1,770 research outputs found
QUALITY-DRIVEN CROSS LAYER DESIGN FOR MULTIMEDIA SECURITY OVER RESOURCE CONSTRAINED WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
The strong need for security guarantee, e.g., integrity and authenticity, as well as privacy and confidentiality in wireless multimedia services has driven the development of an emerging research area in low cost Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs). Unfortunately, those conventional encryption and authentication techniques cannot be applied directly to WMSNs due to inborn challenges such as extremely limited energy, computing and bandwidth resources. This dissertation provides a quality-driven security design and resource allocation framework for WMSNs. The contribution of this dissertation bridges the inter-disciplinary research gap between high layer multimedia signal processing and low layer computer networking. It formulates the generic problem of quality-driven multimedia resource allocation in WMSNs and proposes a cross layer solution. The fundamental methodologies of multimedia selective encryption and stream authentication, and their application to digital image or video compression standards are presented. New multimedia selective encryption and stream authentication schemes are proposed at application layer, which significantly reduces encryption/authentication complexity. In addition, network resource allocation methodologies at low layers are extensively studied. An unequal error protection-based network resource allocation scheme is proposed to achieve the best effort media quality with integrity and energy efficiency guarantee. Performance evaluation results show that this cross layer framework achieves considerable energy-quality-security gain by jointly designing multimedia selective encryption/multimedia stream authentication and communication resource allocation
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Multimedia delivery in the future internet
The term “Networked Media” implies that all kinds of media including text, image, 3D graphics, audio
and video are produced, distributed, shared, managed and consumed on-line through various networks,
like the Internet, Fiber, WiFi, WiMAX, GPRS, 3G and so on, in a convergent manner [1]. This white
paper is the contribution of the Media Delivery Platform (MDP) cluster and aims to cover the Networked
challenges of the Networked Media in the transition to the Future of the Internet.
Internet has evolved and changed the way we work and live. End users of the Internet have been confronted
with a bewildering range of media, services and applications and of technological innovations concerning
media formats, wireless networks, terminal types and capabilities. And there is little evidence that the pace
of this innovation is slowing. Today, over one billion of users access the Internet on regular basis, more
than 100 million users have downloaded at least one (multi)media file and over 47 millions of them do so
regularly, searching in more than 160 Exabytes1 of content. In the near future these numbers are expected
to exponentially rise. It is expected that the Internet content will be increased by at least a factor of 6, rising
to more than 990 Exabytes before 2012, fuelled mainly by the users themselves. Moreover, it is envisaged
that in a near- to mid-term future, the Internet will provide the means to share and distribute (new)
multimedia content and services with superior quality and striking flexibility, in a trusted and personalized
way, improving citizens’ quality of life, working conditions, edutainment and safety.
In this evolving environment, new transport protocols, new multimedia encoding schemes, cross-layer inthe
network adaptation, machine-to-machine communication (including RFIDs), rich 3D content as well as
community networks and the use of peer-to-peer (P2P) overlays are expected to generate new models of
interaction and cooperation, and be able to support enhanced perceived quality-of-experience (PQoE) and
innovative applications “on the move”, like virtual collaboration environments, personalised services/
media, virtual sport groups, on-line gaming, edutainment. In this context, the interaction with content
combined with interactive/multimedia search capabilities across distributed repositories, opportunistic P2P
networks and the dynamic adaptation to the characteristics of diverse mobile terminals are expected to
contribute towards such a vision.
Based on work that has taken place in a number of EC co-funded projects, in Framework Program 6 (FP6)
and Framework Program 7 (FP7), a group of experts and technology visionaries have voluntarily
contributed in this white paper aiming to describe the status, the state-of-the art, the challenges and the way
ahead in the area of Content Aware media delivery platforms
No tradeoff between confidentiality and performance: An analysis on H.264/SVC partial encryption
Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR
An Analysis of H.264/AVC Encryption Techniques
The video coding standards are developed to satisfy the requirements of different applications for various purposes, higher coding efficiency, better picture quality, and more error robustness. The new international video coding standard H.264/AVC aims at having significant improvements in coding efficiency, and error robustness in comparison with the previous standards. Most of the video compression algorithms are designed based on the H.264/AVC. In this paper, the video encryption techniques of H.264/AVC are analyzed. Performance analysis of the three algorithms namely Selective, Layered and NaEF;ve is reported and its strength is discussed
Transparent encryption with scalable video communication: Lower-latency, CABAC-based schemes
Selective encryption masks all of the content without completely hiding it, as full encryption would do at a cost in encryption delay and increased bandwidth. Many commercial applications of video encryption do not even require selective encryption, because greater utility can be gained from transparent encryption, i.e. allowing prospective viewers to glimpse a reduced quality version of the content as a taster. Our lightweight selective encryption scheme when applied to scalable video coding is well suited to transparent encryption. The paper illustrates the gains in reducing delay and increased distortion arising from a transparent encryption that leaves reduced quality base layer in the clear. Reduced encryption of B-frames is a further step beyond transparent encryption in which the computational overhead reduction is traded against content security and limited distortion. This spectrum of video encryption possibilities is analyzed in this paper, though all of the schemes maintain decoder compatibility and add no bitrate overhead as a result of jointly encoding and encrypting the input video by virtue of carefully selecting the entropy coding parameters that are encrypted. The schemes are suitable both for H.264 and HEVC codecs, though demonstrated in the paper for H.264. Selected Content Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding (CABAC) parameters are encrypted by a lightweight Exclusive OR technique, which is chosen for practicality
