20 research outputs found
Roadmap on multimode light shaping
Our ability to generate new distributions of light has been remarkably enhanced in recent years. At the most fundamental level, these light patterns are obtained by ingeniously combining different electromagnetic modes. Interestingly, the modal superposition occurs in the spatial, temporal as well as spatio-temporal domain. This generalized concept of structured light is being applied across the entire spectrum of optics: generating classical and quantum states of light, harnessing linear and nonlinear light-matter interactions, and advancing applications in microscopy, spectroscopy, holography, communication, and synchronization. This Roadmap highlights the common roots of these different techniques and thus establishes links between research areas that complement each other seamlessly. We provide an overview of all these areas, their backgrounds, current research, and future developments. We highlight the power of multimodal light manipulation and want to inspire new eclectic approaches in this vibrant research community.acceptedVersionPeer reviewe
Data systems elements technology assessment and system specifications, issue no. 2
The ability to satisfy the objectives of future NASA Office of Applications programs is dependent on technology advances in a number of areas of data systems. The hardware and software technology of end-to-end systems (data processing elements through ground processing, dissemination, and presentation) are examined in terms of state of the art, trends, and projected developments in the 1980 to 1985 timeframe. Capability is considered in terms of elements that are either commercially available or that can be implemented from commercially available components with minimal development
Optical Gas Sensing: Media, Mechanisms and Applications
Optical gas sensing is one of the fastest developing research areas in laser spectroscopy. Continuous development of new coherent light sources operating especially in the Mid-IR spectral band (QCLâQuantum Cascade Lasers, ICLâInterband Cascade Lasers, OPOâOptical Parametric Oscillator, DFGâDifference Frequency Generation, optical frequency combs, etc.) stimulates new, sophisticated methods and technological solutions in this area. The development of clever techniques in gas detection based on new mechanisms of sensing (photoacoustic, photothermal, dispersion, etc.) supported by advanced applied electronics and huge progress in signal processing allows us to introduce more sensitive, broader-band and miniaturized optical sensors. Additionally, the substantial development of fast and sensitive photodetectors in MIR and FIR is of great support to progress in gas sensing. Recent material and technological progress in the development of hollow-core optical fibers allowing low-loss transmission of light in both Near- and Mid-IR has opened a new route for obtaining the low-volume, long optical paths that are so strongly required in laser-based gas sensors, leading to the development of a novel branch of laser-based gas detectors. This Special Issue summarizes the most recent progress in the development of optical sensors utilizing novel materials and laser-based gas sensing techniques
An Implantable Microsystem for Autonomous Intraocular Pressure Monitoring .
Glaucoma, a leading cause of blindness worldwide, is a disease in which the pressure within the eye is too high for the eye to tolerate and must be reduced in order to slow or prevent damage to the optic nerve. Conventional methods for monitoring eye pressure are normally only used in the physicianâs office and rely on indirect measurement methods, leading to inaccuracies. Furthermore, intraocular pressure can vary throughout the day and also depends on activity. An autonomous implantable microsystem capable of monitoring intraocular pressure with minimal patient intervention would provide useful information to the clinician in the management of glaucoma.
