Bit error rate estimation in WiMAX communications at vehicular speeds using Nakagami-m fading model

The wireless communication industry has experienced a rapid technological evolution from its basic first generation (1G) wireless systems to the latest fourth generation (4G) wireless broadband systems. Wireless broadband systems are becoming increasingly popular with consumers and the technological strength of 4G has played a major role behind the success of wireless broadband systems. The IEEE 802.16m standard of the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) has been accepted as a 4G standard by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers in 2011. The IEEE 802.16m is fully optimised for wireless communications in fixed environments and can deliver very high throughput and excellent quality of service. In mobile communication environments however, WiMAX consumers experience a graceful degradation of service as a direct function of vehicular speeds. At high vehicular speeds, the throughput drops in WiMAX systems and unless proactive measures such as forward error control and packet size optimisation are adopted and properly adjusted, many applications cannot be facilitated at high vehicular speeds in WiMAX communications. For any proactive measure, bit error rate estimation as a function of vehicular speed, serves as a useful tool. In this thesis, we present an analytical model for bit error rate estimation in WiMAX communications using the Nakagami-m fading model. We also show, through an analysis of the data collected from a practical WiMAX system, that the Nakagami-m model can be made adaptive as a function of speed, to represent fading in fixed environments as well as mobile environments

Economically sustainable public security and emergency network exploiting a broadband communications satellite

The research contributes to work in Rapid Deployment of a National Public Security and Emergency Communications Network using Communication Satellite Broadband. Although studies in Public Security Communication networks have examined the use of communications satellite as an integral part of the Communication Infrastructure, there has not been an in-depth design analysis of an optimized regional broadband-based communication satellite in relation to the envisaged service coverage area, with little or no terrestrial last-mile telecommunications infrastructure for delivery of satellite solutions, applications and services. As such, the research provides a case study of a Nigerian Public Safety Security Communications Pilot project deployed in regions of the African continent with inadequate terrestrial last mile infrastructure and thus requiring a robust regional Communications Satellite complemented with variants of terrestrial wireless technologies to bridge the digital hiatus as a short and medium term measure apart from other strategic needs. The research not only addresses the pivotal role of a secured integrated communications Public safety network for security agencies and emergency service organizations with its potential to foster efficient information symmetry amongst their operations including during emergency and crisis management in a timely manner but demonstrates a working model of how analogue spectrum meant for Push-to-Talk (PTT) services can be re-farmed and digitalized as a “dedicated” broadband-based public communications system. The network’s sustainability can be secured by using excess capacity for the strategic commercial telecommunication needs of the state and its citizens. Utilization of scarce spectrum has been deployed for Nigeria’s Cashless policy pilot project for financial and digital inclusion. This effectively drives the universal access goals, without exclusivity, in a continent, which still remains the least wired in the world

5G innovation opportunities-- A discussion paper

On the shaping of 5G technologies and networks, scope for wider service and applications innovation and UK strengths and opportunities

