12,484 research outputs found
Incentive Mechanisms for Participatory Sensing: Survey and Research Challenges
Participatory sensing is a powerful paradigm which takes advantage of
smartphones to collect and analyze data beyond the scale of what was previously
possible. Given that participatory sensing systems rely completely on the
users' willingness to submit up-to-date and accurate information, it is
paramount to effectively incentivize users' active and reliable participation.
In this paper, we survey existing literature on incentive mechanisms for
participatory sensing systems. In particular, we present a taxonomy of existing
incentive mechanisms for participatory sensing systems, which are subsequently
discussed in depth by comparing and contrasting different approaches. Finally,
we discuss an agenda of open research challenges in incentivizing users in
participatory sensing.Comment: Updated version, 4/25/201
Amplifying Quiet Voices: Challenges and Opportunities for Participatory Design at an Urban Scale
Many Smart City projects are beginning to consider the role of citizens. However, current methods for engaging urban populations in participatory design activities are somewhat limited. In this paper, we describe an approach taken to empower socially disadvantaged citizens, using a variety of both social and technological tools, in a smart city project. Through analysing the nature of citizensâ concerns and proposed solutions, we explore the benefits of our approach, arguing that engaging citizens can uncover hyper-local concerns that provide a foundation for finding solutions to address citizen concerns. By reflecting on our approach, we identify four key challenges to utilising participatory design at an urban scale; balancing scale with the personal, who has control of the process, who is participating and integrating citizen-led work with local authorities. By addressing these challenges, we will be able to truly engage citizens as collaborators in co-designing their city
Scenarios for Educational and Game Activities using Internet of Things Data
Raising awareness among young people and changing their behavior and habits concerning energy usage and the environment is key to achieving a sustainable planet. The goal to address the global climate problem requires informing the population on their roles in mitigation actions and adaptation of sustainable behaviors. Addressing climate change and achieve ambitious energy and climate targets requires a change in citizen behavior and consumption practices. IoT sensing and related scenario and practices, which address school children via discovery, gamification, and educational activities, are examined in this paper. Use of seawater sensors in STEM education, that has not previously been addressed, is included in these educational scenaria
Seafloor characterization using airborne hyperspectral co-registration procedures independent from attitude and positioning sensors
The advance of remote-sensing technology and data-storage capabilities has progressed in the last decade to commercial multi-sensor data collection. There is a constant need to characterize, quantify and monitor the coastal areas for habitat research and coastal management. In this paper, we present work on seafloor characterization that uses hyperspectral imagery (HSI). The HSI data allows the operator to extend seafloor characterization from multibeam backscatter towards land and thus creates a seamless ocean-to-land characterization of the littoral zone
Emotions in context: examining pervasive affective sensing systems, applications, and analyses
Pervasive sensing has opened up new opportunities for measuring our feelings and understanding our behavior by monitoring our affective states while mobile. This review paper surveys pervasive affect sensing by examining and considering three major elements of affective pervasive systems, namely; âsensingâ, âanalysisâ, and âapplicationâ. Sensing investigates the different sensing modalities that are used in existing real-time affective applications, Analysis explores different approaches to emotion recognition and visualization based on different types of collected data, and Application investigates different leading areas of affective applications. For each of the three aspects, the paper includes an extensive survey of the literature and finally outlines some of challenges and future research opportunities of affective sensing in the context of pervasive computing
A City in Common: A Framework to Orchestrate Large-scale Citizen Engagement around Urban Issues
Citizen sensing is an approach that develops and uses lightweight technologies with local communities to collect, share and act upon data. In doing so it enables them to become more aware of how they can tackle local issues. We report here on the development and uptake of the 'City- Commons Framework for Citizen Sensing', a conceptual model that builds on Participatory Action Research with the aim of playing an integrating role: outlining the processes and mechanisms for ensuring sensing technologies are co-designed by citizens to address their concerns. At the heart of the framework is the idea of a city commons: a pool of community-managed resources. We discuss how the framework was used by communities in Bristol to measure and monitor the problem of damp housing
Plan on the move : mobile participation in urban planning state-of-the-art and future potential
Citizen participation in urban planning has been a topic of academic and practical interest since the 1960s. The adoption of information and communication technologies for civic participation, electronic participation, impacts how citizens and urban planners interact. Within the field of electronic participation, mobile participation is a rather recent chapter. The proliferation of mobile technologies enables both novel forms of participation and the embeddedness of these technologies into existing practices of participation. This dissertation contains five studies exploring how emerging practices of mobile participation are changing citizen participation in urban planning.
Each of the five studies describes a facet of mobile participation, beginning with an overview of participatory planning apps in use; exploring next how citizens develop apps themselves; turning then to the theoretical basis of mobile participation grounded in previous theories of participation and the digital divide; covering further the actual usage of the TÀsÀ urban planning app; and finally, discussing self-organized community planning using mobile technologies.
The results provide an overview of the specific features enhancing democratic urban planning, asses who develops mobile apps and with what intentions, and contrasts the circumstances conducive to inclusiveness in mobile participation. Mobile phones are ubiquitous and possess a combination of unique affordances such as situated engagement and participatory sensing, enabling rich, real-time data collection and experimentation. These features resonate with early adopters who, in order to affect change, need to be embedded in the institutional civic participation setting. For citizens, mobile technologies have diversified the roles of participation, so that citizens can choose between being informed, contributing ideas, or developing applications. Finally, the apps developed with open data are the result of negotiations between developersâ agency and open data availability.
