A topology-oblivious routing protocol for NDN-VANETs

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are characterized by intermittent connectivity, which leads to failures of end-to-end paths between nodes. Named Data Networking (NDN) is a network paradigm that deals with such problems, since information is forwarded based on content and not on the location of the hosts. In this work, we propose an enhanced routing protocol of our previous topology-oblivious Multihop, Multipath, and Multichannel NDN for VANETs (MMM-VNDN) routing strategy that exploits several paths to achieve more efficient content retrieval. Our new enhanced protocol, i mproved MMM-VNDN (iMMM-VNDN), creates paths between a requester node and a provider by broadcasting Interest messages. When a provider responds with a Data message to a broadcast Interest message, we create unicast routes between nodes, by using the MAC address(es) as the distinct address(es) of each node. iMMM-VNDN extracts and thus creates routes based on the MAC addresses from the strategy layer of an NDN node. Simulation results show that our routing strategy performs better than other state of the art strategies in terms of Interest Satisfaction Rate, while keeping the latency and jitter of messages low

Named Data Networking in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks: State-of-the-Art and Challenges

International audienceInformation-Centric Networking (ICN) has been proposed as one of the future Internet architectures. It is poised to address the challenges faced by today's Internet that include, but not limited to, scalability, addressing, security, and privacy. Furthermore, it also aims at meeting the requirements for new emerging Internet applications. To realize ICN, Named Data Networking (NDN) is one of the recent implementations of ICN that provides a suitable communication approach due to its clean slate design and simple communication model. There are a plethora of applications realized through ICN in different domains where data is the focal point of communication. One such domain is Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) realized through Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork (VANET) where vehicles exchange information and content with each other and with the infrastructure. To date, excellent research results have been yielded in the VANET domain aiming at safe, reliable, and infotainment-rich driving experience. However, due to the dynamic topologies, host-centric model, and ephemeral nature of vehicular communication, various challenges are faced by VANET that hinder the realization of successful vehicular networks and adversely affect the data dissemination, content delivery, and user experiences. To fill these gaps, NDN has been extensively used as underlying communication paradigm for VANET. Inspired by the extensive research results in NDN-based VANET, in this paper, we provide a detailed and systematic review of NDN-driven VANET. More precisely, we investigate the role of NDN in VANET and discuss the feasibility of NDN architecture in VANET environment. Subsequently, we cover in detail, NDN-based naming, routing and forwarding, caching, mobility, and security mechanism for VANET. Furthermore, we discuss the existing standards, solutions, and simulation tools used in NDN-based VANET. Finally, we also identify open challenges and issues faced by NDN-driven VANET and highlight future research directions that should be addressed by the research community

A Study of Routing Protocols for Ad-Hoc Network Based on Named Data Networking

電気通信大学202

On the realization of VANET using named data networking: On improvement of VANET using NDN-based routing, caching, and security

Named data networking (NDN) presents a huge opportunity to tackle some of the unsolved issues of IP-based vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET). The core characteristics of NDN such as the name-based routing, in-network caching, and built-in data security provide better management of VANET proprieties (e.g., the high mobility, link intermittency, and dynamic topology). This study aims at providing a clear view of the state-of-the-art on the developments in place, in order to leverage the characteristics of NDN in VANET. We resort to a systematic literature review (SLR) to perform a reproducible study, gathering the proposed solutions and summarizing the main open challenges on implementing NDN-based VANET. There exist several related studies, but they are more focused on other topics such as forwarding. This work specifically restricts the focus on VANET improvements by NDN-based routing (not forwarding), caching, and security. The surveyed solution herein presented is performed between 2010 and 2021. The results show that proposals on the selected topics for NDN-based VANET are recent (mainly from 2016 to 2021). Among them, caching is the most investigated topic. Finally, the main findings and the possible roadmaps for further development are highlighted

Recent Developments on Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks and Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

This book presents collective works published in the recent Special Issue (SI) entitled "Recent Developments on Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks and Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks”. These works expose the readership to the latest solutions and techniques for MANETs and VANETs. They cover interesting topics such as power-aware optimization solutions for MANETs, data dissemination in VANETs, adaptive multi-hop broadcast schemes for VANETs, multi-metric routing protocols for VANETs, and incentive mechanisms to encourage the distribution of information in VANETs. The book demonstrates pioneering work in these fields, investigates novel solutions and methods, and discusses future trends in these field