Análisis del despliegue de comunicaciones de misión crítica sobre redes 4G y 5G

250 p.El gran interés por la convivencia y la futura convergencia de las redes de seguridad pública en redesde misión crítica de banda ancha se refleja en el importante esfuerzo en publicaciones y normalización de los últimos años. Sin embargo, no se ha analizado la QoS (Calidad de servicio) de los nuevos servicios de misión crítica cuando se implementan en arquitecturas 4G / 5G.La principal motivación de este investigador es COMUNICARSE y hacerlo de la manera más rigurosaposible y que su MENSAJE contribuya al aumento de la confianza en los servicios de misión crítica(MC) desplegados en redes 4G, 5G de banda ancha, etc. El 3GPP se ha esforzado en horas, recursos ydinero en la estandarización de los servicios de emergencia de acuerdo con los requerimientos delas agencias PPDR (Public Protection Disaster Recovery).Para llevar a cabo esta investigación, que se presenta en esta publicación, se ha logrado reunir al equipo del proyecto FP7 GERYON, con quien, en julio de 2014, se pudo definir e implementar una arquitectura ALL-IP que permitió interoperar recursos conectados a redes de radio privadas.(TETRA) con usuarios registrados en redes de banda ancha LTE. En 2014, el 3GPP estaba construyendo los cimientos del estándar MCPTT (Push to Talk de misión crítica), pero cuando comenzó este proyecto en diciembre de 2011, era la OMA la que había desarrollado un estándar llamado POC (Push to Talk Over Cellular), precursor del MCPTT y que se implementó en GERYON.Después de GERYON, la vida profesional del equipo siguió caminos paralelos. El equipo del departamento de investigación de la UPV / EHU continuó trabajando en la estandarización de los servicios de misión crítica de 3GPP. Al igual que este proyecto, partió del PoC que tan bien conocían,colocando al departamento en un referente internacional en el estudio, desarrollo e implementación del estándar MCPTT de 3GPP. En enero de 2018 este investigador se incorporó aNQaS en la UPV / EHU. Se ha dispuesto de la gran oportunidad de utilizar para mi investigación una de las pocas redes operativas de banda ancha de misión crítica disponibles en todo el mundo. Como investigador se ha tenido el privilegio de poder analizar y medir el desempeño del servicio MCPTT.No es fácil para un investigador tener dicha infraestructura a menos que trabaje en el equipo que ha desarrollado e implementado una de ellas.La motivación para hacer esta investigación ha sido doble. Por un lado, tener el privilegio de podertestear todas las funcionalidades del servicio MCPTT que, a pesar de los nuevos requerimientos de datos exigidos por las organizaciones de seguridad, defensa y emergencia, sin duda seguirá siendo lapiedra angular de las comunicaciones de cualquier organización. Por otro lado, como diseñador y desarrollador de soluciones en la tecnología precursora, ha permitido al investigador adquirir más rápidamente los conocimientos necesarios del servicio MCPTT para poder hacer propuestas de despliegues de este servicio con el objetivo de reducir las latencias del servicio. Un recurso debepoder establecer una nueva llamada en menos de 1000 ms, estar incluido en una llamada de grupo en menos de 300 ms y el tiempo entre un recurso que habla y su mensaje que llega a todos los miembros registrados de ese grupo no debe exceder los 300 ms.El trabajo reflejado en esta publicación es el resultado de estudiar el funcionamiento del servicio no solo a nivel funcional, sino sobre todo a nivel de protocolo de red (TCP / UDP), señalización (SIP) ydatos (RTP, RTCP o sRTP).). Estos servicios se despliegan sobre redes de banda ancha que incluyen latencia de servicio, por lo que una parte importante del tiempo de investigación se ha centrado en el conocimiento detallado del canal de transporte y cómo éste puede afectar el cumplimiento de los indicadores de calidad. del servicio definido por el 3GPP para el servicio MCPTT.Esta tesis analiza el despliegue de las comunicaciones de misión crítica sobre redes de banda ancha.4G y 5G. Partiendo de un escenario base de cálculo LTE se plantean diferentes estrategias de despliegue empleando tecnologías habilitadoras como NFV y SDN que harán posible que se puedandesplegar estos servicios en los extremos de la red del operador (MEC). El despliegue de los servicios cerca del usuario final reducirá los tiempos de latencia de comunicaciones y la separación del canal de control del de datos propuestos por CUPS permitirá al canal de control poder gestionar el incremento de ancho de banda disponible en 5G. Todas las estrategias de despliegue indicadas para 5G, se completará con la propuesta de despliegue sobre la arquitectura 5G NSA (Non Standalone)que permitirá reducir los tiempos de latencia de las comunicaciones en la parte radio de la arquitectura, además de beneficiarse de las tecnologías habilitadoras mencionadas que ahora forman parte de forma nativa de la arquitectura 5G. A diferencia de una arquitectura 5G SA(Standalone), en esta tesis hemos considerado como núcleo de red el EPC de la arquitectura 4G y no el nuevo núcleo 5G. (5GC).Por lo indicado en las líneas anteriores, en esta tesis comenzará abordando el funcionamiento de las redes de banda ancha sobre las que se pueden despliegan los servicios de misión crítica MCPTT:redes 4G y 5G NSA (Non Standalone), 5G SA (Standalone). Pero también se presentarán tecnologías habilitadoras que permiten la de virtualización de servicios (NFV), el despliegue de estos en elextremo de la red del operador (MEC), así cómo, la separación del canal de control del de los datos propuestos en CUPS ya se puede implementada en redes 4G gracias a SDN

