4,279 research outputs found
A QoS-Based Wireless Multimedia Sensor Cluster Protocol
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) provide a wireless network infrastructure for sensed data transport in environments where wired
or satellite technologies cannot be used. Because the embedded hardware of the sensor nodes has been improved very much in the
last years and the number of real deployments is increasing considerably, they have become a reliable option for the transmission
of any type of sensed data, from few sensed measures to multimedia data. This paper proposes a new protocol that uses an ad hoc
cluster based architecture which is able to adapt the logical sensor network topology to the delivered multimedia stream features,
guaranteeing the quality of the communications. The proposed protocol uses the quality of service (QoS) parameters, such as
bandwidth, delay, jitter, and packet loss, of each type of multimedia stream as a basis for the sensor clusters creation and organization
inside the WSN, providing end-to-end QoS for each multimedia stream. We present real experiments that show the performance
of the protocol for several video and audio cases when it is runningThis work has been partially supported by the "Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion," through the "Plan Nacional de I+D+i 2008-2011" in the "Subprograma de Proyectos de Investigacion Fundamental," Project TEC2011-27516. This work has also been partially supported by the Instituto de Telecomunicacoes, Next Generation Networks and Applications Group (NetGNA), Portugal, by the Government of Russian Federation, Grant 074-U01, and by National Funding from the Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) through the PEst-OE/EEI/LA0008/2013 Project.DĂaz Santos, JR.; Lloret, J.; Jimenez, JM.; Rodrigues, JJPC. (2014). A QoS-Based Wireless Multimedia Sensor Cluster Protocol. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks. 2014:1-17. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/480372S1172014Bri, D., Garcia, M., Lloret, J., & Dini, P. (2009). Real Deployments of Wireless Sensor Networks. 2009 Third International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications. doi:10.1109/sensorcomm.2009.69Karim, L., Anpalagan, A., Nasser, N., & Almhana, J. (2013). Sensor-based M2M Agriculture Monitoring Systems for Developing Countries: State and Challenges. Network Protocols and Algorithms, 5(3), 68. doi:10.5296/npa.v5i3.3787Edo, M., Canovas, A., Garcia, M., & Lloret, J. (s. f.). Providing VoIP and IPTV Services in WLANs. Handbook of Research on Mobility and Computing, 426-444. doi:10.4018/978-1-60960-042-6.ch028Diab, R., Chalhoub, G., & Misson, M. (2013). Overview on Multi-Channel Communications in Wireless Sensor Networks. Network Protocols and Algorithms, 5(3), 112. doi:10.5296/npa.v5i3.3811Khoukhi, L., & Cherkaoui, S. (2010). Intelligent QoS management for multimedia services support in wireless mobile ad hoc networks. Computer Networks, 54(10), 1692-1706. doi:10.1016/j.comnet.2010.01.014Abbas, C. J. B., Orozco, A. L. S., & Villalba, L. J. G. (2012). A distributed QoS mechanism for ad hoc network. International Journal of Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing, 11(1), 25. doi:10.1504/ijahuc.2012.049282Çevik, T., & Zaim, A. H. (2013). A Multichannel Cross-Layer Architecture for Multimedia Sensor Networks. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 9(3), 457045. doi:10.1155/2013/457045Li, Z., Bi, J., & Chen, S. (2013). Traffic Prediction-Based Fast Rerouting Algorithm for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 9(5), 176293. doi:10.1155/2013/176293Lloret, J., Palau, C., Boronat, F., & Tomas, J. (2008). Improving networks using group-based topologies. Computer Communications, 31(14), 3438-3450. doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2008.05.030Lloret, J., Garcia, M., Tomás, J., & Boronat, F. (2008). GBP-WAHSN: A Group-Based Protocol for Large Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks. Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 23(3), 461-480. doi:10.1007/s11390-008-9147-6Lehsaini, M., Guyennet, H., & Feham, M. (2010). An efficient cluster-based self-organisation algorithm for wireless sensor networks. International Journal of Sensor Networks, 7(1/2), 85. doi:10.1504/ijsnet.2010.031852Lloret, J., Garcia, M., Bri, D., & Diaz, J. (2009). A Cluster-Based Architecture to Structure the Topology of Parallel Wireless Sensor Networks. Sensors, 9(12), 10513-10544. doi:10.3390/s91210513Diaz, J. R., Lloret, J., Jimenez, J. M., & Sendra, S. (2014). MWAHCA: A Multimedia Wireless Ad Hoc Cluster Architecture. The Scientific World Journal, 2014, 1-14. doi:10.1155/2014/913046Wei, D., & Chan, H. (2006). Clustering Ad Hoc Networks: Schemes and Classifications. 