518,883 research outputs found
A convolutional autoencoder approach for mining features in cellular electron cryo-tomograms and weakly supervised coarse segmentation
Cellular electron cryo-tomography enables the 3D visualization of cellular
organization in the near-native state and at submolecular resolution. However,
the contents of cellular tomograms are often complex, making it difficult to
automatically isolate different in situ cellular components. In this paper, we
propose a convolutional autoencoder-based unsupervised approach to provide a
coarse grouping of 3D small subvolumes extracted from tomograms. We demonstrate
that the autoencoder can be used for efficient and coarse characterization of
features of macromolecular complexes and surfaces, such as membranes. In
addition, the autoencoder can be used to detect non-cellular features related
to sample preparation and data collection, such as carbon edges from the grid
and tomogram boundaries. The autoencoder is also able to detect patterns that
may indicate spatial interactions between cellular components. Furthermore, we
demonstrate that our autoencoder can be used for weakly supervised semantic
segmentation of cellular components, requiring a very small amount of manual
annotation.Comment: Accepted by Journal of Structural Biolog
Insightful classification of crystal structures using deep learning
Computational methods that automatically extract knowledge from data are
critical for enabling data-driven materials science. A reliable identification
of lattice symmetry is a crucial first step for materials characterization and
analytics. Current methods require a user-specified threshold, and are unable
to detect average symmetries for defective structures. Here, we propose a
machine-learning-based approach to automatically classify structures by crystal
symmetry. First, we represent crystals by calculating a diffraction image, then
construct a deep-learning neural-network model for classification. Our approach
is able to correctly classify a dataset comprising more than 100 000 simulated
crystal structures, including heavily defective ones. The internal operations
of the neural network are unraveled through attentive response maps,
demonstrating that it uses the same landmarks a materials scientist would use,
although never explicitly instructed to do so. Our study paves the way for
crystal-structure recognition of - possibly noisy and incomplete -
three-dimensional structural data in big-data materials science.Comment: Nature Communications, in press (2018
On Interpretability of Deep Learning based Skin Lesion Classifiers using Concept Activation Vectors
Deep learning based medical image classifiers have shown remarkable prowess
in various application areas like ophthalmology, dermatology, pathology, and
radiology. However, the acceptance of these Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD)
systems in real clinical setups is severely limited primarily because their
decision-making process remains largely obscure. This work aims at elucidating
a deep learning based medical image classifier by verifying that the model
learns and utilizes similar disease-related concepts as described and employed
by dermatologists. We used a well-trained and high performing neural network
developed by REasoning for COmplex Data (RECOD) Lab for classification of three
skin tumours, i.e. Melanocytic Naevi, Melanoma and Seborrheic Keratosis and
performed a detailed analysis on its latent space. Two well established and
publicly available skin disease datasets, PH2 and derm7pt, are used for
experimentation. Human understandable concepts are mapped to RECOD image
classification model with the help of Concept Activation Vectors (CAVs),
introducing a novel training and significance testing paradigm for CAVs. Our
results on an independent evaluation set clearly shows that the classifier
learns and encodes human understandable concepts in its latent representation.
Additionally, TCAV scores (Testing with CAVs) suggest that the neural network
indeed makes use of disease-related concepts in the correct way when making
predictions. We anticipate that this work can not only increase confidence of
medical practitioners on CAD but also serve as a stepping stone for further
development of CAV-based neural network interpretation methods.Comment: Accepted for the IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural
Networks (IJCNN) 202
Load Balancing and Virtual Machine Allocation in Cloud-based Data Centers
As cloud services see an exponential increase in consumers, the demand for faster processing of data and a reliable delivery of services becomes a pressing concern. This puts a lot of pressure on the cloud-based data centers, where the consumers’ data is stored, processed and serviced. The rising demand for high quality services and the constrained environment, make load balancing within the cloud data centers a vital concern. This project aims to achieve load balancing within the data centers by means of implementing a Virtual Machine allocation policy, based on consensus algorithm technique. The cloud-based data center system, consisting of Virtual Machines has been simulated on CloudSim – a Java based cloud simulator
Angel Groups: Developing a Regional Economic Development Strategy for Robust Seed Capital Ecosystems for Entrepreneurs
The purpose of this paper is to identify the link between the success of angel organizational structures and the economic footprint within which angel groups operate; ultimately suggesting a novel approach of assisting traditional angel group structures in their operations and entrepreneurs in the process of securing early stage financing. Given the varied angel group structures that exist, some angel portals may be more appropriate for certain regions than others. In-depth field research was developed and analyzed by creating the first undergraduate student-run angel investment fund, to co-invest with investors in the informal venture capital market, in the United States. The research presented in this paper will provide economic planners, educational leaders, and interested students with a potential guideline of how best to organize angel investors within their respective regions, ultimately building local investment capacity that will benefit state economies by creating better financing opportunities for entrepreneurs
Topology of Networks in Generalized Musical Spaces
The abstraction of musical structures (notes, melodies, chords, harmonic or
rhythmic progressions, etc.) as mathematical objects in a geometrical space is
one of the great accomplishments of contemporary music theory. Building on this
foundation, I generalize the concept of musical spaces as networks and derive
functional principles of compositional design by the direct analysis of the
network topology. This approach provides a novel framework for the analysis and
quantification of similarity of musical objects and structures, and suggests a
way to relate such measures to the human perception of different musical
entities. Finally, the analysis of a single work or a corpus of compositions as
complex networks provides alternative ways of interpreting the compositional
process of a composer by quantifying emergent behaviors with well-established
statistical mechanics techniques. Interpreting the latter as probabilistic
randomness in the network, I develop novel compositional design frameworks that
are central to my own artistic research
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