Encaminhamento baseado no contexto em ICNs móveis

Over the last couple of decades, vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have been at the forefront of research, yet still are afflicted by high network fragmentation, due to their continuous node mobility and geographical dispersion. To address these concerns, a new paradigm was proposed - Information-Centric Networks(ICN), whose focus is the delivery of Content based on names, being ideal to attend to high latency environments. However, the main proposed solutions for content delivery in ICNs do not take into account the type of content nor the various available communication interfaces in each point of the network, a factor which can be deciding in mobile networks. The scope of this dissertation lies on the use of ICNs concepts for the delivery of both urgent and non-urgent information in urban mobile environments. In order to do so, a context-based forwarding strategy was proposed, with a very clear goal: to take advantage of both packet names and Data, and node's neighborhood analysis in order to successfully deliver content into the network in the shortest period of time, and without worsening network congestion. The design, implementation and validation of the proposed strategy was performed using the ndnSIM platform simulator along with real mobility traces from communication infrastructure of the Porto city. The results show that the proposed context-based forwarding strategy for mobile ICN presents a clear improvement in performance in terms of delivery, while maintaining network overhead at a constant. Furthermore, by means of better pathing and through cooperation with caching mechanisms, lower transmission delays can be attained.Nas últimas décadas, as redes veiculares ad hoc (VANETs) estiveram na vanguarda da pesquisa, mas continuam a ser afetadas por alta fragmentação na rede, devido à mobilidade contínua dos nós e a sua dispersão geográfica. Para abordar estes problemas, um novo paradigma foi proposto - Redes Centradas na Informação (ICN), cujo foco é a entrega de Conteúdo com base em nomes, sendo ideal para atender ambientes de alta latência. No entanto, as principais soluções propostas para entrega de conteúdo em ICNs não têm em conta o tipo de conteúdo nem as várias interfaces de comunicação disponíveis em cada ponto da rede, fator que pode ser determinante em redes móveis. O objetivo desta dissertação reside no uso dos conceitos de ICNs para a entrega de informações urgentes e não urgentes em ambientes móveis urbanos. Para isso, foi proposta uma estratégia de encaminhamento baseada em contexto, com um objetivo muito claro: tirar proveito do nome e dados dos pacotes, e da análise de vizinhança dos nós, com vista em fornecer com êxito o conteúdo para a rede no menor período de tempo e sem piorar o congestionamento da rede. O desenho, implementação e validação da estratégia proposta foram realizados usando o simulador ndnSIM, juntamente com traces reais de mobilidade da infraestrutura de comunicação da cidade do Porto. Os resultados mostram que a estratégia de encaminhamento baseada em contexto proposta para o ICN móvel apresenta uma clara melhoria no desempenho em termos de entrega, mantendo a carga da rede constante. Além disso, através da escolha de melhores caminhos e através da cooperação com mecanismos de armazenamento em cache, é possível alcançar atrasos de transmissão mais baixos.Mestrado em Engenharia de Computadores e Telemátic

An efficient pending interest table control management in named data network

Named Data Networking (NDN) is an emerging Internet architecture that employs a new network communication model based on the identity of Internet content. Its core component, the Pending Interest Table (PIT) serves a significant role of recording Interest packet information which is ready to be sent but in waiting for matching Data packet. In managing PIT, the issue of flow PIT sizing has been very challenging due to massive use of long Interest lifetime particularly when there is no flexible replacement policy, hence affecting PIT performance. The aim of this study is to propose an efficient PIT Control Management (PITCM) approach to be used in handling incoming Interest packets in order to mitigate PIT overflow thus enhancing PIT utilization and performance. PITCM consists of Adaptive Virtual PIT (AVPIT) mechanism, Smart Threshold Interest Lifetime (STIL) mechanism and Highest Lifetime Least Request (HLLR) policy. The AVPIT is responsible for obtaining early PIT overflow prediction and reaction. STIL is meant for adjusting lifetime value for incoming Interest packet while HLLR is utilized for managing PIT entries in efficient manner. A specific research methodology is followed to ensure that the work is rigorous in achieving the aim of the study. The network simulation tool is used to design and evaluate PITCM. The results of study show that PITCM outperforms the performance of standard NDN PIT with 45% higher Interest satisfaction rate, 78% less Interest retransmission rate and 65% less Interest drop rate. In addition, Interest satisfaction delay and PIT length is reduced significantly to 33% and 46%, respectively. The contribution of this study is important for Interest packet management in NDN routing and forwarding systems. The AVPIT and STIL mechanisms as well as the HLLR policy can be used in monitoring, controlling and managing the PIT contents for Internet architecture of the future