2006 3rd Annual IEEE Communications Society on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks. doi:10.1109/sahcn.2006.288583Yu, J. Y., & Chong, P. H. J. (2005). A survey of clustering schemes for mobile ad hoc networks. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 7(1), 32-48. doi:10.1109/comst.2005.1423333Abbasi, A. A., & Younis, M. (2007). A survey on clustering algorithms for wireless sensor networks. Computer Communications, 30(14-15), 2826-2841. doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2007.05.024Boyinbode, O., Le, H., & Takizawa, M. (2011). A survey on clustering algorithms for wireless sensor networks. International Journal of Space-Based and Situated Computing, 1(2/3), 130. doi:10.1504/ijssc.2011.040339Ramachandran, L., Kapoor, M., Sarkar, A., & Aggarwal, A. (2000). Clustering algorithms for wireless ad hoc networks. Proceedings of the 4th international workshop on Discrete algorithms and methods for mobile computing and communications - DIALM ’00. doi:10.1145/345848.345860Chatterjee, M., Das, S. K., & Turgut, D. (2002). Cluster Computing, 5(2), 193-204. doi:10.1023/a:1013941929408Huang, Y.-M., Hsieh, M.-Y., & Wang, M.-S. (2007). Reliable transmission of multimedia streaming using a connection prediction scheme in cluster-based ad hoc networks. Computer Communications, 30(2), 440-452. doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2006.09.012Tang, S., & Li, W. (2006). QoS supporting and optimal energy allocation for a cluster based wireless sensor network. Computer Communications, 29(13-14), 2569-2577. doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2006.02.007Rosário, D., Costa, R., Paraense, H., Machado, K., Cerqueira, E., Braun, T., & Zhao, Z. (2012). A Hierarchical Multi-hop Multimedia Routing Protocol for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks. Network Protocols and Algorithms, 4(4). doi:10.5296/npa.v4i4.2121Diaz, J. R., Lloret, J., JimĂ©nez, J. M., & Hammoumi, M. (2014). A new multimedia-oriented architecture and protocol for wireless ad hoc networks. International Journal of Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing, 16(1), 14. doi:10.1504/ijahuc.2014.062486Meghanathan, N., & Mumford, P. (2013). Centralized and Distributed Algorithms for Stability-based Data Gathering in Mobile Sensor Networks. Network Protocols and Algorithms, 84. doi:10.5296/npa.v5i4.420
An Overview of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks for the Existing Protocols and Applications
Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of two or more devices or nodes
or terminals with wireless communications and networking capability that
communicate with each other without the aid of any centralized administrator
also the wireless nodes that can dynamically form a network to exchange
information without using any existing fixed network infrastructure. And it's
an autonomous system in which mobile hosts connected by wireless links are free
to be dynamically and some time act as routers at the same time, and we discuss
in this paper the distinct characteristics of traditional wired networks,
including network configuration may change at any time, there is no direction
or limit the movement and so on, and thus needed a new optional path Agreement
(Routing Protocol) to identify nodes for these actions communicate with each
other path, An ideal choice way the agreement should not only be able to find
the right path, and the Ad Hoc Network must be able to adapt to changing
network of this type at any time. and we talk in details in this paper all the
information of Mobile Ad Hoc Network which include the History of ad hoc,
wireless ad hoc, wireless mobile approaches and types of mobile ad Hoc
networks, and then we present more than 13 types of the routing Ad Hoc Networks
protocols have been proposed. In this paper, the more representative of routing
protocols, analysis of individual characteristics and advantages and
disadvantages to collate and compare, and present the all applications or the
Possible Service of Ad Hoc Networks.Comment: 24 Pages, JGraph-Hoc Journa
QoS routing in ad-hoc networks using GA and multi-objective optimization
