67 research outputs found
Relational Research between China’s Marine S&T and Economy Based on RPGRA Model
To make up the defect of the existing model, an improved grey relational model based on radian perspective (RPGRA) is put forward. According to the similarity of the relative change trend of time series translating traditional grey relational degree into radian algorithm within different piecewise functions, it greatly improves the accuracy and validity of the research results by making full use of the poor information in time series. Meanwhile, the properties of the RPGRA were discussed. The relationship between China’s marine S&T and marine economy is researched using the new model, so the validity and creditability of RPGRA are illustrated. The empirical results show that marine scientific and technological research projects, marine scientific and technological patents granted, and research funds receipts of the marine scientific research institutions have greater relationship with GOP, which indicates that they have more impact on China’s marine economy
Biomedical applications of belief networks
Biomedicine is an area in which computers have long been expected to play a significant
role. Although many of the early claims have proved unrealistic, computers are gradually
becoming accepted in the biomedical, clinical and research environment. Within these
application areas, expert systems appear to have met with the most resistance, especially
when applied to image interpretation.In order to improve the acceptance of computerised decision support systems it is
necessary to provide the information needed to make rational judgements concerning
the inferences the system has made. This entails an explanation of what inferences
were made, how the inferences were made and how the results of the inference are to
be interpreted. Furthermore there must be a consistent approach to the combining of
information from low level computational processes through to high level expert analyses.nformation from low level computational processes through to high level expert analyses.
Until recently ad hoc formalisms were seen as the only tractable approach to reasoning
under uncertainty. A review of some of these formalisms suggests that they are less
than ideal for the purposes of decision making. Belief networks provide a tractable way
of utilising probability theory as an inference formalism by combining the theoretical
consistency of probability for inference and decision making, with the ability to use the
knowledge of domain experts.nowledge of domain experts.
The potential of belief networks in biomedical applications has already been recog¬
nised and there has been substantial research into the use of belief networks for medical
diagnosis and methods for handling large, interconnected networks. In this thesis the use
of belief networks is extended to include detailed image model matching to show how,
in principle, feature measurement can be undertaken in a fully probabilistic way. The
belief networks employed are usually cyclic and have strong influences between adjacent
nodes, so new techniques for probabilistic updating based on a model of the matching
process have been developed.An object-orientated inference shell called FLAPNet has been implemented and used
to apply the belief network formalism to two application domains. The first application is
model-based matching in fetal ultrasound images. The imaging modality and biological
variation in the subject make model matching a highly uncertain process. A dynamic,
deformable model, similar to active contour models, is used. A belief network combines
constraints derived from local evidence in the image, with global constraints derived from
trained models, to control the iterative refinement of an initial model cue.In the second application a belief network is used for the incremental aggregation of
evidence occurring during the classification of objects on a cervical smear slide as part of
an automated pre-screening system. A belief network provides both an explicit domain
model and a mechanism for the incremental aggregation of evidence, two attributes
important in pre-screening systems.Overall it is argued that belief networks combine the necessary quantitative features
required of a decision support system with desirable qualitative features that will lead
to improved acceptability of expert systems in the biomedical domain
Fuzzy expert systems in civil engineering
Imperial Users onl
Collected Papers (on Neutrosophics, Plithogenics, Hypersoft Set, Hypergraphs, and other topics), Volume X