Overall, this dissertation suggests that mobile participation is socially constructed in as far as the features and practices implemented are subject to a host of stakeholder interests. To this end, mobile participation is conceptualized as maximum allowed deviation: it affords new practices that reshape citizen participation while being part of established forms of civic participation.Kansalaisten osallistuminen kaupunkisuunnitteluun on kiinnostanut sekÀ tiedeyhteisöÀ ettÀ suunnittelijoita jo 1960-luvulta lÀhtien. Informaatio- ja kommunikaatioteknologian omaksuminen sekÀ sÀhköinen osallistuminen ovat vaikuttaneet siihen, miten kaupunkilaiset ja suunnittelijat ovat vuorovaikutuksessa toisiinsa. Mobiiliosallistuminen on uusi sÀhköisen osallistumisen ilmiö. Mobiililaitteiden nopea leviÀminen sekÀ mahdollistaa uusia osallistumismuotoja ettÀ sulautuu jo olemassa oleviin kÀytÀntöihin niitÀ muuntaen. TÀmÀ vÀitöskirja koostuu viidestÀ artikkelista, joissa tutkitaan miten mobiiliosallistuminen muuttaa kansalaisten osallistumista kaupunkisuunniteluun.
Osatutkimukset tarkastelevat mobiiliosallistumista eri nÀkökulmista. EnsimmÀiseksi on kartoitettu millaisia kaupunkisuunnitteluun ja kaupunkien hallintaan osallistavia sovelluksia maailmassa oli kÀytössÀ vuoteen 2015 mennessÀ. Toiseksi on tutkittu, miten kansalaiset osallistuvat itse sovelluksien kehittÀmiseen avoimen datan kilpailuissa. Kolmanneksi on tutkittu edellytyksiÀ mobiiliosallistumiselle, perustaen tarkastelu sosiaalisiin ja poliittisiin osallistumisteorioihin sekÀ digitaalisen kuilun ylittÀmistÀ koskeviin tutkimuksiin. NeljÀnnessÀ osatutkimuksessa esitellÀÀn Turussa 2015 toteutetun mobiiliosallistumisen kokeilun (TÀsÀ) tuloksia ja viidennessÀ kÀsitellÀÀn mobiiliteknologian kÀyttöÀ kaupunkilaisten itse-organisoituvassa osallistumisessa.
Tulokset kertovat miten teknologiset ominaisuudet muuttavat osallistuvaa kaupunkisuunnittelua, mikÀ ja mitkÀ tahot vaikuttavat sovellusten kehittÀmiseen avoimella datalla, ja millÀ ehdoilla mobiililaitteiden avulla voidaan saavuttaa laaja osallistuminen. Mobiililaitteet ovat jo nyt ihmisten mukana kaikkialla. Niiden ominaisuudet mahdollistavat osallistumisen paikan pÀÀllÀ (situated engagement) ja osallistumisen sensoridatan kerÀÀmiseen (participatory sensing) ja siten uusiin ja aiempaa monipuolisempiin kÀyttÀjÀ- ja paikkalÀhtöisiin analyyseihin. TÀmÀ ominaisuudet ovat olleet houkuttelevia aikaisille omaksujille. Institutionaalista tukea kuitenkin tarvitaan, ettÀ uuden teknologian mahdollisuudet voidaan tehdÀ tutuksi laajalle yleisölle. Mobiiliosallistuminen on myös monipuolistanut osallistumisrooleja: sen avulla kansalaiset voivat aiempaan helpommin valita mitÀ informaatiota saavat, esittÀÀ omia ideoitaan ja kehittÀÀ omia sovelluksia.Avoimen datan kilpailuissa kehitetyt sovellukset ovat kompromissi kehittÀjien tavoitteiden ja kÀytössÀ olevan datan vÀlillÀ.
Kokonaisuudessaan vĂ€itöskirja esittÀÀ, ettĂ€ mobiiliosallistuminen on sosiaalisesti rakentunutta, siinĂ€ mÀÀrin kuin sen ominaisuudet ja kĂ€ytĂ€nnöt mÀÀrittyvĂ€t eri tahojen intressien yhteensovittamisessa. TĂ€mĂ€n vuoksi mobiiliosallistuminen kĂ€sitteellistyy âsuurimmaks sallituksi poikkeamaksiâ: se mahdollistaa uusia kĂ€ytĂ€ntöjĂ€ jotka muokkaavat kansalaisten osallistumista samalla kun ne ovat jo osa vakiintunutta kansalaisten osallistumista
From top-down land use planning intelligence to bottom-up stakeholder engagement for smart cities â A case study: DECUMANUS service products
Copyright © 2017 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. Intelligence delivered by earth observation (EO) satellites performs a vital role in supporting ICT enabled urban governance, and the creation of decision making tools delivering integrated urban planning. This paper reviews the DECUMANUS project experience, detailing the development of the EO derived tools, and evaluating the service products that facilitate the deployment of top-down expertise in land use planning. The central purpose of the paper is to assess the potential for use of these DECUMANUS high resolution EO images and data, also to support bottom-up participatory planning, promoting co-design. It is concluded: 1) EO derived images and associated data offer great opportunity to deliver top-down decision making tools, which combined with auxiliary data, including participatory sensing data, effectively support integrated urban planning; 2) EO derived images also offer substantial potential as communication tools, enabling citizens to make more informed and responsible choices and participate in co-designed urban planning
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