Analysis of Current Status of Poultry Value Chain in Ethiopia: Implication for Information Generation and Exchange: A Review

The objective of this paper was to review the current status of poultry value chain in Ethiopia. According to the recent findings, there are about 59.5 million Chickens in Ethiopia. Out of the total chickens mentioned, 54.1 million (90.85%) are indigenous, 2.6 million (4.39%) are exotic and 2.8 million (4.76%) are hybrids. Scholars explained that poultry production in Ethiopia can be classified in various ways such as small, medium and large with yet poorly developed and traditional poultry value chain. Reports have shown that the poultry value chain distribution approach has been better practiced than the input-output approach mainly under smallholder production system. However: in large scale production system, both the input-output and the poultry value chain distribution approach have been undergone following the dynamics of poultry technologies and involvement of both national and international poultry research institutions (EIAR and ILRI), investments and interventions. Researchers indicated that the flow of information along the poultry value chain (Poultry Value chain Mapping) has not yet thoroughly investigated. Reports have shown that the poultry value chain actors are variable along the different areas of Ethiopia. Some of the poultry value chain actors studied were  chicken multiplier and distributors as input supplier, poultry producers(for production purpose),poultry collectors and transporters, poultry wholesalers and retailers, restaurants and cafeterias and consumers (end users) as in the case of North Ethiopia (Adwa areas). Moreover; some of the poultry value chain actors in Southern part of the country were poultry producers, urban assemblers and Village assemblers, Wholesalers and retailers, Brokers, Processors, Supermarkets, Hotels and restaurants and consumers. Scholars have shown that the poultry value chain enabling environment has not yet conducive enough. The tax systems (import of essential inputs) have been indicated to quite challenging. The shortages of Foreign exchange, adequate supply of feed and insufficient knowledge base have additionally been cited as major hindrances of the poultry value chain. Literatures have shown that there has been a chronic shortage of day old chicks and fragmentation of distribution channels in the country. Some of the opportunities of poultry value chain have been mentioned as existence of governmental (MoAL) and non-governmental institutions (ILRI and Commercial companies), higher recent government prioritization and high population size (over 100 million). The poultry value chain is very fragmented and poor .The poultry production taxing system is also inadequate requiring key researches and policy interventions. Therefore, it is appropriate to recommend that there should be a need to develop clear policies and strategies for poultry value chain in Ethiopia through integrated effort of public and private sectors. There should also be capacity building (More practical oriented training) along the entire poultry value chain in the country as a whole. Keywords: Analysis, Poultry, Value chain, Status, Ethiopi

Analysis of the retail survey of products that carry welfare- claims and of non-retailer led assurance schemes whose logos accompany welfare-claims.

This report serves two aims. Firstly, this report contains analysis of the retail audit (sub-deliverable 1.2.2.1) of welfare-friendly food products in the 6 study countries. The report gives the results of an emerging comparative analysis of the ‘market’ for welfare-friendly food products in the 6 study countries. It also outlines ‘non-retailer’ led schemes1 whose products occurred in the study. In this way, an emerging picture of the actual product ranges, that make claims about welfare-friendliness, will be drawn based on fieldwork carried out from November 2004 until April 2005. Also, the report explores how the different legislative and voluntary standards on animal welfare compare across different countries and how these actively advertise their welfare-friendlier component to consumers through food packaging. <br/

FROM PAPER TO PLASTIC BY 2002: RETAILERS' PERSPECTIVE ON ELECTRONIC BENEFIT TRANSFER SYSTEMS FOR FOOD STAMPS

The Food Stamp Program (FSP) is working under the deadline of October 1, 2002, to coordinate a change from the current paper disbursement system of paper food stamps to an electronic transfer system of benefits, known as EBT. The Food and Nutrition Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture has been studying the effectiveness of differing vehicles for benefit dispersal since the inception of the FSP in the 1960's. The merits of a direct cash payment have been compared to those of the paper system by the USDA and an array of professional groups and research organizations. The adoption of the electronic benefit transfer (EBT) system engenders a new set of questions about the effects of EBT on benefit recipients, retailers and the administering government agencies. Issues surrounding the transition from paper to plastic are still problematic for retailers in spite of the rapidly approaching deadline. National interoperability of EBT as well as fees involved with EBT operation are still points of contention for retailers. Anecdotal evidence from retailers also point to kinks in the institutional operation of EBT. Peak-loading problems with the electronic network system generate a host of undesirable consequences for benefit recipients and retailers. These problems impede the electronic system from taking advantage of the positive network effects that could arise from this new technology.Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty, Marketing, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,

Technology transfer, policies, and the role of the private sector in the global poultry revolution:

"With the Biotech Revolution, questions are being asked about what role the government should play in the process—does public research in developing countries play a role? Can governments speed the spread of technology by offering complementary services? Unlike the public investment–driven Green Revolution in cereals, the “Poultry Revolution” in developing countries was driven by the successful transfer of biological technology developed by the private sector in the developed world to developing countries. This paper uses a supply response function to measure the importance of different types of private technology and of public investments on poultry productivity. The findings confirm that imported private technology was important to the growth of the poultry industry but also emphasize the importance of complementary government investments such as veterinary services." from authors' abstractsupply response function, private sector research, Technology transfer, Poultry, Public investment,

Dynamic Explanations of Industry Structure and Performance

Industrial Organization,