This tenth volume of Collected Papers includes 86 papers in English and Spanish languages comprising 972 pages, written between 2014-2022 by the author alone or in collaboration with the following 105 co-authors (alphabetically ordered) from 26 countries: Abu Sufian, Ali Hassan, Ali Safaa Sadiq, Anirudha Ghosh, Assia Bakali, Atiqe Ur Rahman, Laura Bogdan, Willem K.M. Brauers, Erick González Caballero, Fausto Cavallaro, Gavrilă Calefariu, T. Chalapathi, Victor Christianto, Mihaela Colhon, Sergiu Boris Cononovici, Mamoni Dhar, Irfan Deli, Rebeca Escobar-Jara, Alexandru Gal, N. Gandotra, Sudipta Gayen, Vassilis C. Gerogiannis, Noel Batista Hernández, Hongnian Yu, Hongbo Wang, Mihaiela Iliescu, F. Nirmala Irudayam, Sripati Jha, Darjan Karabašević, T. Katican, Bakhtawar Ali Khan, Hina Khan, Volodymyr Krasnoholovets, R. Kiran Kumar, Manoranjan Kumar Singh, Ranjan Kumar, M. Lathamaheswari, Yasar Mahmood, Nivetha Martin, Adrian Mărgean, Octavian Melinte, Mingcong Deng, Marcel Migdalovici, Monika Moga, Sana Moin, Mohamed Abdel-Basset, Mohamed Elhoseny, Rehab Mohamed, Mohamed Talea, Kalyan Mondal, Muhammad Aslam, Muhammad Aslam Malik, Muhammad Ihsan, Muhammad Naveed Jafar, Muhammad Rayees Ahmad, Muhammad Saeed, Muhammad Saqlain, Muhammad Shabir, Mujahid Abbas, Mumtaz Ali, Radu I. Munteanu, Ghulam Murtaza, Munazza Naz, Tahsin Oner, Gabrijela Popović, Surapati Pramanik, R. Priya, S.P. Priyadharshini, Midha Qayyum, Quang-Thinh Bui, Shazia Rana, Akbara Rezaei, Jesús Estupiñán Ricardo, Rıdvan Sahin, Saeeda Mirvakili, Said Broumi, A. A. Salama, Flavius Aurelian Sârbu, Ganeshsree Selvachandran, Javid Shabbir, Shio Gai Quek, Son Hoang Le, Florentin Smarandache, Dragiša Stanujkić, S. Sudha, Taha Yasin Ozturk, Zaigham Tahir, The Houw Iong, Ayse Topal, Alptekin Ulutaș, Maikel Yelandi Leyva Vázquez, Rizha Vitania, Luige Vlădăreanu, Victor Vlădăreanu, Ștefan Vlăduțescu, J. Vimala, Dan Valeriu Voinea, Adem Yolcu, Yongfei Feng, Abd El-Nasser H. Zaied, Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas.
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Development of Multiple Linear Regression Model and Rule Based Decision Support System to Improve Supply Chain Management of Road Construction Projects in Disaster Regions
Supply chain operations of construction industry including road projects in disaster regions
results in exceeding project budget and timelines. In road construction projects, supply chain with
poor performance can affect efficiency and completion time of the project. This is also the case of
the road projects in disaster areas. Disaster areas consider both natural and man-made
disasters. Few examples of disaster zones are; Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iraq, Sri Lanka, India,
Japan, Haiti and many other countries with similar environments. The key factors affecting
project performance and execution are insecurity, uncertainties in demand and supply, poor
communication and technology, poor infrastructure, lack of political and government will,
unmotivated organizational staff, restricted accessibility to construction materials, legal hitches,
multiple challenges of hiring labour force and exponential construction rates due to high risk
environment along with multiple other factors. The managers at all tiers are facing challenges of
overrunning time and budget of supply chain operations during planning as well as execution
phase of development projects.
The aim of research is to develop a Multiple Linear Regression Model (MLRM) and a Rule Based
Decision Support System by incorporating various factors affecting supply chain management of
road projects in disaster areas in the order of importance. This knowledge base (KB)
(importance / coefficient of each factor) will assist infrastructure managers (road projects) and
practitioners in disaster regions in decision making to minimize the effect of each factor which will
further help them in project improvement. Conduct of Literature Review in the fields of disaster
areas, supply chain operational environments of road project, statistical techniques, Artificial
Intelligence (AI) and types of research approaches has provided deep insights to the
researchers. An initial questionnaire was developed and distributed amongst participants as pilot
project and consequently results were analysed. The results’ analysis enabled the researcher to
extract key variables impacting supply chain performance of road project. The results of
questionnaire analysis will facilitate development of Multiple Linear Regression Model, which will
eventually be verified and validated with real data from actual environments. The development of
Multiple Linear Regression Model and Rule Based Decision Support System incorporating all
factors which affect supply chain performance of road projects in disastrous regions is the most
vital contribution to the research. The significance and novelty of this research is the
methodology developed that is the integration of those different methods which will be employed
to measure the SCM performance of road projects in disaster areas
A blackboard-based system for learning to identify images from feature data
A blackboard-based system which learns recognition rules for
objects from a set of training examples, and then identifies and locates
these objects in test images, is presented. The system is designed to use
data from a feature matcher developed at R.S.R.E. Malvern which finds the
best matches for a set of feature patterns in an image. The feature
patterns are selected to correspond to typical object parts which occur
with relatively consistent spatial relationships and are sufficient to
distinguish the objects to be identified from one another.