A NOVEL JOINT PERCEPTUAL ENCRYPTION AND WATERMARKING SCHEME (JPEW) WITHIN JPEG FRAMEWORK
Due to the rapid growth in internet and multimedia technologies, many new
commercial applications like video on demand (VOD), pay-per-view and real-time
multimedia broadcast etc, have emerged. To ensure the integrity and confidentiality of
the multimedia content, the content is usually watermarked and then encrypted or vice
versa. If the multimedia content needs to be watermarked and encrypted at the same
time, the watermarking function needs to be performed first followed by encryption
function. Hence, if the watermark needs to be extracted then the multimedia data
needs to be decrypted first followed by extraction of the watermark. This results in
large computational overhead. The solution provided in the literature for this problem
is by using what is called partial encryption, in which media data are partitioned into
two parts - one to be watermarked and the other is encrypted. In addition, some
multimedia applications i.e. video on demand (VOD), Pay-TV, pay-per-view etc,
allow multimedia content preview which involves „perceptual‟ encryption wherein all
or some selected part of the content is, perceptually speaking, distorted with an
encryption key. Up till now no joint perceptual encryption and watermarking scheme
has been proposed in the literature.
In this thesis, a novel Joint Perceptual Encryption and Watermarking (JPEW)
scheme is proposed that is integrated within JPEG standard. The design of JPEW
involves the design and development of both perceptual encryption and watermarking
schemes that are integrated in JPEG and feasible within the „partial‟ encryption
framework. The perceptual encryption scheme exploits the energy distribution of AC
components and DC components bitplanes of continuous-tone images and is carried
out by selectively encrypting these AC coefficients and DC components bitplanes.
The encryption itself is based on a chaos-based permutation reported in an earlier
work. Similarly, in contrast to the traditional watermarking schemes, the proposed
watermarking scheme makes use of DC component of the image and it is carried out
by selectively substituting certain bitplanes of DC components with watermark bits.
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Apart from the aforesaid JPEW, additional perceptual encryption scheme, integrated
in JPEG, has also been proposed. The scheme is outside of joint framework and
implements perceptual encryption on region of interest (ROI) by scrambling the DCT
blocks of the chosen ROI.
The performances of both, perceptual encryption and watermarking schemes are
evaluated and compared with Quantization Index modulation (QIM) based
watermarking scheme and reversible Histogram Spreading (RHS) based perceptual
encryption scheme. The results show that the proposed watermarking scheme is
imperceptible and robust, and suitable for authentication. Similarly, the proposed
perceptual encryption scheme outperforms the RHS based scheme in terms of number
of operations required to achieve a given level of perceptual encryption and provides
control over the amount of perceptual encryption. The overall security of the JPEW
has also been evaluated. Additionally, the performance of proposed separate
perceptual encryption scheme has been thoroughly evaluated in terms of security and
compression efficiency. The scheme is found to be simpler in implementation, have
insignificant effect on compression ratios and provide more options for the selection
of control factor
Digital rights management techniques for H.264 video
This work aims to present a number of low-complexity digital rights management (DRM) methodologies for the H.264 standard. Initially, requirements to enforce DRM are analyzed and understood. Based on these requirements, a framework is constructed which puts forth different possibilities that can be explored to satisfy the objective. To implement computationally efficient DRM methods, watermarking and content based copy detection are then chosen as the preferred methodologies.
The first approach is based on robust watermarking which modifies the DC residuals of 4Ă—4 macroblocks within I-frames. Robust watermarks are appropriate for content protection and proving ownership. Experimental results show that the technique exhibits encouraging rate-distortion (R-D) characteristics while at the same time being computationally efficient.
The problem of content authentication is addressed with the help of two methodologies: irreversible and reversible watermarks. The first approach utilizes the highest frequency coefficient within 4Ă—4 blocks of the I-frames after CAVLC en- tropy encoding to embed a watermark. The technique was found to be very effect- ive in detecting tampering. The second approach applies the difference expansion (DE) method on IPCM macroblocks within P-frames to embed a high-capacity reversible watermark. Experiments prove the technique to be not only fragile and reversible but also exhibiting minimal variation in its R-D characteristics.
The final methodology adopted to enforce DRM for H.264 video is based on the concept of signature generation and matching. Specific types of macroblocks within each predefined region of an I-, B- and P-frame are counted at regular intervals in a video clip and an ordinal matrix is constructed based on their count. The matrix is considered to be the signature of that video clip and is matched with longer video sequences to detect copies within them. Simulation results show that the matching methodology is capable of not only detecting copies but also its location within a longer video sequence. Performance analysis depict acceptable false positive and false negative rates and encouraging receiver operating charac- teristics. Finally, the time taken to match and locate copies is significantly low which makes it ideal for use in broadcast and streaming applications
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