Much work has been done on routing in Ad-hoc networks, but the proposed routing solutions only deal with the best effort data traffic. Connections with Quality of Service (QoS) requirements, such as voice channels with delay and bandwidth constraints, are not supported. The QoS routing has been receiving increasingly intensive attention, but searching for the shortest path with many metrics is an NP-complete problem. For this reason, approximated solutions and heuristic algorithms should be developed for multi-path constraints QoS routing. Also, the routing methods should be adaptive, flexible, and intelligent. In this paper, we use Genetic Algorithms (GAs) and multi-objective optimization for QoS routing in Ad-hoc Networks. In order to reduce the search space of GA, we implemented a search space reduction algorithm, which reduces the search space for GAMAN (GA-based routing algorithm for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks) to find a new route. We evaluate the performance of GAMAN by computer simulations and show that GAMAN has better behaviour than GLBR (Genetic Load Balancing Routing).Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version
Real-Time QoS Routing Protocols in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks: Study and Analysis
Many routing protocols have been proposed for wireless sensor networks. These routing protocols are almost always based on energy efficiency. However, recent advances in complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) cameras and small microphones have led to the development of Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSN) as a class of wireless sensor networks which pose additional challenges. The transmission of imaging and video data needs routing protocols with both energy efficiency and Quality of Service (QoS) characteristics in order to guarantee the efficient use of the sensor nodes and effective access to the collected data. Also, with integration of real time applications in Wireless Senor Networks (WSNs), the use of QoS routing protocols is not only becoming a significant topic, but is also gaining the attention of researchers. In designing an efficient QoS routing protocol, the reliability and guarantee of end-to-end delay are critical events while conserving energy. Thus, considerable research has been focused on designing energy efficient and robust QoS routing protocols. In this paper, we present a state of the art research work based on real-time QoS routing protocols for WMSNs that have already been proposed. This paper categorizes the real-time QoS routing protocols into probabilistic and deterministic protocols. In addition, both categories are classified into soft and hard real time protocols by highlighting the QoS issues including the limitations and features of each protocol. Furthermore, we have compared the performance of mobility-aware query based real-time QoS routing protocols from each category using Network Simulator-2 (NS2). This paper also focuses on the design challenges and future research directions as well as highlights the characteristics of each QoS routing protocol.https://doi.org/10.3390/s15092220
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While traditional wired communication technologies have played a crucial role in industrial monitoring and control networks over the past few decades, they are increasingly proving to be inadequate to meet the highly dynamic and stringent demands of today’s industrial applications, primarily due to the very rigid nature of wired infrastructures. Wireless technology, however, through its increased pervasiveness, has the potential to revolutionize the industry, not only by mitigating the problems faced by wired solutions, but also by introducing a completely new class of applications. While present day wireless technologies made some preliminary inroads in the monitoring domain, they still have severe limitations especially when real-time, reliable distributed control operations are concerned. This article provides the reader with an overview of existing wireless technologies commonly used in the monitoring and control industry. It highlights the pros and cons of each technology and assesses the degree to which each technology is able to meet the stringent demands of industrial monitoring and control networks. Additionally, it summarizes mechanisms proposed by academia, especially serving critical applications by addressing the real-time and reliability requirements of industrial process automation. The article also describes certain key research problems from the physical layer communication for sensor networks and the wireless networking perspective that have yet to be addressed to allow the successful use of wireless technologies in industrial monitoring and control networks
Design and Implementation of a Communication Protocol to Improve Multimedia QoS and QoE in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks
[EN] This dissertation addresses the problem of multimedia delivery over multi-hop ad hoc wireless networks, and especially over wireless sensor networks. Due to their characteristics of low power consumption, low processing capacity and low memory capacity, they have major difficulties in achieving optimal quality levels demanded by end users in such communications.