Research and Technology, 1998

This report selectively summarizes the NASA Lewis Research Center's research and technology accomplishments for the fiscal year 1998. It comprises 134 short articles submitted by the staff scientists and engineers. The report is organized into five major sections: Aeronautics, Research and Technology, Space, Engineering and Technical Services, and Commercial Technology. A table of contents and an author index have been developed to assist readers in finding articles of special interest. This report is not intended to he a comprehensive summary of all the research and technology work done over the past fiscal year. Most of the work is reported in Lewis-published technical reports, journal articles, and presentations prepared by Lewis staff and contractors. In addition, university grants have enabled faculty members and graduate students to engage in sponsored research that is reported at technical meetings or in journal articles. For each article in this report, a Lewis contact person has been identified, and where possible, reference documents are listed so that additional information can be easily obtained. The diversity of topics attests to the breadth of research and technology being pursued and to the skill mix of the staff that makes it possible. At the time of publication, NASA Lewis was undergoing a name change to the NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field

Header Compression and Signal Processing for Wideband Communication Systems.

This thesis is dedicated to the investigation, development and practical verification of header compression and signal processing techniques over TErrestrial Trunked RAdio (TETRA), TETRA Enhanced Data Services (TEDS) and Power Line Communication (PLC). TETRA release I is a narrowband private mobile radio technology used by safety and security organizations, while TEDS is a widebandsystem. With the introduction of IP support, TEDS enables multimedia based applications and services to communicate across communication systems. However the IP extension for TEDS comes at a cost of significant header contributions with the payload. With small application payloads and fast rate application traffic profiles, the header contribution in the total size of the packet is considerably more than the actual application payload. This overhead constitutes the considerable slot capacity at the physical layer of TEDS and PLC. Advanced header compression techniques such as Robust Header Compression (RoHC) compress the huge header sizes and offer significant compression gain without compromising quality of service (QoS). Systems can utilize this bandwidth to transmit more information payload than control information. In this study, the objective is to investigate the integration of RoHC in TEDS and design a novel IPv6 enabled protocol stack for PLC with integrated RoHC. The purpose of the study is also to investigate the throughput optimization technique such as RoHC over TEDS and PLC by simulating different traffic profile classes and to illustrate the benefit of using RoHC over TEDS and PLC. The thesis also aims to design and simulate the TEDS physical layer for the purpose of investigating the performance of higher order modulation schemes. Current TEDS, standards are based on the transmission frequencies above 400MHz range, however with delays in the standardization of broadband TETRA, it is important to explore all possible avenues to extend the capacity of the system. The research concludes the finding of the application of RoHC for TEDS and PLC, against different traffic classes and propagation channels. The benefit of using RoHC in terms of saving bandwidth, slot capacity and other QoS parameters is presented along with integration aspects into TEDS and PLC communication stacks. The study also presents the TEDS physical layer simulation results for modulation schemes and transmission frequency other than specified in the standard. The research results presented in this thesis have been published in international symposiums and professional journals. The application of the benefits of using RoHC for TEDS has been proposed to the ETSI TETRA for contribution to the TETRA standard under STF 378. Simulation results for the investigation of characteristics of ?/4 DQPSK performance below 200 MHz have also been also presented to ETSI TETRA as a contribution to the existing TEDS standard. The Results presented for the design of IPv6 enabled stacked with integrated RoHC have been submitted as deliverable under the FP-7 project DLC+VIT4IP. All the results, simulations and investigations presented in the thesis have been carried out through the platform provided by HW Communication Ltd