This dissertation studies the feasibility of an integrated microsystem for autonomously measuring intraocular pressure. Small size ensures minimal impact on the patient, preventing the device from entering the field of view and simplifying implantation. Integrated haptics aid surgical implantation and minimize trauma while allowing the implant to be removed if needed. A touch-mode capacitive pressure sensor, fabricated using the dissolved wafer process, transduces intraocular pressure into capacitance with a linear response and a sensitivity of 26 fF/mmHg. A new fabrication technique has been developed to embed vertical interconnects within a glass package containing the pressure sensor, a microbattery, readout circuitry, and an antenna. This enables the vertical stacking of these components and very efficient use of limited volume. The 1.5 mm x 2 mm x 0.5 mm transparent parylene-coated glass package enables solar cells to be placed on the circuit chip for power generation, trickle charging an on-board microbattery formed using standard cleanroom materials and a non-toxic electrolyte. Flooded-cell tests verified the electrochemistry and achieved a current capacity of 8 ”Ah/mm2. A simple integrated readout circuit consuming 35 pW in the idle mode implemented a finite-state machine and used an optical wakeup trigger to further reduce power. The microsystem has also been demonstrated with a microprocessor to autonomously gather and store data, reading it out on demand. Finally, a pulse-based ultrawideband wireless transmission technique is proposed using non-resonant antennas. The all-digital transmitter is expected to consume much less power than conventional encoded wireless transmitters and eliminates complex circuitry.Ph.D.Electrical EngineeringUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/89809/1/rhaque_1.pd
Understanding Quantum Technologies 2022
Understanding Quantum Technologies 2022 is a creative-commons ebook that
provides a unique 360 degrees overview of quantum technologies from science and
technology to geopolitical and societal issues. It covers quantum physics
history, quantum physics 101, gate-based quantum computing, quantum computing
engineering (including quantum error corrections and quantum computing
energetics), quantum computing hardware (all qubit types, including quantum
annealing and quantum simulation paradigms, history, science, research,
implementation and vendors), quantum enabling technologies (cryogenics, control
electronics, photonics, components fabs, raw materials), quantum computing
algorithms, software development tools and use cases, unconventional computing
(potential alternatives to quantum and classical computing), quantum
telecommunications and cryptography, quantum sensing, quantum technologies
around the world, quantum technologies societal impact and even quantum fake
sciences. The main audience are computer science engineers, developers and IT
specialists as well as quantum scientists and students who want to acquire a
global view of how quantum technologies work, and particularly quantum
computing. This version is an extensive update to the 2021 edition published in
October 2021.Comment: 1132 pages, 920 figures, Letter forma
Beamed-Energy Propulsion (BEP) Study
The scope of this study was to (1) review and analyze the state-of-art in beamed-energy propulsion (BEP) by identifying potential game-changing applications, (2) formulate a roadmap of technology development, and (3) identify key near-term technology demonstrations to rapidly advance elements of BEP technology to Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 6. The two major areas of interest were launching payloads and space propulsion. More generally, the study was requested and structured to address basic mission feasibility. The attraction of beamed-energy propulsion (BEP) is the potential for high specific impulse while removing the power-generation mass. The rapid advancements in high-energy beamed-power systems and optics over the past 20 years warranted a fresh look at the technology. For launching payloads, the study concluded that using BEP to propel vehicles into space is technically feasible if a commitment to develop new technologies and large investments can be made over long periods of time. From a commercial competitive standpoint, if an advantage of beamed energy for Earth-to-orbit (ETO) is to be found, it will rest with smaller, frequently launched payloads. For space propulsion, the study concluded that using beamed energy to propel vehicles from low Earth orbit to geosynchronous Earth orbit (LEO-GEO) and into deep space is definitely feasible and showed distinct advantages and greater potential over current propulsion technologies. However, this conclusion also assumes that upfront infrastructure investments and commitments to critical technologies will be made over long periods of time. The chief issue, similar to that for payloads, is high infrastructure costs
Towards many-body physics with Rydberg-dressed cavity polaritons
An exciting frontier in quantum information science is the creation and manipulation of
bottom-up quantum systems that are built and controlled one by one. For the past 30
years, we have witnessed signi cant progresses in harnessing strong atom- eld interactions
for critical applications in quantum computation, communication, simulation, and metrology.
By extension, we can envisage a quantum network consisting of material nodes coupled
together with in nite-dimensional bosonic quantum channels. In this context, there
has been active research worldwide to achieve quantum optical circuits, for which single
atoms are wired by freely-propagating single photons through the circuit elements. For all
these systems, the system-size expansion with atoms and photons results in a fundamental
pathologic scaling that linearizes the very atom- eld interaction, and signi cantly limits
the degree of non-classicality and entanglement in analog atom- eld quantum systems for
atom number N 1.
The long-term motivation of this MSc thesis is (i) to discover new physical mechanisms
that extend the inherent scaling behavior of atom- eld interactions and (ii) to
develop quantum optics toolkits that design dynamical gauge structures for the realization
of lattice-gauge-theoretic quantum network and the synthesis of novel quantum optically
gauged materials. The basic premise is to achieve the strong coupling regime for a quantum
many-body material system interacting with the quantized elds of an optical cavity. Our
laboratory e ort can be described as the march towards \many-body QED," where optical
elds acquire some properties of the material interactions that constrain their dynamical
processes, as with quantum eld theories. While such an e ort currently do not exist elsewhere,
we are convicted that our work will become an essential endeavor to enable cavity
quantum electrodynamics (QED) in the bona- de regime of quantum many-body physics
in this entanglement frontier.
