The utilization of coffee waste into fired clay brick

The rapid growth of coffee industry is accompanied by a staggering increase in the amount of agriculture waste produced. In coffee producing countries, coffee wastes constitute a source of severe contamination and a serious environmental problem. In this study, the investigation on the possibility to utilize the coffee waste (CW) incorporated into the fired clay brick was carried out. The main purpose of this study is to determine the physical, mechanical properties and leach ability test of bricks incorporated with different percentages of CW. In this methodology, control brick (CB) and three different percentages of coffee waste brick (CWB) (1%, 3% and 5%) were manufactured and fired at 1050 °C. Physical and mechanical properties including shrinkage, density and compressive strength were reported and discussed. Additionally, leaching of heavy metals from manufactured clay brick was tested by using Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP). The results reported that with the incorporation of CW, the shrinkage increased linearly but still comply with minimum standard below 8% and good quality of brick was manufactured. Meanwhile, the results showed that density value decreased up to 30% from the normal brick with increased percentages of CW. The decreased compressive strength value of all the manufactured brick is still complies with minimum standard. On the other hand, heavy metals concentration leach out from different percentages of coffee waste brick is not exceeding the limit of 5 mg/L allowed by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). As a conclusion, the incorporation of CW into fired clay brick gives some advantages to the brick properties and also provides alternative solution on disposing the CW. In addition, the CW could also be a potential of low cost waste additive for the production of a brick

(SI10-123) Comparison Between the Homotopy Perturbation Method and Variational Iteration Method for Fuzzy Differential Equations

In this article, the authors discusses the numerical simulations of higher-order differential equations under a fuzzy environment by using Homotopy Perturbation Method and Variational Iteration Method. The fuzzy parameter and variables are represented by triangular fuzzy convex normalized sets. Comparison of the results are obtained by the homotopy perturbation method with those obtained by the variational iteration method. Examples are provided to demonstrate the theory

Numerical Solution of NTH - Order Fuzzy Initial Value Problems by Fourth Order Runge-Kutta Method Basesd On Contrahamonic Mean

In this paper, a numerical method for Nth - order fuzzy initial value problems (FIVP) based on Seikkala derivative of fuzzy process is studied. The fourth order Runge-Kutta method based on Contra-harmonic Mean (RKCoM4) is used to find the numerical solution of this problem and the convergence and stability of the method is proved. This method is illustrated by solving second and third order FIVPs. The results show that the proposed method suits well to find the numerical solution of Nth - order FIVPs

A Proposed Analytical Method for Solving Fuzzy Linear Initial Value Problems

       يهدف هذا البحث الى تعريف مجموعة شاملة عناصرها هي أدلة المعادلة التفاضلية الضبابية (5) عدا العنصرين  و ، وايضا  مجاميع  جزئية من تلك المجموعة الشاملة تم تعريفها وفقا الى شروط  معينة. بعد ذلك نستحدم المجموعة الشاملة التي تم إنشاءها مع مجاميعها الجزئية لاقتراح  طريقة تحليلية  تعمل على تسهيل حل مسائل القيمة الابتدائية الضبابية لأي  رتبة  باستخدام  قابلية الاشتقاق H-  المعممة بقوة. ايضا تم ايجاد مجاميع القبول مع الرسوم البيانية  لحلول مسائل القيمة الابتدائية الضبابية من الرتب العليا.     In this article, we aim to define a universal set consisting of the subscripts of the fuzzy differential equation (5) except the two elements  and , subsets of that universal set are defined according to certain conditions. Then, we use the constructed universal set with its subsets for suggesting an analytical method which facilitates solving fuzzy initial value problems of any order by using the strongly generalized H-differentiability. Also, valid sets with graphs for solutions of fuzzy initial value problems of higher orders are found

Quantum fuzzy genetic algorithm with Turing to solve DE

In this study, we create the quantum fuzzy Turing machine (QFTM) approach for solving fuzzy differential equations under Seikkala differentiability by combining it with a differential equation and a genetic algorithm. A theoretical model of computation called a quantum fuzzy Turing machine (QFTM) incorporates aspects of fuzzy logic and quantum physics