In the first part of this work, it has been carried out a study to determine the behavior of a variety of multimedia streams and how they are affected by the network conditions when they are transmitted over topologies formed by devices of different technologies in multi hop wireless ad hoc mode. To achieve this goal, we have performed experimental tests using a test bench, which combine the main codecs used in audio and video streaming over IP networks with different sound and video captures representing the characteristic patterns of multimedia services such as phone calls, video communications, IPTV and video on demand (VOD). With the information gathered in the laboratory, we have been able to establish the correlation between the induced changes in the physical and logical topology and the network parameters that measure the quality of service (QoS) of a multimedia transmission, such as latency, jitter or packet loss. At this stage of the investigation, a study was performed to determine the state of the art of the proposed protocols, algorithms, and practical implementations that have been explicitly developed to optimize the multimedia transmission over wireless ad hoc networks, especially in ad hoc networks using clusters of nodes distributed over a geographic area and wireless sensor networks.
Next step of this research was the development of an algorithm focused on the logical organization of clusters formed by nodes capable of adapting to the circumstances of real-time traffic. The stated goal was to achieve the maximum utilization of the resources offered by the set of nodes that forms the network, allowing simultaneously sending reliably and efficiently all types of content through them, and mixing conventional IP data traffic with multimedia traffic with stringent QoS and QoE requirements. Using the information gathered in the previous phase, we have developed a network architecture that improves overall network performance and multimedia streaming. In parallel, it has been designed and programmed a communication protocol that allows implementing the proposal and testing its operation on real network infrastructures.
In the last phase of this thesis we have focused our work on sending multimedia in wireless sensor networks (WSN). Based on the above results, we have adapted both the architecture and the communication protocol for this particular type of network, whose use has been growing hugely in recent years.[ES] Esta tesis doctoral aborda el problema de la distribuciĂłn de contenidos multimedia a travĂ©s de redes inalámbricas ad hoc multisalto, especialmente las redes inalámbricas de sensores que, debido a sus caracterĂsticas de bajo consumo energĂ©tico, baja capacidad de procesamiento y baja capacidad de memoria, plantean grandes dificultades para alcanzar los niveles de calidad Ăłptimos que exigen los usuarios finales en dicho tipo de comunicaciones.
En la primera parte de este trabajo se ha llevado a cabo un estudio para determinar el comportamiento de una gran variedad de flujos multimedia y como se ven afectados por las condiciones de la red cuando son transmitidos a travĂ©s topologĂas formadas por dispositivos de diferentes tecnologĂas que se comunican en modo ad hoc multisalto inalámbrico. Para ello, se han realizado pruebas experimentales sobre una maqueta de laboratorio, combinando los principales cĂłdecs empleados en la transmisiĂłn de audio y video a travĂ©s de redes IP con diversas capturas de sonido y video que representan patrones caracterĂsticos de servicios multimedia tales como las llamadas telefĂłnicas, videoconferencias, IPTV o video bajo demanda (VOD). Con la informaciĂłn reunida en el laboratorio se ha podido establecer la correlaciĂłn entre los cambios inducidos en la topologĂa fĂsica y lĂłgica de la red con los parámetros que miden la calidad de servicio (QoS) de una transmisiĂłn multimedia, tales como la latencia el jitter o la pĂ©rdida de paquetes. En esta fase de la investigaciĂłn se realiza un estudio para determinar el estado del arte de las propuestas de desarrollo e implementaciĂłn de protocolos y algoritmos que se han generado de forma explĂcita para optimizar la transmisiĂłn de tráfico multimedia sobre redes ad hoc inalámbricas, especialmente en las redes inalámbricas de sensores y redes ad hoc utilizando clĂşsteres de nodos distribuidos en un espacio geográfico.
El siguiente paso en la investigaciĂłn ha consistido en el desarrollo de un algoritmo propio para la organizaciĂłn lĂłgica de clĂşsteres formados por nodos capaces de adaptarse a las circunstancias del tráfico en tiempo real. El objetivo planteado es conseguir un aprovechamiento máximo de los recursos ofrecidos por el conjunto de nodos que forman la red, permitiendo de forma simultánea el envĂo de todo tipo de contenidos a travĂ©s de ellos de forma confiable y eficiente, permitiendo la convivencia de tráfico de datos IP convencional con tráfico multimedia con requisitos exigentes de QoS y QoE. A partir de la informaciĂłn conseguida en la fase anterior, se ha desarrollado una arquitectura de red que mejora el rendimiento general de la red y el de las transmisiones multimedia de audio y video en particular. De forma paralela, se ha diseñado y programado un protocolo de comunicaciĂłn que permite implementar el modelo y testear su funcionamiento sobre infraestructuras de red reales.
