48 research outputs found
A characterization of graph properties testable for general planar graphs with one-sided error (it's all about forbidden subgraphs)
The problem of characterizing testable graph properties (properties that can be tested with a number of queries independent of the input size) is a fundamental problem in the area of property testing. While there has been some extensive prior research characterizing testable graph properties in the dense graphs model and we have good understanding of the bounded degree graphs model, no similar characterization has been known for general graphs, with no degree bounds. In this paper we take on this major challenge and consider the problem of characterizing all testable graph properties in general planar graphs.
We consider the model in which a general planar graph can be accessed by the random neighbor oracle that allows access to any given vertex and access to a random neighbor of a given vertex. We show that, informally, a graph property P is testable with one-sided error for general planar graphs if and only if testing P can be reduced to testing for a finite family of finite forbidden subgraphs. While our presentation focuses on planar graphs, our approach extends easily to general minor-free graphs.
Our analysis of the necessary condition relies on a recent construction of canonical testers in the random neighbor oracle model that is applied here to the one-sided error model for testing in planar graphs. The sufficient condition in the characterization reduces the problem to the task of testing H-freeness in planar graphs, and is the main and most challenging technical contribution of the paper: we show that for planar graphs (with arbitrary degrees), the property of being H-free is testable with one-sided error for every finite graph H, in the random neighbor oracle model
Optimal decremental connectivity in planar graphs
We show an algorithm for dynamic maintenance of connectivity information in
an undirected planar graph subject to edge deletions. Our algorithm may answer
connectivity queries of the form `Are vertices and connected with a
path?' in constant time. The queries can be intermixed with any sequence of
edge deletions, and the algorithm handles all updates in time. This
results improves over previously known time algorithm
A Simple Algorithm for Minimum Cuts in Near-Linear Time
We consider the minimum cut problem in undirected, weighted graphs. We give a
simple algorithm to find a minimum cut that -respects (cuts two edges of) a
spanning tree of a graph . This procedure can be used in place of the
complicated subroutine given in Karger's near-linear time minimum cut algorithm
(J. ACM, 2000). We give a self-contained version of Karger's algorithm with the
new procedure, which is easy to state and relatively simple to implement. It
produces a minimum cut on an -edge, -vertex graph in time
with high probability, matching the complexity of Karger's approach.Comment: To appear in SWAT 202
Sufficient Conditions for Tuza's Conjecture on Packing and Covering Triangles
Given a simple graph , a subset of is called a triangle cover if
it intersects each triangle of . Let and denote the
maximum number of pairwise edge-disjoint triangles in and the minimum
cardinality of a triangle cover of , respectively. Tuza conjectured in 1981
that holds for every graph . In this paper, using a
hypergraph approach, we design polynomial-time combinatorial algorithms for
finding small triangle covers. These algorithms imply new sufficient conditions
for Tuza's conjecture on covering and packing triangles. More precisely,
suppose that the set of triangles covers all edges in . We
show that a triangle cover of with cardinality at most can be
found in polynomial time if one of the following conditions is satisfied: (i)
, (ii) , (iii)
.
Keywords: Triangle cover, Triangle packing, Linear 3-uniform hypergraphs,
Combinatorial algorithm
Simple planar graph partition into three forests
AbstractWe describe a simple way of partitioning a planar graph into three edge-disjoint forests in O(n log n) time, where n is the number of its vertices. We can use this partition in Kannan et al.'s graph representation (1992) to label the planar graph vertices so that any two vertices' adjacency can be tested locally by comparing their names in constant time
Testable properties in general graphs and random order streaming
We present a novel framework closely linking the areas of property testing and data streaming algorithms in the setting of general graphs. It has been recently shown (Monemizadeh et al. 2017) that for bounded-degree graphs, any constant-query tester can be emulated in the random order streaming model by a streaming algorithm that uses only space required to store a constant number of words. However, in a more natural setting of general graphs, with no restriction on the maximum degree, no such results were known because of our lack of understanding of constant-query testers in general graphs and lack of techniques to appropriately emulate in the streaming setting off-line algorithms allowing many high-degree vertices.
In this work we advance our understanding on both of these challenges. First, we provide canonical testers for all constant-query testers for general graphs, both, for one-sided and two-sided errors. Such canonizations were only known before (in the adjacency matrix model) for dense graphs (Goldreich and Trevisan 2003) and (in the adjacency list model) for bounded degree (di-)graphs (Goldreich and Ron 2011, Czumaj et al. 2016). Using the concept of canonical testers, we then prove that every property of general graphs that is constant-query testable with one-sided error can also be tested in constant-space with one-sided error in the random order streaming model.
Our results imply, among others, that properties like (s,t) disconnectivity, k-path-freeness, etc. are constant-space testable in random order streams
Sparsest Cut on Bounded Treewidth Graphs: Algorithms and Hardness Results
We give a 2-approximation algorithm for Non-Uniform Sparsest Cut that runs in
time , where is the treewidth of the graph. This improves on the
previous -approximation in time \poly(n) 2^{O(k)} due to
Chlamt\'a\v{c} et al.
To complement this algorithm, we show the following hardness results: If the
Non-Uniform Sparsest Cut problem has a -approximation for series-parallel
graphs (where ), then the Max Cut problem has an algorithm with
approximation factor arbitrarily close to . Hence, even for such
restricted graphs (which have treewidth 2), the Sparsest Cut problem is NP-hard
to approximate better than for ; assuming the
Unique Games Conjecture the hardness becomes . For
graphs with large (but constant) treewidth, we show a hardness result of assuming the Unique Games Conjecture.
Our algorithm rounds a linear program based on (a subset of) the
Sherali-Adams lift of the standard Sparsest Cut LP. We show that even for
treewidth-2 graphs, the LP has an integrality gap close to 2 even after
polynomially many rounds of Sherali-Adams. Hence our approach cannot be
improved even on such restricted graphs without using a stronger relaxation
Compact Labelings For Efficient First-Order Model-Checking
We consider graph properties that can be checked from labels, i.e., bit
sequences, of logarithmic length attached to vertices. We prove that there
exists such a labeling for checking a first-order formula with free set
variables in the graphs of every class that is \emph{nicely locally
cwd-decomposable}. This notion generalizes that of a \emph{nicely locally
tree-decomposable} class. The graphs of such classes can be covered by graphs
of bounded \emph{clique-width} with limited overlaps. We also consider such
labelings for \emph{bounded} first-order formulas on graph classes of
\emph{bounded expansion}. Some of these results are extended to counting
queries
Finding Small Complete Subgraphs Efficiently
(I) We revisit the algorithmic problem of finding all triangles in a graph
with vertices and edges. According to a result of Chiba and
Nishizeki (1985), this task can be achieved by a combinatorial algorithm
running in time, where is the
graph arboricity. We provide a new very simple combinatorial algorithm for
finding all triangles in a graph and show that is amenable to the same running
time analysis. We derive these worst-case bounds from first principles and with
very simple proofs that do not rely on classic results due to Nash-Williams
from the 1960s.
(II) We extend our arguments to the problem of finding all small complete
subgraphs of a given fixed size. We show that the dependency on and
in the running time of the algorithm of
Chiba and Nishizeki for listing all copies of , where , is
asymptotically tight.
(III) We give improved arboricity-sensitive running times for counting and/or
detection of copies of , for small . A key ingredient in
our algorithms is, once again, the algorithm of Chiba and Nishizeki. Our new
algorithms are faster than all previous algorithms in certain high-range
arboricity intervals for every .Comment: 14 pages, 1 figure. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with
arXiv:2105.0126