Inverter-Based Low-Voltage CCII- Design and Its Filter Application

This paper presents a negative type second-generation current conveyor (CCII-). It is based on an inverter-based low-voltage error amplifier, and a negative current mirror. The CCII- could be operated in a very low supply voltage such as ±0.5V. The proposed CCII- has wide input voltage range (±0.24V), wide output voltage (±0.24V) and wide output current range (±24mA). The proposed CCII- has no on-chip capacitors, so it can be designed with standard CMOS digital processes. Moreover, the architecture of the proposed circuit without cascoded MOSFET transistors is easily designed and suitable for low-voltage operation. The proposed CCII- has been fabricated in TSMC 0.18μm CMOS processes and it occupies 1189.91 x 1178.43μm2 (include PADs). It can also be validated by low voltage CCII filters

Low-Voltage Ultra-Low-Power Current Conveyor Based on Quasi-Floating Gate Transistors

The field of low-voltage low-power CMOS technology has grown rapidly in recent years; it is an essential prerequisite particularly for portable electronic equipment and implantable medical devices due to its influence on battery lifetime. Recently, significant improvements in implementing circuits working in the low-voltage low-power area have been achieved, but circuit designers face severe challenges when trying to improve or even maintain the circuit performance with reduced supply voltage. In this paper, a low-voltage ultra-low-power current conveyor second generation CCII based on quasi-floating gate transistors is presented. The proposed circuit operates at a very low supply voltage of only ±0.4 V with rail-to-rail voltage swing capability and a total quiescent power consumption of mere 9.5 µW. Further, the proposed circuit is not only able to process the AC signal as it's usual at quasi-floating gate transistors but also the DC which extends the applicability of the proposed circuit. In conclusion, an application example of the current-mode quadrature oscillator is presented. PSpice simulation results using the 0.18 µm TSMC CMOS technology are included to confirm the attractive properties of the proposed circuit

A 0.18µm CMOS DDCCII for Portable LV-LP Filters

In this paper a current mode very low voltage (LV) (1V) and low power (LP) (21 µW) differential difference second generation current conveyor (CCII) is presented. The circuit is developed by applying the current sensing technique to a fully balanced version of a differential difference amplifier (DDA) so to design a suitable LV LP integrated version of the so-called differential difference CCII (DDCCII). Post-layout results, using a 0.18µm SMIC CMOS technology, have shown good general circuit performances making the proposed circuit suitable for fully integration in battery portable systems as, for examples, fully differential Sallen-Key bandpass filter

Current-mode Biquadratic Universal Filter Design with Two Terminal Unity Gain Cells

A grounded parallel lossy active inductor and two current-mode (CM) universal filters are presented in this paper. All the circuits use two voltage followers (VFs) and a current follower (CF). The parallel lossy active inductor includes a grounded capacitor which is attractive in integrated circuit (IC) technology. The CM universal filters have one input and standard three outputs such as band-pass (BP), low-pass (LP) and high-pass (HP) responses. All-pass and notch outputs can be obtained by adding extra one CF. Suggested structures in this paper can be constructed with commercially available active devices such as AD844s. Non-ideal gain and intrinsic X-terminal parasitic resistor effects are examined. Several computer simulations with SPICE program and experimental results by employing AD844s are drawn to verify theoretical ones

Novel Resistorless Mixed-Mode PID Controller with Improved Low-Frequency Performance

This paper introduces a new resistorless mixed-mode proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. It employs six simple transconductors and only two grounded capacitors. The proposed PID controller offers several advantageous features of resistorless configuration, use of grounded capacitors, independent electronic-tuning characteristic of its parameters, and mixed-mode operation such as current, transimpedance, transadmittance, and voltage modes. The parasitic element effects of the transconductors on the proposed controller are investigated and the improved low-frequency performance of the proposed controller is then discussed. As applications, the proposed controller is demonstrated on two closed-loop systems. The PSPICE simulations with TSMC 0.18µm CMOS process and ±0.9V supply voltage verify the theoretical analysis

DCCII-Based Novel Lossless Grounded Inductance Simulators With No Element Matching Constrains

In 1996, the differential current conveyor (DCCII) was introduced as a versatile active element with current differencing capability. Therefore, in this study, the usefulness of the DCCII is shown on six novel lossless grounded inductance simulator circuits. Proposed circuits simultaneously employ minimum number of elements, i.e. single DCCII, one capacitor, and two resistors. No passive element matching restriction is needed and all solutions are electronically tunable in case that one of resistors is replaced by MOSFET-based voltage-controlled resistor. The internal structure of the active element has been implemented using the TSMC 0.25 um SCN025 CMOS process BSIM3v3.1 parameters. Firstly, the performance of the selected inductor simulator is evaluated and subsequently verified in the design of 5th-order high-pass ladder and 2nd-order frequency filters. In addition, experimental results using commercially available AD844/ADs are given to verify the theoretical analysis and SPICE simulations

Bandwidth aspects in second generation current conveyors

This paper discusses bandwidth problems associated with second-generation current conveyors (CCII). In particular, our work is centered in high-capacitance applications, and has been oriented for wireless optical links and applied physics. We discuss techniques for improving bandwidth in these CCIIs, and develop a new CCII structure with larger bandwidth than traditional circuits. These circuits are then compared in terms of their noise and dynamic range characteristics. A test circuit was developed to verify these different bandwidth behaviors

Biquadratic Filter Applications Using a Fully-Differential Active-Only Integrator

A new class of active filters, real active-only filters is described and possible implementation issues of these filters are discussed. To remedy these issues, a fully-differential active-only integrator block built around current controlled current conveyors is presented. The integration frequency of the proposed circuit is adjustable over a wide frequency range. As an application, a real active-only filter based on the classical two-integrator loop topology is presented and designed. The feasibility of this filter in a 0.35µm CMOS process is verified through SPECTRE simulation program in the CADENCE design tool