57 research outputs found
Topology of random clique complexes
In a seminal paper, Erdos and Renyi identified the threshold for connectivity
of the random graph G(n,p). In particular, they showed that if p >> log(n)/n
then G(n,p) is almost always connected, and if p << log(n)/n then G(n,p) is
almost always disconnected, as n goes to infinity.
The clique complex X(H) of a graph H is the simplicial complex with all
complete subgraphs of H as its faces. In contrast to the zeroth homology group
of X(H), which measures the number of connected components of H, the higher
dimensional homology groups of X(H) do not correspond to monotone graph
properties. There are nevertheless higher dimensional analogues of the
Erdos-Renyi Theorem.
We study here the higher homology groups of X(G(n,p)). For k > 0 we show the
following. If p = n^alpha, with alpha - 1/(2k+1), then the
kth homology group of X(G(n,p)) is almost always vanishing, and if -1/k < alpha
< -1/(k+1), then it is almost always nonvanishing.
We also give estimates for the expected rank of homology, and exhibit
explicit nontrivial classes in the nonvanishing regime. These estimates suggest
that almost all d-dimensional clique complexes have only one nonvanishing
dimension of homology, and we cannot rule out the possibility that they are
homotopy equivalent to wedges of spheres.Comment: 23 pages; final version, to appear in Discrete Mathematics. At
suggestion of anonymous referee, a section briefly summarizing the
topological prerequisites has been added to make the article accessible to a
wider audienc
Sufficient conditions for log-concave conjecture on all-terminal reliability polynomial of a network
Consider a graph G that is simple, undirected, and connected, and has n vertices and m edges, and let Ni(G) denote the number of connected spanning i-edge-subgraphs in a graph G for an integer i(nļ¼1ā iā m). For a graph G and all integers i ās (nā iā mļ¼1), it is wellknown that the problem of computing all Ni(G) ās is #P-complete (see e.g., [3, 7, 14, 31]), and that log-concave conjecture (see e.g., [3, 14, 37]), that is, Ni(G)2ā Niļ¼1(G)Niļ¼1(G) holds, is still open. In this paper, by introducing new methods of partitioning Ni into a sequence of part integers, and by investigating properties of the sequence, we propose sufficient conditions to ensure the validity of log-concavity of sequence Nnļ¼1(G), Nn(G)ā¦, Nm(G)
Renormalization: an advanced overview
We present several approaches to renormalization in QFT: the multi-scale
analysis in perturbative renormalization, the functional methods \`a la
Wetterich equation, and the loop-vertex expansion in non-perturbative
renormalization. While each of these is quite well-established, they go beyond
standard QFT textbook material, and may be little-known to specialists of each
other approach. This review is aimed at bridging this gap.Comment: Review, 130 pages, 33 figures; v2: misprints corrected, refs. added,
minor improvements; v3: some changes to sect. 5, refs. adde
Fast Evaluation of Interlace Polynomials on Graphs of Bounded Treewidth
We consider the multivariate interlace polynomial introduced by Courcelle
(2008), which generalizes several interlace polynomials defined by Arratia,
Bollobas, and Sorkin (2004) and by Aigner and van der Holst (2004). We present
an algorithm to evaluate the multivariate interlace polynomial of a graph with
n vertices given a tree decomposition of the graph of width k. The best
previously known result (Courcelle 2008) employs a general logical framework
and leads to an algorithm with running time f(k)*n, where f(k) is doubly
exponential in k. Analyzing the GF(2)-rank of adjacency matrices in the context
of tree decompositions, we give a faster and more direct algorithm. Our
algorithm uses 2^{3k^2+O(k)}*n arithmetic operations and can be efficiently
implemented in parallel.Comment: v4: Minor error in Lemma 5.5 fixed, Section 6.6 added, minor
improvements. 44 pages, 14 figure
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Genus Distributions of Graphs Constructed Through Amalgamations
Graphs are commonly represented as points in space connected by lines. The points in space are the vertices of the graph, and the lines joining them are the edges of the graph. A general definition of a graph is considered here, where multiple edges are allowed between two vertices and an edge is permitted to connect a vertex to itself. It is assumed that graphs are connected, i.e., any vertex in the graph is reachable from another distinct vertex either directly through an edge connecting them or by a path consisting of intermediate vertices and connecting edges. Under this visual representation, graphs can be drawn on various surfaces. The focus of my research is restricted to a class of surfaces that are characterized as compact connected orientable 2-manifolds. The drawings of graphs on surfaces that are of primary interest follow certain prescribed rules. These are called 2-cellular graph embeddings, or simply embeddings. A well-known closed formula makes it easy to enumerate the total number of 2-cellular embeddings for a given graph over all surfaces. A much harder task is to give a surface-wise breakdown of this number as a sequence of numbers that count the number of 2-cellular embeddings of a graph for each orientable surface. This sequence of numbers for a graph is known as the genus distribution of a graph. Prior research on genus distributions of graphs has primarily focused on making calculations of genus distributions for specific families of graphs. These families of graphs have often been contrived, and the methods used for finding their genus distributions have not been general enough to extend to other graph families. The research I have undertaken aims at developing and using a general method that frames the problem of calculating genus distributions of large graphs in terms of a partitioning of the genus distributions of smaller graphs. To this end, I use various operations such as edge-amalgamation, self-edge-amalgamation, and vertex-amalgamation to construct large graphs out of smaller graphs, by coupling their vertices and edges together in certain consistent ways. This method assumes that the partitioned genus distribution of the smaller graphs is known or is easily calculable by computer, for instance, by using the famous Heffter-Edmonds algorithm. As an outcome of the techniques used, I obtain general recurrences and closed-formulas that give genus distributions for infinitely many recursively specifiable graph families. I also give an easily understood method for finding non-trivial examples of distinct graphs having the same genus distribution. In addition to this, I describe an algorithm that computes the genus distributions for a family of graphs known as the 4-regular outerplanar graphs
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Combinatorics
Combinatorics is a fundamental mathematical discipline which focuses on the study of discrete objects and their properties. The current workshop brought together researchers from diverse fields such as Extremal and Probabilistic Combinatorics, Discrete Geometry, Graph theory, Combinatorial Optimization and Algebraic Combinatorics for a fruitful interaction. New results, methods and developments and future challenges were discussed. This is a report on the meeting containing abstracts of the presentations and a summary of the problem session
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