Video event detection and visual data pro cessing for multimedia applications

Cette thèse (i) décrit une procédure automatique pour estimer la condition d'arrêt des méthodes de déconvolution itératives basées sur un critère d'orthogonalité du signal estimé et de son gradient à une itération donnée; (ii) présente une méthode qui décompose l'image en une partie géométrique (ou "cartoon") et une partie "texture" en utilisation une estimation de paramètre et une condition d'arrêt basées sur la diffusion anisotropique avec orthogonalité, en utilisant le fait que ces deux composantes. "cartoon" et "texture", doivent être indépendantes; (iii) décrit une méthode pour extraire d'une séquence vidéo obtenue à partir de caméra portable les objets de premier plan en mouvement. Cette méthode augmente la compensation de mouvement de la caméra par une nouvelle estimation basée noyau de la fonction de probabilité de densité des pixels d'arrière-plan. Les méthodes présentées ont été testées et comparées aux algorithmes de l'état de l'art.This dissertation (i) describes an automatic procedure for estimating the stopping condition of non-regularized iterative deconvolution methods based on an orthogonality criterion of the estimated signal and its gradient at a given iteration; (ii) presents a decomposition method that splits the image into geometric (or cartoon) and texture parts using anisotropic diffusion with orthogonality based parameter estimation and stopping condition, utilizing the theory that the cartoon and the texture components of an image should be independent of each other; (iii) describes a method for moving foreground object extraction in sequences taken by wearable camera, with strong motion, where the camera motion compensated frame differencing is enhanced with a novel kernel-based estimation of the probability density function of the background pixels. The presented methods have been thoroughly tested and compared to other similar algorithms from the state-of-the-art.BORDEAUX1-Bib.electronique (335229901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Recent Progress in Image Deblurring

This paper comprehensively reviews the recent development of image deblurring, including non-blind/blind, spatially invariant/variant deblurring techniques. Indeed, these techniques share the same objective of inferring a latent sharp image from one or several corresponding blurry images, while the blind deblurring techniques are also required to derive an accurate blur kernel. Considering the critical role of image restoration in modern imaging systems to provide high-quality images under complex environments such as motion, undesirable lighting conditions, and imperfect system components, image deblurring has attracted growing attention in recent years. From the viewpoint of how to handle the ill-posedness which is a crucial issue in deblurring tasks, existing methods can be grouped into five categories: Bayesian inference framework, variational methods, sparse representation-based methods, homography-based modeling, and region-based methods. In spite of achieving a certain level of development, image deblurring, especially the blind case, is limited in its success by complex application conditions which make the blur kernel hard to obtain and be spatially variant. We provide a holistic understanding and deep insight into image deblurring in this review. An analysis of the empirical evidence for representative methods, practical issues, as well as a discussion of promising future directions are also presented.Comment: 53 pages, 17 figure

The achievable performance of convex demixing

Demixing is the problem of identifying multiple structured signals from a superimposed, undersampled, and noisy observation. This work analyzes a general framework, based on convex optimization, for solving demixing problems. When the constituent signals follow a generic incoherence model, this analysis leads to precise recovery guarantees. These results admit an attractive interpretation: each signal possesses an intrinsic degrees-of-freedom parameter, and demixing can succeed if and only if the dimension of the observation exceeds the total degrees of freedom present in the observation

A Framework for Image Denoising Using First and Second Order Fractional Overlapping Group Sparsity (HF-OLGS) Regularizer

Denoising images subjected to Gaussian and Poisson noise has attracted attention in many areas of image processing. This paper introduces an image denoising framework using higher order fractional overlapping group sparsity prior to sparser image representation constraint. The proposed prior has a capability of avoiding staircase effects in both edges and oscillatory patterns (textures). We adopt the alternating direction method of multipliers for optimizing the proposed objective function by converting it into a constrained optimization problem using variable splitting approach. Finally, we conduct experiments on various degraded images and compare our results with those of several state-of-the-art methods. The numerical results show that the proposed fractional order image denoising framework improves the peak signal to noise ratio of an image by preserving the textures and eliminating the staircases effects. This leads to visually pleasant restored images which exhibit a higher value of Structural SIMilarity score when compared to that of other methods

