Interfaces, modularity and ecosystem emergence: How DARPA modularized the semiconductor ecosystem

Scholars have identified the pivotal role that modularity plays in promoting innovation. Modularity affects industry structure by breaking up the value chain along technical interfaces, thereby allowing new entrants to specialize and innovate. Less well-understood is where modularity comes from. Firms seem to behave consistently with the theory in some settings, especially the information technology sector, but not in others, such as automobiles. Here we show how the government has a role to play in generating open interfaces needed for modularity, utilizing a case study of the semiconductor industry from 1970 to 1980. We show how the Defense Department\u27s support for this effort aligned with its mission-based interest in semiconductors. We thus contribute a new source of open standards to the modularity literature, as well as a new analytical perspective to the public research funding literature

The LXX Myth and the Rise of Textual Fixity

This brief study investigates the desire for a fixed textual form as it pertains to scripture in the Judean tradition. It particularly delves into this phenomenon in three early versions of the Septuagint origin myth. is paper argues that this myth is invaluable for the study of transmission and reception of scripture, as it is one of the earliest testimonies to the desire for a scriptural text to be frozen. By highlighting the ways the author of the Letter of Aristeas, Philo, and Josephus deal with the issue of textual fixity in the origin myth, this study aims to elucidate the range of opinions held by Judeans concerning the process of transmission of their holy books

Quotations from scripture and the compilation of Hebrews in an oral world

This study interacts with the work of Pieter Botha by presenting four scenarios from my own research on the use of Septuagint quotations by Philo of Alexandria and by the unknown author of Hebrews. The first scenario draws attention to the fusion of oral and written traditions from the Septuagint Pentateuch as perceived in Philo’s Vita Mosis. The second scenario refers to Philo’s Therapeutae which is used as an example of an ascetic Jewish group who studied and contemplated on the ‘Scriptures’. The third scenario tables an example of a first century C.E. catenatemplate for catechetical studies in an oral world – as found in 4 Maccabees. The fourth scenario shifts the emphasis to my research on the Septuagint Vorlage of the explicit quotations in Hebrews. It attempts to indicate, on the one hand, how the compilation of this document is based on a well-planned and well-thought through list of Scriptural passages, detectable in an underlying thread of ‘promises’. On the other hand, it hopes to illustrate the complexity of an integrated process that fused oral and written traditions. The study concludes that the author lives in both an oral and a written world and draws from both during the compilation of his document. Hebrews represents a document at an advanced stage in the history of first century early Christianity and fuses oral and written traditions. But this is not just a random design. It is a well-planned and well-thought through document.http://www.unisa.ac.za/default.asp?Cmd=ViewContent&ContentID=27830am201

The Inhuman Overhang: On Differential Heterogenesis and Multi-Scalar Modeling

As a philosophical paradigm, differential heterogenesis offers us a novel descriptive vantage with which to inscribe Deleuze’s virtuality within the terrain of “differential becoming,” conjugating “pure saliences” so as to parse economies, microhistories, insurgencies, and epistemological evolutionary processes that can be conceived of independently from their representational form. Unlike Gestalt theory’s oppositional constructions, the advantage of this aperture is that it posits a dynamic context to both media and its analysis, rendering them functionally tractable and set in relation to other objects, rather than as sedentary identities. Surveying the genealogy of differential heterogenesis with particular interest in the legacy of Lautman’s dialectic, I make the case for a reading of the Deleuzean virtual that departs from an event-oriented approach, galvanizing Sarti and Citti’s dynamic a priori vis-à-vis Deleuze’s philosophy of difference. Specifically, I posit differential heterogenesis as frame with which to examine our contemporaneous epistemic shift as it relates to multi-scalar computational modeling while paying particular attention to neuro-inferential modes of inductive learning and homologous cognitive architecture. Carving a bricolage between Mark Wilson’s work on the “greediness of scales” and Deleuze’s “scales of reality”, this project threads between static ecologies and active externalism vis-à-vis endocentric frames of reference and syntactical scaffolding

The Telecommunications and Data Acquisition Report

Reports on developments in programs managed by JPL's Office of Telecommunications and Data Acquisition are presented. Emphasis is placed on activities of the Deep Space Network and its associated ground facilities

Supporting Uniform Representation of Data: Structuring Medical Narratives for Care and Research