In this context, I describe an example in Chapter 2 that utilizes strong RydbergRydberg
interactions to design dynamical gauge structures for the quantum square ice
models. Quantum
uctuations driven by cavity-mediated in nite-range interaction stabilize
the quantum-gauged system into a long-range entangled quantum spin liquid that may
be detected through the time-ordered photoelectric statistics for photons leaking out of the
cavity. Fractionalized \spinon" and \vison" excitations can be manipulated for topological
quantum computation, and the emergent photons of arti cial QED in our lattice gauge
theoretic system can be directly measured and studied.
The laboratory challenge towards strongly coupled cavity Rydberg polaritons encompasses
three daunting research milestones that push the technological boundaries beyond of the state-of-the-arts. In Chapter 3, I discuss our extreme-high-vacuum chamber (XHV)
cluster system that allows the world's lowest operating vacuum environment P ' 10
Torr for an ultracold AMO experiment with long background-limited trap lifetimes. In
Chapter 4, I discuss our ultrastable laser systems stabilized to the ultra-low-expansion
optical cavities. Coupled with a scalable eld-programmable-gate-array (FPGA) digitalanalog
control system, we can manipulate arbitrarily the phase-amplitude relationship of
several dozens of laser elds across 300 nm to 1550 nm at mHz precision. In Chapter 5,
we discuss the quantum trajectory simulations for manipulating the external degrees of
freedom of ultracold atoms with external laser elds. Electrically tunable liquid crystal
lens creates a dynamically tunable optical trap to move the ultracold atomic gases over
long distance within the ultra-high-vacuum (UHV) chamber system.
In Chapter 6, I discuss our collaborative development of two science cavity platforms
{ the \Rydberg" quantum dot and the many-body QED platforms. An important development
was the research into new high-index IBS materials, where we have utilized our
low-loss optical mirrors for extending the world's highest cavity nesse F 500k! We discuss
the unique challenges of implementing optical cavity QED for Rydberg atoms, which
required tremendous degrees of electromagnetic shielding and eld control. Single-crystal
Sapphire structure, along with Angstrom-level diamond-turned Ti blade electrodes, is utilized
for the eld compensation and extinction by > 60 dB. Single-crystal PZTs on silica
V-grooves are utilized for the stabilization of the optical cavity with length uncertainty less
than 1=100 of a single nucleon, along with extreme level of vibration isolation in a XHV
environment. The capability to perform in-situ RF plasma cleaning allows the regeneration
of optical mirrors when coated with a few Cs atoms. Lastly but not the least, we combine
single-atom resolution quantum gas microscopy technique with superpixel holographic algorithm
to project arbitrary real-time recon gurable di raction-limited optical potential
landscapes for the preparation of low-entropy atom arrays
Topical Workshop on Electronics for Particle Physics
The purpose of the workshop was to present results and original concepts for electronics research and development relevant to particle physics experiments as well as accelerator and beam instrumentation at future facilities; to review the status of electronics for the LHC experiments; to identify and encourage common efforts for the development of electronics; and to promote information exchange and collaboration in the relevant engineering and physics communities
Development of a chipless RFID based aerospace structural health monitoring sensor system
Chipless Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is modern wireless technology that has been earmarked as being suitable for low-cost item tagging/tracking. These devices do not require integrated circuitry or a battery and thus, are not only are cheap, but also easy to manufacture and potentially very robust. A great deal of attention is also being put on the possibility of giving these tags the ability to sense various environmental stimuli such as temperature and humidity.
This work focusses on the potential use of chipless RFID as a sensor technology for aerospace Structural Health Monitoring. The project is focussed on the sensing of mechanical strain and temperature, with an emphasis placed on fabrication simplicity,
so that the final sensor designs could be potentially fabricated in-situ using existing printing technologies.
Within this project, a variety of novel chipless RFID strain and temperature sensors have been designed, fabricated and tested. A thorough discussion is also presented on the topic of strain sensor cross sensitivity, which places emphasis on issues like, transverse strain, dielectric constant variations and thermal swelling. Additionally, an exploration into other key technological challenges was also performed, with a focus on challenges such as: accurate and reliable stimulus detection, sensor polarization and multi-sensor support.
Several key areas of future research have also been identified and outlined, with aims related to: Enhancing strain sensor fabrication simplicity, enhancing temperature sensor sensitivity and simplicity and developing a fully functional interrogation system