos Complejos (CEP) y el paradigma de Aprendizaje Automático (ML) con el fin de detectar diferentes tipos de ataques de seguridad en IoT en tiempo real. En particular, dicha arquitectura es capaz de gestionar fácilmente patrones de eventos cuyas condiciones dependen de los valores obtenidos por los algoritmos de ML. Además, se proporciona una herramienta gráfica impulsada por modelos para la definición de patrones de ataque de seguridad y la generación automática de código, ocultando toda la complejidad derivada de los detalles de implementación a los expertos del dominio. La arquitectura propuesta ha sido aplicada en el caso de una red de IoT de atención médica para validar su capacidad para detectar ataques realizados por dispositivos maliciosos. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que esta arquitectura cumple satisfactoriamente sus objetivos.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and the European Union FEDER Funds [grant numbers FPU 17/02007, RTI2018-093608-B-C33, RTI2018- 098156-B-C52 and RED2018-102654-T]. This work was also sup- ported by the JCCM [grant number SB-PLY/17/180501/ 0 0 0353

Safe Intelligent Driver Assistance System in V2X Communication Environments based on IoT

In the modern world, power and speed of cars have increased steadily, as traffic continued to increase. At the same time highway-related fatalities and injuries due to road incidents are constantly growing and safety problems come first. Therefore, the development of Driver Assistance Systems (DAS) has become a major issue. Numerous innovations, systems and technologies have been developed in order to improve road transportation and safety. Modern computer vision algorithms enable cars to understand the road environment with low miss rates. A number of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs), Vehicle Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) have been applied in the different cities over the world. Recently, a new global paradigm, known as the Internet of Things (IoT) brings new idea to update the existing solutions. Vehicle-to-Infrastructure communication based on IoT technologies would be a next step in intelligent transportation for the future Internet-of-Vehicles (IoV). The overall purpose of this research was to come up with a scalable IoT solution for driver assistance, which allows to combine safety relevant information for a driver from different types of in-vehicle sensors, in-vehicle DAS, vehicle networks and driver`s gadgets. This study brushed up on the evolution and state-of-the-art of Vehicle Systems. Existing ITSs, VANETs and DASs were evaluated in the research. The study proposed a design approach for the future development of transport systems applying IoT paradigm to the transport safety applications in order to enable driver assistance become part of Internet of Vehicles (IoV). The research proposed the architecture of the Safe Intelligent DAS (SiDAS) based on IoT V2X communications in order to combine different types of data from different available devices and vehicle systems. The research proposed IoT ARM structure for SiDAS, data flow diagrams, protocols. The study proposes several IoT system structures for the vehicle-pedestrian and vehicle-vehicle collision prediction as case studies for the flexible SiDAS framework architecture. The research has demonstrated the significant increase in driver situation awareness by using IoT SiDAS, especially in NLOS conditions. Moreover, the time analysis, taking into account IoT, Cloud, LTE and DSRS latency, has been provided for different collision scenarios, in order to evaluate the overall system latency and ensure applicability for real-time driver emergency notification. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed SiDAS improves traffic safety

Design and formal model of an event-driven and service-oriented architecture for the Mobile Tourist Information System TIP

This thesis introduces a new collaboration framework for context-aware services in a mobile environment enabling services to co-operate with several anonymous co-operation partners. We extend the current TIP design and architecture so that new services may easily be added to and co-operate with existing ones. Obsolete services may be replaced by new ones providing the same functionality. Services are de-coupled. Service co-operation is completely changed. This means that services react to the events they receive, irrespective of the events publishers. We also show how service-oriented and event-driven architectures may be combined maintaining their respective advantages. We introduce features of serviceoriented architectures to services co-operating via an eventbased middleware. We describe the formal model of a new system for mobile tourist information and the newly introduced features of the collaboration framework. Those features fundamentally change the way services communicate and cooperate