Bibliographical review on cyber attacks from a control oriented perspective

This paper presents a bibliographical review of definitions, classifications and applications concerning cyber attacks in networked control systems (NCSs) and cyber-physical systems (CPSs). This review tackles the topic from a control-oriented perspective, which is complementary to information or communication ones. After motivating the importance of developing new methods for attack detection and secure control, this review presents security objectives, attack modeling, and a characterization of considered attacks and threats presenting the detection mechanisms and remedial actions. In order to show the properties of each attack, as well as to provide some deeper insight into possible defense mechanisms, examples available in the literature are discussed. Finally, open research issues and paths are presented.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Reinforcement learning based anti-jamming schedule in cyber-physical systems

In this paper, the security issue of cyber-physical systems is investigated, where the observation data is transmitted from a sensor to an estimator through wireless channels disturbed by an attacker. The failure of this data transmission occurs, when the sensor accesses the channel that happens to be attacked by the jammer. Since the system performance measured by the estimation error depends on whether the data transmission is a success, the problem of selecting the channel to alleviate the attack effect is studied. Moreover, the state of each channel is time-variant due to various factors, such as path loss and shadowing. Motivated by energy conservation, the problem of selecting the channel with the best state is also considered. With the help of cognitive radio technique, the sensor has the ability of selecting a sequence of channels dynamically. Based on this, the problem of selecting the channel is resolved by means of reinforcement learning to jointly avoid the attack and enjoy the channel with the best state. A corresponding algorithm is presented to obtain the sequence of channels for the sensor, and its effectiveness is proved analytically. Numerical simulations further verify the derived results

A Comprehensive Survey on the Cyber-Security of Smart Grids: Cyber-Attacks, Detection, Countermeasure Techniques, and Future Directions

One of the significant challenges that smart grid networks face is cyber-security. Several studies have been conducted to highlight those security challenges. However, the majority of these surveys classify attacks based on the security requirements, confidentiality, integrity, and availability, without taking into consideration the accountability requirement. In addition, some of these surveys focused on the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) model, which does not differentiate between the application, session, and presentation and the data link and physical layers of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) model. In this survey paper, we provide a classification of attacks based on the OSI model and discuss in more detail the cyber-attacks that can target the different layers of smart grid networks communication. We also propose new classifications for the detection and countermeasure techniques and describe existing techniques under each category. Finally, we discuss challenges and future research directions