En la Ăşltima fase de esta tesis se ha dirigido la atenciĂłn hacia la transmisiĂłn multimedia en las redes de sensores inalámbricos (WSN). Partiendo de los resultados anteriores, se ha adaptado tanto la arquitectura como el protocolo de comunicaciones para este tipo concreto de red, cuyo uso se ha extendido en los Ăşltimos años de forma considerable[CA] Esta tesi doctoral aborda el problema de la distribuciĂł de continguts multimèdia a travĂ©s de xarxes sense fil ad hoc multi salt, especialment les xarxes sense fil de sensors que, a causa de les seues caracterĂstiques de baix consum energètic, baixa capacitat de processament i baixa capacitat de memòria, plantegen grans dificultats per a aconseguir els nivells de qualitat òptims que exigixen els usuaris finals en eixos tipus de comunicacions.
En la primera part d'este treball s'ha dut a terme un estudi per a determinar el comportament d'una gran varietat de fluxos multimèdia i com es veuen afectats per les condicions de la xarxa quan sĂłn transmesos a travĂ©s topologies formades per dispositius de diferents tecnologies que es comuniquen en mode ad hoc multi salt sense fil. Per a això, s'han realitzat proves experimentals sobre una maqueta de laboratori, combinant els principals cĂłdecs empleats en la transmissiĂł d'Ă udio i vĂdeo a travĂ©s de xarxes IP amb diverses captures de so i vĂdeo que representen patrons caracterĂstics de serveis multimèdia com son les cridades telefòniques, videoconferències, IPTV o vĂdeo baix demanda (VOD). Amb la informaciĂł reunida en el laboratori s'ha pogut establir la correlaciĂł entre els canvis induĂŻts en la topologia fĂsica i lògica de la xarxa amb els parĂ metres que mesuren la qualitat de servei (QoS) d'una transmissiĂł multimèdia, com la latència el jitter o la pèrdua de paquets. En esta fase de la investigaciĂł es realitza un estudi per a determinar l'estat de l'art de les propostes de desenvolupament i implementaciĂł de protocols i algoritmes que s'han generat de forma explĂcita per a optimitzar la transmissiĂł de trĂ fic multimèdia sobre xarxes ad hoc sense fil, especialment en les xarxes sense fil de sensors and xarxes ad hoc utilitzant clusters de nodes distribuĂŻts en un espai geogrĂ fic.
El segĂĽent pas en la investigaciĂł ha consistit en el desenvolupament d'un algoritme propi per a l'organitzaciĂł lògica de clusters formats per nodes capaços d'adaptar-se a les circumstĂ ncies del trĂ fic en temps real. L'objectiu plantejat Ă©s aconseguir un aprofitament mĂ xim dels recursos oferits pel conjunt de nodes que formen la xarxa, permetent de forma simultĂ nia l'enviament de qualsevol tipus de continguts a travĂ©s d'ells de forma confiable i eficient, permetent la convivència de trĂ fic de dades IP convencional amb trĂ fic multimèdia amb requisits exigents de QoS i QoE. A partir de la informaciĂł aconseguida en la fase anterior, s'ha desenvolupat una arquitectura de xarxa que millora el rendiment general de la xarxa i el de les transmissions multimèdia d'Ă udio i vĂdeo en particular. De forma paralÂżlela, s'ha dissenyat i programat un protocol de comunicaciĂł que permet implementar el model i testejar el seu funcionament sobre infraestructures de xarxa reals.
En l'Ăşltima fase d'esta tesi s'ha dirigit l'atenciĂł cap a la transmissiĂł multimèdia en les xarxes de sensors sense fil (WSN). Partint dels resultats anteriors, s'ha adaptat tant l'arquitectura com el protocol de comunicacions per a aquest tipus concret de xarxa, l'Ăşs del qual s'ha estĂ©s en els Ăşltims anys de forma considerable.DĂaz Santos, JR. (2016). Design and Implementation of a Communication Protocol to Improve
Multimedia QoS and QoE in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/62162TESI
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