69,309 research outputs found
Power consumption modeling in optical multilayer networks
The evaluation of and reduction in energy consumption of backbone telecommunication networks has been a popular subject of academic research for the last decade. A critical parameter in these studies is the power consumption of the individual network devices. It appears that across different studies, a wide range of power values for similar equipment is used. This is a result of the scattered and limited availability of power values for optical multilayer network equipment. We propose reference power consumption values for Internet protocol/multiprotocol label switching, Ethernet, optical transport networking and wavelength division multiplexing equipment. In addition we present a simplified analytical power consumption model that can be used for large networks where simulation is computationally expensive or unfeasible. For illustration and evaluation purpose, we apply both calculation approaches to a case study, which includes an optical bypass scenario. Our results show that the analytical model approximates the simulation result to over 90% or higher and that optical bypass potentially can save up to 50% of power over a non-bypass scenario
Optimized Design of Survivable MPLS over Optical Transport Networks. Optical Switching and Networking
In this paper we study different options for the survivability implementation
in MPLS over Optical Transport Networks in terms of network resource usage and
configuration cost. We investigate two approaches to the survivability
deployment: single layer and multilayer survivability and present various
methods for spare capacity allocation (SCA) to reroute disrupted traffic. The
comparative analysis shows the influence of the traffic granularity on the
survivability cost: for high bandwidth LSPs, close to the optical channel
capacity, the multilayer survivability outperforms the single layer one,
whereas for low bandwidth LSPs the single layer survivability is more
cost-efficient. For the multilayer survivability we demonstrate that by mapping
efficiently the spare capacity of the MPLS layer onto the resources of the
optical layer one can achieve up to 22% savings in the total configuration cost
and up to 37% in the optical layer cost. Further savings (up to 9 %) in the
wavelength use can be obtained with the integrated approach to network
configuration over the sequential one, however, at the increase in the
optimization problem complexity. These results are based on a cost model with
actual technology pricing and were obtained for networks targeted to a
nationwide coverage
Recommended from our members
Multimedia delivery in the future internet
The term âNetworked Mediaâ implies that all kinds of media including text, image, 3D graphics, audio
and video are produced, distributed, shared, managed and consumed on-line through various networks,
like the Internet, Fiber, WiFi, WiMAX, GPRS, 3G and so on, in a convergent manner [1]. This white
paper is the contribution of the Media Delivery Platform (MDP) cluster and aims to cover the Networked
challenges of the Networked Media in the transition to the Future of the Internet.
Internet has evolved and changed the way we work and live. End users of the Internet have been confronted
with a bewildering range of media, services and applications and of technological innovations concerning
media formats, wireless networks, terminal types and capabilities. And there is little evidence that the pace
of this innovation is slowing. Today, over one billion of users access the Internet on regular basis, more
than 100 million users have downloaded at least one (multi)media file and over 47 millions of them do so
regularly, searching in more than 160 Exabytes1 of content. In the near future these numbers are expected
to exponentially rise. It is expected that the Internet content will be increased by at least a factor of 6, rising
to more than 990 Exabytes before 2012, fuelled mainly by the users themselves. Moreover, it is envisaged
that in a near- to mid-term future, the Internet will provide the means to share and distribute (new)
multimedia content and services with superior quality and striking flexibility, in a trusted and personalized
way, improving citizensâ quality of life, working conditions, edutainment and safety.
In this evolving environment, new transport protocols, new multimedia encoding schemes, cross-layer inthe
network adaptation, machine-to-machine communication (including RFIDs), rich 3D content as well as
community networks and the use of peer-to-peer (P2P) overlays are expected to generate new models of
interaction and cooperation, and be able to support enhanced perceived quality-of-experience (PQoE) and
innovative applications âon the moveâ, like virtual collaboration environments, personalised services/
media, virtual sport groups, on-line gaming, edutainment. In this context, the interaction with content
combined with interactive/multimedia search capabilities across distributed repositories, opportunistic P2P
networks and the dynamic adaptation to the characteristics of diverse mobile terminals are expected to
contribute towards such a vision.
Based on work that has taken place in a number of EC co-funded projects, in Framework Program 6 (FP6)
and Framework Program 7 (FP7), a group of experts and technology visionaries have voluntarily
contributed in this white paper aiming to describe the status, the state-of-the art, the challenges and the way
ahead in the area of Content Aware media delivery platforms
Security in transnational interoperable PPDR communications: threats and requirements
The relevance of cross border security operations
has been identified as a priority at European level for a long time.
A European network where Public Protection and Disaster Relief
(PPDR) forces share communications processes and a legal
framework would greatly enforce response to disaster recovery
and security against crime. Nevertheless, uncertainty on costs,
timescale and functionalities have slowed down the
interconnection of PPDR networks across countries and limited
the transnational cooperation of their PPDR forces so far. In this
context, the European research project ISITEP is aimed at
developing the legal, operational and technical framework to
achieve a cost effective solution for PPDR interoperability across
European countries. Inter alia, ISITEP project is specifying a
new Inter-System-Interface (ISI) interface for the
interconnection of current TETRA and TETRAPOL networks
that can be deployed over Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity.
This approach turns communications security as a central aspect
to consider when deploying the new IP ISI protocol between
PPDR national networks. Ensuring that threats to the
interconnected communications systems and terminals are
sufficiently and appropriately reduced by technical, procedural
and environmental countermeasures is vital to realise the trusted
and secure communication system needed for the pursued PPDR
transnational cooperation activities. In this context, this paper
describes the framework and methodology defined to carry out
the development of the security requirements and provides a
discussion on the undertaken security risk and vulnerability
analysis.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft
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