Measuring the effects of trade liberalization: multilevel analysis tool for agriculture

Bien que la globalisation et la libéralisation du commerce international soient maintenant largement acceptées dans le monde, la plupart des pays en voie de développement et de nombreuses économies de transition n'ont pas encore créé de systèmes de libres marchés. La représentation du monde économique réel avec la diversité des conditions économiques limite la spécialisation, l'investissement et l'adoption de nouvelles technologies. Les progrès en modélisation permettent maintenant la représentation de décisions économiques complexes. Dans cet ouvrage, un modèle pour le secteur agricole dans les bas-fonds de Java est présenté. Afin de représenter de façon pragmatique la complexité des décisions et les imperfections du marché, les occasions et les contraintes sont listées, les prix et les risques sont évalués. La description de l'agriculture vivrière en Indonésie a conduit à l'élaboration d'un modèle économique MATA développé pour estimer les impacts de diverses politiques. L'intérêt de ce projet est de fournir un outil de décision politique. La lecture du manuel MATA permettra d'étendre le modèle à d'autres zone

Development Model of Rice Supply Chain Management to Ensure Self-Sufficiency and Food Security

The objectives of this study cover not only the availability of information about potential rice production, the actual information of rice supply chain system, and the concept and strategy of the rice supply chain management but also the formulation of effective and efficient measures to increase the rice distribution chain linkages in Malang Regency. The study design is a combination of descriptive and policy research unit by applying analysis of Rice Milling Unit (RMU) Entrepreneurs, Wholesalers and Retailers, Farmers and stakeholders concerned. The sampling was carried out by non-probability sampling method. The first sampling used purposive sampling method, and then the snowballing sampling method. The data comprised two types of data, primary and secondary data. The primary data were obtained through direct observation and interviews. The secondary data were obtained through literary searches. The data processing was done by the framework of the Food Supply Chain Networking (FSCN). The results indicated that Malang Regency has successfully contributed to the increase of national unhulled rice production. Furthermore, every year Malang Regency has a surplus of rice. The rice distribution pattern consists of the rice traders, millers, wholesalers, Bulog Malang Sub Division, and retailers. The distribution pattern of rice in Malang Regency has five channels of trade distribution system. In general, the market structure of unhulled rice / rice in Malang Regency is competitive. It is characterized by a number of participants of the market not only at the village, district but Regency as well. The distribution pattern has been established and supported by adequate infrastructure. Moreover, the distribution is quite smooth without encountering any major obstacles. The results of this study provide interesting findings because the rice produced by farmers in Malang Regency is mostly sold outside Malang Regency. Most of the people of Malang Regency consume rice from other areas because the price is cheaper than the rice of Malang Regency farmers. This condition should improve the welfare of farmers because the rice produced is of premium quality and is more expensive, but market conditions make this expectation difficult to fulfill because the price is affordable at RMU. To Strengthen the supply chain management of rice, it is needed the growth and strengthening of the system either upstream or downstream of economy through institution of the village. The institution has a bridging function for both the interests and needs of the community. The government should provide sufficient funds through Bulog to buy all rice produced by farmers at a price that supports farmers in making a profit, then distribute it to the community at a price affordable to the purchasing power

FOOD SECTOR ANALYSIS IN INDONESIA: A SOCIAL ACCOUNTING MATRIX (SAM) APPROACH

The development of the agricultural sector has a made great contribution to the change in the Indonesian economy. In the national policy, the government has prioritized the subsidies in the agricultural sector to stimulate it to be more productive. This research has some aims i.e.: to describe the role of the agricultural sector based on the distribution of household income groups in Indonesia; to describe the impact of household income level groups if the subsidies in the agricultural food sector or Indonesia have increased. The food sectors are classified into: sector production of: rice.corn and soybeans.other crops.poultry meat (traditional farms).poultry meat (medium and large farms),eggs,forestry and hunting,fishing and others. The results show that the food industry has experienced a significant increase in productivity among the economic sectors. Agricultural entrepreneurs are the group that experienced a high increase in income among farming households Keywords: sector, food,  policy, SAM,  revenu

The effect of Social Economic Factors on Ability to Save of Farmers: the role of Income Supply, Education Supply, Experience, Age, Land Area Distribution, Piece, Consumption and Family