The learning element of the system develops two separate sets of
rules, one to identify possible object instances and the other to attach
probabilities to them. The search for possible object instances is
exhaustive; its scale is not great enough for pruning to be necessary.
Separate probabilities are established empirically for all combinations
of features which could represent object instances. As accurate
probabilities cannot be obtained from a set of preselected training
examples, they are updated by feedback from the recognition process.
The incorporation of rule induction and feedback into the blackboard
system is achieved by treating the induced rules as data to be held on a
secondary blackboard. The single recognition knowledge source
effectively contains empty rules which this data can be slotted into,
allowing it to be used to recognise any number of objects - there is no
need to develop a separate knowledge source for each object. Additional
object-specific background information to aid identification can be added
by the user in the form of background checks to be carried out on
candidate objects.
The system has been tested using synthetic data, and successfully
identified combinations of geometric shapes (squares, triangles etc.).
Limited tests on photographs of vehicles travelling along a main road
were also performed successfully
A framework for managing global risk factors affecting construction cost performance
Poor cost performance of construction projects has been a major concern for both
contractors and clients. The effective management of risk is thus critical to the success of any construction project and the importance of risk management has grown as projects have become more complex and competition has increased. Contractors have
traditionally used financial mark-ups to cover the risk associated with construction
projects but as competition increases and margins have become tighter they can no longer rely on this strategy and must improve their ability to manage risk. Furthermore, the construction industry has witnessed significant changes particularly in procurement
methods with clients allocating greater risks to contractors.
Evidence shows that there is a gap between existing risk management techniques and
tools, mainly built on normative statistical decision theory, and their practical application
by construction contractors. The main reason behind the lack of use is that risk decision
making within construction organisations is heavily based upon experience, intuition and
judgement and not on mathematical models.
This thesis presents a model for managing global risk factors affecting construction cost
performance of construction projects. The model has been developed using behavioural
decision approach, fuzzy logic technology, and Artificial Intelligence technology. The
methodology adopted to conduct the research involved a thorough literature survey on
risk management, informal and formal discussions with construction practitioners to
assess the extent of the problem, a questionnaire survey to evaluate the importance of
global risk factors and, finally, repertory grid interviews aimed at eliciting relevant
knowledge. There are several approaches to categorising risks permeating construction projects. This
research groups risks into three main categories, namely organisation-specific, global and
Acts of God. It focuses on global risk factors because they are ill-defined, less
understood by contractors and difficult to model, assess and manage although they have
huge impact on cost performance. Generally, contractors, especially in developing
countries, have insufficient experience and knowledge to manage them effectively. The
research identified the following groups of global risk factors as having significant impact
on cost performance: estimator related, project related, fraudulent practices related,
competition related, construction related, economy related and political related factors.
The model was tested for validity through a panel of validators (experts) and crosssectional
cases studies, and the general conclusion was that it could provide valuable
assistance in the management of global risk factors since it is effective, efficient, flexible
and user-friendly. The findings stress the need to depart from traditional approaches and
to explore new directions in order to equip contractors with effective risk management
tools
Automated interpretation of digital images of hydrographic charts.
Details of research into the automated generation of a digital database of hydrographic charts is presented. Low level processing of digital images of hydrographic charts provides image line feature segments which serve as input to a semi-automated feature extraction system, (SAFE). This system is able to perform a great deal of the building of chart features from the image segments simply on the basis of proximity of the segments. The system solicits user interaction when ambiguities arise. IThe creation of an intelligent knowledge based system (IKBS) implemented in the form of a backward chained production rule based system, which cooperates with the SAFE system, is described. The 1KBS attempts to resolve ambiguities using domain knowledge coded in the form of production rules.
The two systems communicate by the passing of goals from SAFE to the IKBS and the return of a certainty factor by the IKBS for each goal submitted. The SAFE system can make additional feature building decisions on the basis of
collected sets of certainty factors, thus reducing the need for user interaction. This thesis establishes that the cooperating IKBS approach to image interpretation offers an effective route to automated image understanding
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