GIS Oriented Service Optimization Tool For Fecal Sludge Collection

In developing countries most of the urban dwellers don’t have access to sewer system. People are mostly using “onsite” systems such as septic tanks or pit latrines that need to be emptied periodically, as the densely built urban environment won’t allow new pits to be dug every time they fill up. In the conventional fecal sludge collection systems, authorities are collecting the sludge from house to house and dump on the plant. Fecal sludge collection system is different from traditional vehicle routing and even from solid waste collection system in terms of dynamic collection points, urgency of getting the service and diversity of demand. Due to those vibrant factors authorities are facing proper networking and management problems. This research describes algorithms that can accommodate constraints and prioritized customers who need immediate service. The GPS log data of the fecal sludge collection truck that maintained by Nonthaburi Municipality, Thailand has been considered as the base data during the development of this application. Spatial analysis has been done using Geographic Information Systems (GIS).Tabu Search has been implemented in order to optimize. Basically two algorithms were produced for assisting fecal sludge collection systems. First algorithm was able to produce multiple trip for each vehicle if required considering all the customers having equal priority, time window. The second one was able to perform optimization that can accommodate priority along with the first one. Input for the algorithms were very simple; distance matrix having distance between each customers and plant, customer order with latitude, longitude, order unit, time window, priority and vehicles with capacity. Algorithms were able to produce better result than the actual operation or even from shortest path algorithm in term of distance. After optimization, efficiency of the algorithms were tested with the actual travelling distance. Travelling distance were reduced to half compare to actual cost and it ensured maximum utilization of vehicle capacity by allocating maximum number of customers in each route

Spatio-temporal Analysis of Open Waste Dumping Sites Using Google Earth : A Case Study of Kharagpur City, India

Google Earth provides high-resolution satellite images over a long period of historical time period which can be used to study land use/land cover (LULC) changes in any area over an extended period of time. In this study, Google Earth Pro was used to identify problems with current locations of solid waste dumping sites and conduct a time-series analysis of the areas occupied by waste dumping sites in Kharagpur city. Five dumping locations were studied of which three are official dumping sites, one is an illegal dumping site and the last one is an official dumping site which was cleaned in 2015. Satellite images of the same dumping locations were taken to evaluate changes in the areas of the dumping sites from 2010 to 2017. The results of the study show that most of the sites are situated very close to an airbase runway, railway line, residential area or highway/road which is in contravention of regulations. Time-series analysis shows that the sizes of all dumps have varied significantly with respect to time except for the unauthorized dumping site. The reasons behind the fluctuations in area are frequent burning of garbage and partial clean-up of the site due to local complaints. The methodology used in this study can be extended to an entire city or even several cities to find problems related to the existing illegal or official waste dumping site within a specific time period.acceptedVersionPeer reviewe

Environmental Impacts of Sandstone Quarrying and Its Waste : A Case Study of Jodhpur, India

Google Earth provides high resolution satellite images over a long period of time which can be used in various environmental and climate studies. In the present study, Google Earth was used to evaluate incremental trends in the quarrying area and associated environmental impacts. Keru region near Jodhpur city, India was selected as the study area for the present study. Time series analysis was done from 1990 to 2016 to evaluate increments in the quarrying area. After 2007, recently built stone cutting units and dumping locations were also observed. Land degradation around the quarrying zone was also quantified from 2007 to 2016 using Google Earth imagery. After time series analysis, extensive site survey was also done to check and verify different quarrying and dumping practices in the study area and their effect on the environment. The results of the time series analysis show 4.55 times increment in study area from 1990 to 2016, with a linear relationship between increment in study area along with emergence of new cutting units and waste dumping sites. Since 2007, about 71.4 hectare of agricultural land was destroyed due to quarrying activities out of which 24.3% of the land is now assimilated in sandstone quarries. Results of the site survey show that major reasons for onsite and nearby environmental degradation were use of improper machinery and vehicles; haphazard and unsystematic quarrying over a long period of time; and dumping of quarry waste.publishedVersionPeer reviewe

Integrated Waste Management

This book reports research on policy and legal issues, anaerobic digestion of solid waste under processing aspects, industrial waste, application of GIS and LCA in waste management, and a couple of research papers relating to leachate and odour management

Türk şehirleri için mekânsal suç analizi ile suç önleme stratejileri geliştirme: Keçiören örneği

The place-based crime prevention notion comes from the idea that the human behavior is influenced by the environment, so it is possible to prevent crime before it happens by controlling and managing the environment with a proper design. To create a more secure environment and better quality of life, it is necessary to analyze the physical and nonphysical factors that affect crime victimization in order to develop crime prevention strategies. In the thesis, a spatial model is developed to analyze the physical and nonphysical parameters of crime victimization in Turkish cities to develop place-based strategies for crime prevention. Five neighborhoods of Keçiören Municipality in Ankara is selected as the study area, concerning its typical urban structure of Turkish cities and the crime victimization problem. The analysis is performed for non-physical parameters at the macroscale, which defines 98 small statistical areas within 5 neighborhoods. Non-physical parameters are defined as socioeconomic variables, precautions taken against crime, and the perception of security. The micro analysis evaluates the relationship of physical parameters in a smaller representation unit as buildings, road segments and three different zones for buildings on the main roads, buildings behind the main roads, and buildings in the hinterland. The physical parameters are defined as the building density on road segments, target accessibility, the degree of road network, and building properties like the number of floors, the use of building, the availability of gardens, parcel walls, a defined entrance, the side of entrance, facing the public realm, and the availability of elevation differences in the building. The data used for the macro analysis are derived from a victim survey with 1744 samples applied to the households about their socio-economic status, the precaution methods they use, their attitude towards crime and the perception of security, and victimization for different crime types. The survey was prepared by Düzgün (2006) and funded by the State Planning Organization in 2007, under the name of the project “Developing Crime Prevention Strategies Based on vi Spatial Analysis in Urban Area”. In the macro analysis, the Socio-Economic Status index (SES), precaution, security, and victimization indexes are created by a multivariate statistical model, the Principle Component Analysis. The correlation between crime victimization and three different indexes are analyzed and the relationship between population density and land use and different crime victimization types is evaluated. In the micro analysis burglary victimization and physical parameters are evaluated for smaller representation units. Finally, the physical and non-physical variables are statistically tested with the regression analysis and with the results, place-based strategies are suggested to prevent crime in the study area and in Turkish cities.Ph.D. - Doctoral Progra