Public safety mobile broadband: draft report

The draft report was released on 23 September 2015. You are invited to examine the report and to make written submissions by Wednesday 28 October 2015. This draft report looks at the best way to deliver a Public Safety Mobile Broadband (PSMB) capability for emergency services that is reliable, interoperable and works across Australia. The final report will be released in December 2015. Key points Public safety mobile broadband (PSMB) holds considerable potential to improve how the police, fire, ambulance and other public safety agencies (PSAs) deliver their services. It will allow frontline officers to access high-speed video, images, location tracking and much more. PSAs currently rely on their own radio networks for voice communications and some low-speed data. Mobile broadband use has been modest due to concerns that the quality of commercial services is insufficient to support \u27mission critical\u27 operations. The network capacity that PSAs require is uncertain. PSAs are seeking a higher quality of service than what is currently available on commercial networks. However, the standards required (in terms of coverage, reliability, security, priority access and so on) are not specific. There are many ways to provide a PSMB capability, including the construction of a dedicated network, a commercial approach, or some combination (hybrid) of the two. A dedicated network would give PSAs access to (and control over) their own PSMB network using their own parcel of spectrum. A commercial approach would mean that PSAs obtain PSMB services from one or more of the commercial mobile carriers through a contract for service. The Commission has undertaken an illustrative evaluation of the costs of several specific delivery options over a 20-year period. The cost of a dedicated network was estimated to be in the order of $6.1 billion, compared to$2.1 billion for a commercial option. Even the lowest-cost hybrid option is twice as expensive as a commercial option. A commercial option is cheaper because it requires significantly less \u27new investment\u27 than a dedicated or hybrid option as considerable existing infrastructure could be used or shared. Risk factors also influence the relative merits of different options. A dedicated network would likely take longer to deliver and offer less flexibility to scale up network capacity in the short term, relative to other options. Providing priority services under commercial or hybrid options would be more technically complex than under a dedicated option. There are also commercial risks arising from limited competition and supplier \u27lock-in\u27. The benefits of each option are not expected to vary markedly, since the options under evaluation have been designed to deliver a similar level of PSMB capability. On that basis, the cost evaluation is likely to provide the best guide to net community benefit for each option. On first principles, a commercial approach represents the most efficient, effective and economical way of delivering a PSMB capability to PSAs. Small-scale trials would provide an opportunity for jurisdictions to gain confidence in a commercial approach; gauge the costs, benefits and risks of PSMB; and develop a business case for a wider-scale roll out. Competitive procurement is essential. Splitting up tenders, leveraging infrastructure assets and insisting on open technology standards can help governments secure value for money. Achieving interoperability will require jurisdictions to agree on common technical standards. PSAs will also need to adapt their operations to make the most of PSMB. This includes protocols for sharing information and network capacity among agencies. Spectrum allocation is an Australian Government responsibility. Any spectrum made available for PSMB should be priced at its opportunity cost to support its efficient use

Advanced Communication and Control Methods for Future Smartgrids

Proliferation of distributed generation and the increased ability to monitor different parts of the electrical grid offer unprecedented opportunities for consumers and grid operators. Energy can be generated near the consumption points, which decreases transmission burdens and novel control schemes can be utilized to operate the grid closer to its limits. In other words, the same infrastructure can be used at higher capacities thanks to increased efficiency. Also, new players are integrated into this grid such as smart meters with local control capabilities, electric vehicles that can act as mobile storage devices, and smart inverters that can provide auxiliary support. To achieve stable and safe operation, it is necessary to observe and coordinate all of these components in the smartgrid