The ability of farmers in the village's economic life is very varied and tends to be in a weak position, especially in terms of saving skills. This study aims to determine the influence of socioeconomic factors on the ability to save, pull, and push elements of farmers to keep and resource savings fund farmers. This research is a case study in Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatera, where 60 people from 312 populations of paddy rice farmers were sampled purposively. The results showed that simultaneously social factors: the number of dependents, education supply, experience, and age of farmers significantly affected the ability to save. While partially, the number of dependents and skills influence substantially the ability to save, while the education supply and age of the farmer have no significant effect on the ability to save. Simultaneously economic factors: land area distribution, income supply, price, and consumption have a substantial impact on the ability to save. Partially, use has a significant effect on the ability to save, while land area distribution, income supply, and the price has no significant impact on the ability to save. The factors attracting farmers to keep are security, the interest of money, prizes, proximity to their homes, and familiarity with bank officers. While the elements are driving farmers to save the desire to change lives, children's education supply expands the business, supplies sudden necessities, and insurance. Source of farmers' savings comes from farm income supply, off-farm income supply, and other family income supply. The study recommends that farmers increase their farming skills to better earnings so that the ability to save the better. Farmers can utilize existing financial institutions as much as possible for farming needs

Concept and Implementation of Participation and Empowerment: Reflection From the Coffee Ipm-secp

Participation and empowerment are two important keywords in agricultural development program. One of the agricultural programs that considerably implemented through farmer\u27s participation towards empowerment is Integrated Pest Management (IPM). This article reviews the reflection of the concepts and implementations of farmer\u27s participation and empowerment in the coffee Integrated Pest Management for Smallholder Estate Crops (IPM-SECP). It can be explained that farmers were participated only in the planning and implementation stages of the project, while monitoring and evaluation activities were solely done by the project implementing unit and other related agencies. In the planning stage, the extent of farmer\u27s participation can be categorized as pseudo participation since farmers only participated if they were the head of farmer\u27s group or local model farmers. Meanwhile, in the implementation stage, it was found that farmers had a high extent of participation in the various activities and practices of training carried out by the project. Nevertheless, farmers were empowered in terms of knowledge and skills gained, change in practices, decision-making, productivity, and environmental awareness. As a result, farmer\u27s participation should be anchored in all stages of planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation, so that they would be able to get immediate genuine empowerment feedback of the project impact

Biogas as a solution for sustainable energy development in maqashid syariah framework

Islamic economy as a way of life began to be studied and applied in various aspects. However, on the other hand, there is still a vacuum in which the study on Islamic economics is now more focused on the study of business, finance, and banking. While the broad outline of basic economic problems that comes from the fulfillment of needs and desires with all the implications on the long-term or often referred to as sustainable development in the concept of Islamic economics is still minimal discussion. Where in this journal the authors will raise about the issue of sustainable development with the focus of studies in the energy sector where the research area conducted found a total economic value of Rp 72,312,000 consisting of direct benefit value, indirect benefit value, choice value, and value of existence on sustainable energy development efforts in one village where the research is conducted with some other derivative benefits that can be studied in the concept of maqashid al-syaria

Review on the Current Status of Poverty and Its Determinants in Ethiopia

The study was mainly focused on assessing current poverty status and its determinants in Ethiopia. Specifically aims to review the level of poverty status, causes of poverty and determinants of poverty in Ethiopia. However, its total population is more than100 million; agriculture is the foundation of its economic growth. Poverty is still a big obstacle to overcome in Ethiopia. Poverty in Ethiopia is caused population pressure, illiteracies, and natural factors like drought, famine etc. Disease, shortage of land, poor use of technology, weak basic services, political instability, inflation, high unemployment rate and etc. Based on generalized results of we reviewed documents the major determinants of poverty were age of household heads, family size per adult equivalent, access to credit service, dependency ratio,  and access to health service. Hence, promoting equitable economic growth, family planning, increasing land productivity, increasing credit service, increasing health service, and promoting research extension farmer linkage are indispensable policy interventions to better reduce rural poverty. Key words: Poverty, Determinants, Ethiopia DOI: 10.7176/JPID/50-04 Publication date:June 30th 201

The Political Economy of Non-Traditional Security: Explaining the Governance of Avian Influenza in Indonesia

Given the common association of non-traditional security (NTS) problems with globalisation, surprisingly little attention has been paid to how the political economy context of given NTS issues shape how they are securitised and managed in practice. We argue that security and its governance are always highly contested because different modes of security governance invariably privilege particular interests and normative agendas in state and society, which relate directly to the political economy. Drawing on critical political geography, we argue that, because NTS issues are perceived as at least potentially transnational, their securitisation often involves strategic attempts by actors and coalitions to ‘rescale’ their governance beyond the national political and institutional arenas, into new, expert-dominated modes of governance. Such efforts are often resisted by other coalitions, for which this rescaling is deleterious. As evidenced by a case study of avian influenza in Indonesia, particular governance outcomes depend upon the nature of the coalitions assembled for and against rescaling in specific situations, while these coalitions’ make-up and relative strength is shaped by the political economy of the industries that rescaling would affect, viewed against the broader backdrop of state-society relations