Electronic patient data are associated with many potential benefits, e.g. data sharing, quality assessment, research, and management of patient care. The degree to which patient data are currently available electronically varies. To harvest the potential benefits of electronic data, the data must also be available in a structured format to enable processing by computer applications. Narrative data are typically recorded as free text. As a result, researchers still have to perform the labor-intensive task of reading and interpreting free text in individual electronic medical records. Structuring the medical narrative poses a significant challenge: content and level of detail are often unpredictable and vary per domain (and even per clinician). In an attempt to support structured recording of medical narratives we have developed OpenSDE (SDE: structured data entry). OpenSDE is intended for use in both care and research. Therefore, OpenSDE is designed to accommodate the structured recording of data in settings where content and order of data entry can often not be predicted. The aim of this research project is to investigate the feasibility of using data recorded with OpenSDE, for research purposes. Consistency and accuracy of collected data are pivotal for research, and are especially challenging if data will be collected over long periods of time and by different users. This Ph.D. project, therefore, focuses on pitfalls for data extraction for research purposes, and aims to formulate strategies to improve uniformity in data entry to enhance the reliability of data retrieval. In this research project we studied: • The possibility of extracting data recorded with OpenSDE and representing the extracted data in a manner suitable for research purposes. • The uniformity of recorded data when OpenSDE is used to transcribe data from the same source. • The origin of differences in representation of semantically identical information. • Strategies that can improve uniformity in data entry

Making sense of Jesus

Making sense of Jesus is comprised of twelve chapters of a Christological nature, which are the result of a multidisciplinary theological research project. The aim of this book is to ascertain how, in the current cultural situation, an encounter with Jesus is determined by specific historical and personal conditions, and what the consequences of such an encounter may be

Washington University Record, March 23, 1995

https://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/record/1682/thumbnail.jp

The troubles of David and his house: textual and literary studies of the synoptic stories of Saul and David in Samuel-Kings and Chronicles

The aim of this thesis is to evaluate an almost two-century old view of current Old Testament scholarship on the interrelationship between the books of Samuel-Kings and the books of Chronicles (Chr), which claims that the author of Chronicles (the Chr) based his work on the former corpus in more or less the existing form. The evaluation is preceded by a preliminary investigation into the grounds upon which that view has been accepted to show that it is based mainly on the relative dating of the history of religion as depicted in the two historiographical works and the supposed relative historical values of the two works, neither of which guarantees Chr's dependence on SamuelKings. It is astonishing to find that the received view is not based on detailed textual and literary comparison of the two works in general, the parallel texts in particular. Thus, instead of attacking the historical conclusions which are derived from the text, an investigation is offered of whether or not the prevailing view is also supported by detailed textual and literary study of some three chapters of parallel texts (1 Chr 10-12 and their counterparts in the books of Samuel).In the first chapter the textual and literary connections of the two versions of Saul's final battle (1 Sam 31 and 1 Chr 10) with their narrative contexts are explored to show that whereas the Samuel pluses and variants are mainly connected with accounts in which David's innocence in the demise of Saul and his house is defended, the Chr variants are mainly connected with stories before David's estrangement from Saul. In the second chapter the two versions of David's capture of Jerusalem (2 Sam 5.1-10 and 1 Chr 11.1-9) are submitted to similar scrutiny to show that the enigmatic extra references to "the blind and the lame" in the Samuel version are connected with a tendentious account of the story of the house of Eli ("the blind") and with the narrative of David's showing royal hospitality to Mephibosheth ("the lame"). Then the two versions of the list of David's mighty men (2 Sam 23.8-37 and 1 Chr 11.10-12.40) are studied in the third chapter to show that there are connections between the Succession Narrative and Samuel's list and that the account of David's seeking refuge under Achish in 1 Samuel has been split into two and also that Samuel's account of David's stay with Achish is more apologetic than Chr's account. Since the Samuel pluses and variants have links with stories in which blood guilt of David or his throne is involved, a thematic study of these materials—i.e. most of the History of David's Rise plus the Succession Narrative—is offered in the fourth and the fifth chapters to show that they form a thematically rather unified narrative and that they were probably from the same author. Since it is practically impossible for the Chr to remove very large text blocks from Samuel-Kings together with their subtle cross-references at the same time, the fact that none of these cross-references remains in Chr forces us to draw the inevitable conclusion that all those materials alluded to by these cross-references were originally absent from the Chr's Vorlag