IP and ATM integration: A New paradigm in multi-service internetworking

ATM is a widespread technology adopted by many to support advanced data communication, in particular efficient Internet services provision. The expected challenges of multimedia communication together with the increasing massive utilization of IP-based applications urgently require redesign of networking solutions in terms of both new functionalities and enhanced performance. However, the networking context is affected by so many changes, and to some extent chaotic growth, that any approach based on a structured and complex top-down architecture is unlikely to be applicable. Instead, an approach based on finding out the best match between realistic service requirements and the pragmatic, intelligent use of technical opportunities made available by the product market seems more appropriate. By following this approach, innovations and improvements can be introduced at different times, not necessarily complying with each other according to a coherent overall design. With the aim of pursuing feasible innovations in the different networking aspects, we look at both IP and ATM internetworking in order to investigating a few of the most crucial topics/ issues related to the IP and ATM integration perspective. This research would also address various means of internetworking the Internet Protocol (IP) and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) with an objective of identifying the best possible means of delivering Quality of Service (QoS) requirements for multi-service applications, exploiting the meritorious features that IP and ATM have to offer. Although IP and ATM often have been viewed as competitors, their complementary strengths and limitations from a natural alliance that combines the best aspects of both the technologies. For instance, one limitation of ATM networks has been the relatively large gap between the speed of the network paths and the control operations needed to configure those data paths to meet changing user needs. IP\u27s greatest strength, on the other hand, is the inherent flexibility and its capacity to adapt rapidly to changing conditions. These complementary strengths and limitations make it natural to combine IP with ATM to obtain the best that each has to offer. Over time many models and architectures have evolved for IP/ATM internetworking and they have impacted the fundamental thinking in internetworking IP and ATM. These technologies, architectures, models and implementations will be reviewed in greater detail in addressing possible issues in integrating these architectures s in a multi-service, enterprise network. The objective being to make recommendations as to the best means of interworking the two in exploiting the salient features of one another to provide a faster, reliable, scalable, robust, QoS aware network in the most economical manner. How IP will be carried over ATM when a commercial worldwide ATM network is deployed is not addressed and the details of such a network still remain in a state of flux to specify anything concrete. Our research findings culminated with a strong recommendation that the best model to adopt, in light of the impending integrated service requirements of future multi-service environments, is an ATM core with IP at the edges to realize the best of both technologies in delivering QoS guarantees in a seamless manner to any node in the enterprise

Some aspects of a code division multiple access local area network

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Sinalização de media gateways em redes de próxima geração

Mestrado em Engenharia Electrónica e TelecomunicaçõesCom o grande crescimento das comunicações móveis e fixas, o acesso à Internet tornou-se cada vez mais numa exigência, colocando à industria das Telecomunicações, especialmente aos operadores, grandes desafios. Serviços comuns como chamadas de voz, podem agora ser oferecidos pelos Internet Service Providers (ISPs) aos seus clientes sobre a forma de serviço Voice over IP (VoIP). Este serviço deixou de ser exclusivo das redes Public Switched Telephone Network/Integrated Services Digital Network (PSTN/ISDN) e passou a ser fornecido também na Internet. Mas devido à necessidade de manter as tradicionais redes PSTN/ISDN, houve a necessidade de criar um ambiente de convergência, não só para estas redes mas também para outros tipos de redes de acesso, independentemente da tecnologia. É neste campo que os organismos de normalização e os operadores têm dado os seus contributos, criando uma rede de controlo e de transporte comum baseada em IP para a convergência de serviços. Inicialmente o 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) definiu uma arquitectura de convergência móvel com a rede IP, constituída por elementos de controlo, transporte e serviço, de nome IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). Mais tarde, esta arquitectura serviu de base (core) para o grupo TISPAN do European Telecommunications Standard Institute (ETSI) na normalização das Redes de Próxima Geração. Esta Dissertação pretende dar uma resposta à convergência fixo-móvel no âmbito da arquitectura PSTN/ISDN Emulation Subsystem (PES) do TISPAN. Este sistema permite que todos os clientes de uma Rede de Próxima Geração de um operador acedam a serviços das redes PSTN/ISDN e Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) de uma forma simples e imperceptível. Com este intuito foram desenvolvidos cenários de testes para os sistemas Trunking e de Acesso da arquitectura PES, tendo como objectivo final a sua integração na plataforma de próxima geração Service Handling on ip NETworks (SHipNET). Esta Dissertação experimenta várias situações reais de chamadas de voz sobre os cenários de testes, e inicia a implementação de um novo elemento definido para a arquitectura PES, Access Gateway Control Function (AGCF), para o controlo de Media Gateways nas redes de Acesso. ABSTRACT: With the big growth of mobile and fixed communications, Internet access has become a requirement, putting the telecommunication industry, and especially the operators, in front of a major challenge. Services such as voice calls can now be offered by Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to their customers. This service is no longer exclusive of Public Switched Telephone Network/Integrated Services Digital Network (PSTN/ISDN) and is now provided also through the Internet. But, because of the need to maintain the traditional PSTN/ISDN networks, there was a need to create a convergence, not only for these networks but also for other types of access networks, regardless of technology. The standards bodies and operators have made their contributions to create a network of control and transport policy, based on IP, for the services convergence. In the beginning the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) defined an architecture for mobile convergence with IP network, made up of control, transport and service elements, called IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). Later, the core IMS served the ETSI TISPAN group in standardization of Next Generation Networks. This thesis aims to give an answer for fixed-mobile convergence within the architecture defined by TISPAN PSTN/ISDN Emulation Subsystem (PES). This system, formed by a Trunking, originally defined by the 3GPP IMS, and Access part, allows all customers of a Next Generation Network operator, access to PSTN/ISDN and Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) network services in a simple way. With this purpose, scenarios were developed for Trunking and Access systems of PES arquitecture, with the goal to integrate into the next generation platform Service Handling on ip NETworks (SHipNET). This thesis tests several real situations of voice calls on testing scenarios, and begins the implementation of a new element defined for PES arquitecture, Access Gateway Control Function (AGCF), for Media Gateways control purpose in access networks

