5,821 research outputs found
Index to Library Trends Volume 38
published or submitted for publicatio
An Investigative Study Of Patents From An Engineering Design Perspective
Preservation and reuse of valuable design experience aids in the design of new products and processes. Product design repositories are presently being used as a means to preserve and later reuse design knowledge. As such, patent databases such as the United States Patent office and the European Patent Office offer design knowledge in the form of patents. Unfortunately, these sources of novel design solutions do not appear to have been have not been effectively used in the context of engineering design. In this research, the role of patents in a systematic design process is reviewed understand its utility in the design process. A major hurdle, in the reuse of patent design knowledge, is the lack of formal tools to support designers in understanding and applying the available information to new problems. Information theory fundamentals are used to study patent claim text which describes the subject matter of the patent and to develop an understanding of the information content within the text claim and other representations of the claim. Graph based representations are recognized as an effective way to represent design information. They are considered as ideal for modeling patent claims as they enable the direct use of the information as input to existing design processes and tools, such as function models, the core product model, and function-behavior-structure scheme. This new approach provides a designer-friendly model of patent claims and also enables the use of intelligent search mechanisms. Existing graph based product representation schemas are studied for their suitability to model patent claims. A new representation tailored for patent claims is proposed since, the existing schemas where found to be insufficient to efficiently model patent claim. Patent claims modeled using multiple representation schemas are compared with the models developed using the proposed representation, for the information content captured from claim text. The representation technique proposed here may aid in the retrieval of the relevant patent design information, thereby promoting use of patent information to aid designers. Further refinement and evaluation of the scheme along with the development of grammar and ontologies for a vocabulary is needed. This representation scheme, with existing search and retrieval methods, should help designers in generating both novel and practical concepts based on patent information
A Convolutional Neural Network-based Patent Image Retrieval Method for Design Ideation
The patent database is often used in searches of inspirational stimuli for
innovative design opportunities because of its large size, extensive variety
and rich design information in patent documents. However, most patent mining
research only focuses on textual information and ignores visual information.
Herein, we propose a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based patent image
retrieval method. The core of this approach is a novel neural network
architecture named Dual-VGG that is aimed to accomplish two tasks: visual
material type prediction and international patent classification (IPC) class
label prediction. In turn, the trained neural network provides the deep
features in the image embedding vectors that can be utilized for patent image
retrieval and visual mapping. The accuracy of both training tasks and patent
image embedding space are evaluated to show the performance of our model. This
approach is also illustrated in a case study of robot arm design retrieval.
Compared to traditional keyword-based searching and Google image searching, the
proposed method discovers more useful visual information for engineering
design.Comment: 11 pages, 11 figure
Patent Data for Engineering Design: A Critical Review and Future Directions
Patent data have long been used for engineering design research because of
its large and expanding size, and widely varying massive amount of design
information contained in patents. Recent advances in artificial intelligence
and data science present unprecedented opportunities to develop data-driven
design methods and tools, as well as advance design science, using the patent
database. Herein, we survey and categorize the patent-for-design literature
based on its contributions to design theories, methods, tools, and strategies,
as well as the types of patent data and data-driven methods used in respective
studies. Our review highlights promising future research directions in patent
data-driven design research and practice.Comment: Accepted by JCIS
Keyword Based Search and its Limitations in the Patent Document to Secure the Idea from its Infringement
AbstractIntellectual Properties (IP's) are attracting progressively growing popularity for corporate houses and the academia in the current years. Patent system is one of them which generate high economical values of the IP rights. This in turn calls for the increased work responsibility of patent prior art search to generate effective patent search reports for the innovator (s). In the field of patent innovations, prior knowledge of innovative steps of the technologies developed so far must be known to innovator (s). In the present research work, technology/ patent search based on keywords has been investigated to arrive at the usefulness of the methodology particularly for the case of patent documents. The present paper helps to figure out the limitations and the scope of the methodology for patent prior art search based on extent of the keywords
Spherical harmonics coeffcients for ligand-based virtual screening of cyclooxygenase inhibitors
Background: Molecular descriptors are essential for many applications in computational chemistry, such as ligand-based similarity searching. Spherical harmonics have previously been suggested as comprehensive descriptors of molecular structure and properties. We investigate a spherical harmonics descriptor for shape-based virtual screening. Methodology/Principal Findings: We introduce and validate a partially rotation-invariant three-dimensional molecular shape descriptor based on the norm of spherical harmonics expansion coefficients. Using this molecular representation, we parameterize molecular surfaces, i.e., isosurfaces of spatial molecular property distributions. We validate the shape descriptor in a comprehensive retrospective virtual screening experiment. In a prospective study, we virtually screen a large compound library for cyclooxygenase inhibitors, using a self-organizing map as a pre-filter and the shape descriptor for candidate prioritization. Conclusions/Significance: 12 compounds were tested in vitro for direct enzyme inhibition and in a whole blood assay. Active compounds containing a triazole scaffold were identified as direct cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitors. This outcome corroborates the usefulness of spherical harmonics for representation of molecular shape in virtual screening of large compound collections. The combination of pharmacophore and shape-based filtering of screening candidates proved to be a straightforward approach to finding novel bioactive chemotypes with minimal experimental effort
Natural Language Processing in-and-for Design Research
We review the scholarly contributions that utilise Natural Language
Processing (NLP) methods to support the design process. Using a heuristic
approach, we collected 223 articles published in 32 journals and within the
period 1991-present. We present state-of-the-art NLP in-and-for design research
by reviewing these articles according to the type of natural language text
sources: internal reports, design concepts, discourse transcripts, technical
publications, consumer opinions, and others. Upon summarizing and identifying
the gaps in these contributions, we utilise an existing design innovation
framework to identify the applications that are currently being supported by
NLP. We then propose a few methodological and theoretical directions for future
NLP in-and-for design research
Special Libraries, January 1966
Volume 57, Issue 1https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/sla_sl_1966/1000/thumbnail.jp
Total Technology Space Map as a Digital Platform
A strand of recent studies utilized complete patent databases and classification systems to construct large network maps of patent technology classes, which might approximate the total technology space. It has been argued that such maps are useful for competitive intelligence analysis, technology road mapping, innovation decision support, and so on in the literature. In this paper, we illustrate the InnoGPS system to integrate such a map with various map-based visual analytic functions for technology navigation, positioning, neighborhood exploration, path finding and information retrieval. These analytics are either descriptive, predictive or prescriptive. During the process of developing InnoGPS, we have conceived a wide spectrum of other potential applications of the total technology space map for consumers, business, education and so on. These possibilities together with the difficulty to construct an accurate technology space representation suggest the strategic value to develop the total technology space map as a digital platform for any applications to discover, manage or represent any data, information and knowledge related to technologies, and to nurture an ecosystem of developers and users
Government Information Quarterly. Volume 7, no. 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Scientific and Technical Information Programs. Special issue
NASA scientific and technical information (STI) programs are discussed. Topics include management of information in a research and development agency, the new space and Earth science information systems at NASA's archive, scientific and technical information management, and technology transfer of NASA aerospace technology to other industries
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