Joint methods in imaging based on diffuse image representations

This thesis deals with the application and the analysis of different variants of the Mumford-Shah model in the context of image processing. In this kind of models, a given function is approximated in a piecewise smooth or piecewise constant manner. Especially the numerical treatment of the discontinuities requires additional models that are also outlined in this work. The main part of this thesis is concerned with four different topics. Simultaneous edge detection and registration of two images: The image edges are detected with the Ambrosio-Tortorelli model, an approximation of the Mumford-Shah model that approximates the discontinuity set with a phase field, and the registration is based on these edges. The registration obtained by this model is fully symmetric in the sense that the same matching is obtained if the roles of the two input images are swapped. Detection of grain boundaries from atomic scale images of metals or metal alloys: This is an image processing problem from materials science where atomic scale images are obtained either experimentally for instance by transmission electron microscopy or by numerical simulation tools. Grains are homogenous material regions whose atomic lattice orientation differs from their surroundings. Based on a Mumford-Shah type functional, the grain boundaries are modeled as the discontinuity set of the lattice orientation. In addition to the grain boundaries, the model incorporates the extraction of a global elastic deformation of the atomic lattice. Numerically, the discontinuity set is modeled by a level set function following the approach by Chan and Vese. Joint motion estimation and restoration of motion-blurred video: A variational model for joint object detection, motion estimation and deblurring of consecutive video frames is proposed. For this purpose, a new motion blur model is developed that accurately describes the blur also close to the boundary of a moving object. Here, the video is assumed to consist of an object moving in front of a static background. The segmentation into object and background is handled by a Mumford-Shah type aspect of the proposed model. Convexification of the binary Mumford-Shah segmentation model: After considering the application of Mumford-Shah type models to tackle specific image processing problems in the previous topics, the Mumford-Shah model itself is studied more closely. Inspired by the work of Nikolova, Esedoglu and Chan, a method is developed that allows global minimization of the binary Mumford-Shah segmentation model by solving a convex, unconstrained optimization problem. In an outlook, segmentation of flowfields into piecewise affine regions using this convexification method is briefly discussed

Recent Progress in Image Deblurring

This paper comprehensively reviews the recent development of image deblurring, including non-blind/blind, spatially invariant/variant deblurring techniques. Indeed, these techniques share the same objective of inferring a latent sharp image from one or several corresponding blurry images, while the blind deblurring techniques are also required to derive an accurate blur kernel. Considering the critical role of image restoration in modern imaging systems to provide high-quality images under complex environments such as motion, undesirable lighting conditions, and imperfect system components, image deblurring has attracted growing attention in recent years. From the viewpoint of how to handle the ill-posedness which is a crucial issue in deblurring tasks, existing methods can be grouped into five categories: Bayesian inference framework, variational methods, sparse representation-based methods, homography-based modeling, and region-based methods. In spite of achieving a certain level of development, image deblurring, especially the blind case, is limited in its success by complex application conditions which make the blur kernel hard to obtain and be spatially variant. We provide a holistic understanding and deep insight into image deblurring in this review. An analysis of the empirical evidence for representative methods, practical issues, as well as a discussion of promising future directions are also presented

Champs à phase aléatoire et champs gaussiens pour la mesure de netteté d’images et la synthèse rapide de textures

This thesis deals with the Fourier phase structure of natural images, and addresses no-reference sharpness assessment and fast texture synthesis by example. In Chapter 2, we present several models of random fields in a unified framework, like the spot noise model and the Gaussian model, with particular attention to the spectral representation of these random fields. In Chapter 3, random phase models are used to perform by-example synthesis of microtextures (textures with no salient features). We show that a microtexture can be summarized by a small image that can be used for fast and flexible synthesis based on the spot noise model. Besides, we address microtexture inpainting through the use of Gaussian conditional simulation. In Chapter 4, we present three measures of the global Fourier phase coherence. Their link with the image sharpness is established based on a theoretical and practical study. We then derive a stochastic optimization scheme for these indices, which leads to a blind deblurring algorithm. Finally, in Chapter 5, after discussing the possibility of direct phase analysis or synthesis, we propose two non random phase texture models which allow for synthesis of more structured textures and still have simple mathematical guarantees.Dans cette thèse, on étudie la structuration des phases de la transformée de Fourier d'images naturelles, ce qui, du point de vue applicatif, débouche sur plusieurs mesures de netteté ainsi que sur des algorithmes rapides pour la synthèse de texture par l'exemple. Le Chapitre 2 présente dans un cadre unifié plusieurs modèles de champs aléatoires, notamment les champs spot noise et champs gaussiens, en prêtant une attention particulière aux représentations fréquentielles de ces champs aléatoires. Le Chapitre 3 détaille l'utilisation des champs à phase aléatoire à la synthèse de textures peu structurées (microtextures). On montre qu'une microtexture peut être résumée en une image de petite taille s'intégrant à un algorithme de synthèse très rapide et flexible via le modèle spot noise. Aussi on propose un algorithme de désocclusion de zones texturales uniformes basé sur la simulation gaussienne conditionnelle. Le Chapitre 4 présente trois mesures de cohérence globale des phases de la transformée de Fourier. Après une étude théorique et pratique établissant leur lien avec la netteté d'image, on propose un algorithme de déflouage aveugle basé sur l'optimisation stochastique de ces indices. Enfin, dans le Chapitre 5, après une discussion sur l'analyse et la synthèse directe de l'information de phase, on propose deux modèles de textures à phases cohérentes qui permettent la synthèse de textures plus structurées tout en conservant quelques garanties mathématiques simples