The internet integrated intelligent network

This thesis is based on research, design and prototype implementation work done towards defining an Intelligent Network system integrated with Internet functionality and potential services to be provided by such a system. The main driving force behind the project has been an idea to explore the possibility of adding value to services offered by the two most ubiquitous public communication networks of today, by connecting those networks. The goal of the project was to define such a connection and the services that would become possible through its existence. The thesis begins with presenting the background to the project. First of all, it contains the definition and description of Intelligent Networks, as the standard means of providing, in telephone networks, services other than basic connectivity. Further, it defines the Internet and looks at the already existent computer network - telephone network integration systems. In the second part of the thesis, the design of the Internet-Integrated Intelligent Network (DIN) system is laid out. The IHN has been defined using definition methods already standard for the IN, as far as this was possible with regard to the entirely different nature of the Internet. The fundamental role of the World Wide Web Internet application in the functioning of the designed system is shown. Following the research and design work description is an account of the implementation work done to build an IIIN prototype and a group of sample services chosen and implemented to demonstrate IIIN functionality. This account includes a list of demonstration scenarios that have successfully been tested on the system prototype

Tutorial voz sobre IP (VOIP)

El desarrollo de las telecomunicaciones y en particular de Internet ha hecho que tecnologías como la telefonía IP (Internet Protocol) comiencen a ser una realidad tanto en el mundo de los negocios como del ocio. Originalmente la voz y los datos se han transmitido a través de sistemas completamente separados. Sin embargo, hoy en día es posible realizar las comunicaciones de voz en las redes internas de las organizaciones utilizando el protocolo IP de Internet, de forma que, al menos en nuevos edificios, ya no existe la necesidad de instalar una red telefónica. En las comunicaciones que se realizan actualmente en las oficinas, el acceso a las redes de datos es tan importante como las comunicaciones telefónicas. En ambos casos, la información se transmite como señales digitales. Sin embargo, voz y datos son transportados sobre sistemas completamente separados, una vestigio de los tiempos en que la telefonía se basaba en la transmisión de señales analógicas y los ordenadores se encontraban en su etapa inicial de desarrollo.Incluye bibliografí

Internet gateway discovery for mobile ad hoc networks

This thesis analyses Internet connectivity for Mobile Ad-hoc JVETworks (MANETs). A MANET consists of a number of mobile nodes, interconnected wirelessly, that together form a network without explicit routers and centralised instances. Ad-hoc routing protocols are utilised for discovering routes between nodes of the MANET whereas a route may consist of multiple relay nodes that forward data from a source to a destination node (multihop route). In order to connect nodes of a MANET to the Internet an interface node is introduced. This interface node is called an Internet gateway that must initially be discovered by the MANET nodes to gain Internet connectivity. Therefore extended ad-hoc routing protocols are used. In general, there exist two well-established approaches for discovering an Internet gateway. The first well-established approach is called the proactive approach, where Internet gateways flood the MANET periodically whereas in the second well-established approach nodes of the MANET solicit for Internet gateways reactively. Both approaches use MANET flooding for discovering an Internet gateway and MANET flooding is known to increase the protocol overhead in MANETS. The main objective of the research presented in this thesis is to develop an Internet gateway discovery algorithm that avoids MANET flooding and to investigate the new algorithm in terms of the control message overhead and the provided throughput to the mobile nodes of the MANET by simulations. Additionally in the thesis a protocol efficiency index is derived from simulation results to allow a fast comparison between simulation results with different parameters. This thesis presents the new HELLO message based algorithm for Internet gateway discovery. HELLO messages are a typical element of MANET routing protocols used for neighbourhood management and are now enhanced for Internet gateway discovery. By avoiding MANET flooding the control message overhead is minimised. The HELLO message based algorithm for Internet gateway discovery is examined and investigated by simulations and it shows a decrease of the control message overhead of up to 2.6 times compared to the well-established approaches in the simulated scenario setups. Furthermore the thesis presents two extensions to the well-established and the HELLO message based Internet gateway discovery algorithms. The first extension utilises additional control messages in order to optimise a multihop route from the Internet gateway to an ad-hoc mobile node. This first extension applies only for proactive algorithms for Internet gateway discovery and it provides a benefit in terms of data throughput to mobile nodes by 10% in the scenario setup simulated in this thesis. The second extension allows mobile nodes of a MANET to choose between multiple discovered Internet gateways. The selection to which Internet gateway a MANET node connects to is based upon a certain newly presented metric. This new metric is based on the length of a MANET route and the amount of traffic an Internet gateway is already forwarding. Simulations show a benefit of up to 438% in terms of throughput depending on the actual scenario setup