1,320 research outputs found
Theory of Decoherence-Free Fault-Tolerant Universal Quantum Computation
Universal quantum computation on decoherence-free subspaces and subsystems
(DFSs) is examined with particular emphasis on using only physically relevant
interactions. A necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of
decoherence-free (noiseless) subsystems in the Markovian regime is derived here
for the first time. A stabilizer formalism for DFSs is then developed which
allows for the explicit understanding of these in their dual role as quantum
error correcting codes. Conditions for the existence of Hamiltonians whose
induced evolution always preserves a DFS are derived within this stabilizer
formalism. Two possible collective decoherence mechanisms arising from
permutation symmetries of the system-bath coupling are examined within this
framework. It is shown that in both cases universal quantum computation which
always preserves the DFS (*natural fault-tolerant computation*) can be
performed using only two-body interactions. This is in marked contrast to
standard error correcting codes, where all known constructions using one or
two-body interactions must leave the codespace during the on-time of the
fault-tolerant gates. A further consequence of our universality construction is
that a single exchange Hamiltonian can be used to perform universal quantum
computation on an encoded space whose asymptotic coding efficiency is unity.
The exchange Hamiltonian, which is naturally present in many quantum systems,
is thus *asymptotically universal*.Comment: 40 pages (body: 30, appendices: 3, figures: 5, references: 2). Fixed
problem with non-printing figures. New references added, minor typos
correcte
Approximation of L\"owdin Orthogonalization to a Spectrally Efficient Orthogonal Overlapping PPM Design for UWB Impulse Radio
In this paper we consider the design of spectrally efficient time-limited
pulses for ultrawideband (UWB) systems using an overlapping pulse position
modulation scheme. For this we investigate an orthogonalization method, which
was developed in 1950 by Per-Olov L\"owdin. Our objective is to obtain a set of
N orthogonal (L\"owdin) pulses, which remain time-limited and spectrally
efficient for UWB systems, from a set of N equidistant translates of a
time-limited optimal spectral designed UWB pulse. We derive an approximate
L\"owdin orthogonalization (ALO) by using circulant approximations for the Gram
matrix to obtain a practical filter implementation. We show that the centered
ALO and L\"owdin pulses converge pointwise to the same Nyquist pulse as N tends
to infinity. The set of translates of the Nyquist pulse forms an orthonormal
basis or the shift-invariant space generated by the initial spectral optimal
pulse. The ALO transform provides a closed-form approximation of the L\"owdin
transform, which can be implemented in an analog fashion without the need of
analog to digital conversions. Furthermore, we investigate the interplay
between the optimization and the orthogonalization procedure by using methods
from the theory of shift-invariant spaces. Finally we develop a connection
between our results and wavelet and frame theory.Comment: 33 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication 9 Sep 201
Courbure discrète : théorie et applications
International audienceThe present volume contains the proceedings of the 2013 Meeting on discrete curvature, held at CIRM, Luminy, France. The aim of this meeting was to bring together researchers from various backgrounds, ranging from mathematics to computer science, with a focus on both theory and applications. With 27 invited talks and 8 posters, the conference attracted 70 researchers from all over the world. The challenge of finding a common ground on the topic of discrete curvature was met with success, and these proceedings are a testimony of this wor
Anyons in an exactly solved model and beyond
A spin 1/2 system on a honeycomb lattice is studied. The interactions between
nearest neighbors are of XX, YY or ZZ type, depending on the direction of the
link; different types of interactions may differ in strength. The model is
solved exactly by a reduction to free fermions in a static
gauge field. A phase diagram in the parameter space is obtained. One of the
phases has an energy gap and carries excitations that are Abelian anyons. The
other phase is gapless, but acquires a gap in the presence of magnetic field.
In the latter case excitations are non-Abelian anyons whose braiding rules
coincide with those of conformal blocks for the Ising model. We also consider a
general theory of free fermions with a gapped spectrum, which is characterized
by a spectral Chern number . The Abelian and non-Abelian phases of the
original model correspond to and , respectively. The anyonic
properties of excitation depend on , whereas itself governs
edge thermal transport. The paper also provides mathematical background on
anyons as well as an elementary theory of Chern number for quasidiagonal
matrices.Comment: 113 pages. LaTeX + 299 .eps files (see comments in hexagon.tex for
known-good compilation environment). VERSION 3: some typos fixed, one
reference adde
A magnetic model with a possible Chern-Simons phase
An elementary family of local Hamiltonians , is described for a dimensional quantum mechanical system of spin
particles. On the torus, the ground state space is
extensively degenerate but should collapse under \lperturbation" to
an anyonic system with a complete mathematical description: the quantum double
of the Chern-Simons modular functor at which
we call . The Hamiltonian defines a
\underline{quantum} \underline{loop}\underline{gas}. We argue that for and 2, is unstable and the collapse to can occur truly by perturbation. For ,
is stable and in this case finding must require either , help from finite
system size, surface roughening (see section 3), or some other trick, hence the
initial use of quotes {\l}\quad". A hypothetical phase diagram is included in
the introduction.Comment: Appendix by F. Goodman and H. Wenz
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