9,953 research outputs found
A novel topology control approach to maintain the node degree in dynamic wireless sensor networks
Topology control is an important technique to improve the connectivity and the reliability of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) by means of adjusting the communication range of wireless sensor nodes. In this paper, a novel Fuzzy-logic Topology Control (FTC) is proposed to achieve any desired average node degree by adaptively changing communication range, thus improving the network connectivity, which is the main target of FTC. FTC is a fully localized control algorithm, and does not rely on location information of neighbors. Instead of designing membership functions and if-then rules for fuzzy-logic controller, FTC is constructed from the training data set to facilitate the design process. FTC is proved to be accurate, stable and has short settling time. In order to compare it with other representative localized algorithms (NONE, FLSS, k-Neighbor and LTRT), FTC is evaluated through extensive simulations. The simulation results show that: firstly, similar to k-Neighbor algorithm, FTC is the best to achieve the desired average node degree as node density varies; secondly, FTC is comparable to FLSS and k-Neighbor in terms of energy-efficiency, but is better than LTRT and NONE; thirdly, FTC has the lowest average maximum communication range than other algorithms, which indicates that the most energy-consuming node in the network consumes the lowest power
Unified clustering and communication protocol for wireless sensor networks
In this paper we present an energy-efficient cross layer protocol for providing application specific reservations in wireless senor networks called the “Unified Clustering and Communication Protocol ” (UCCP). Our modular cross layered framework satisfies three wireless sensor network requirements, namely, the QoS requirement of heterogeneous applications, energy aware clustering and data forwarding by relay sensor nodes. Our unified design approach is motivated by providing an integrated and viable solution for self organization and end-to-end communication is wireless sensor networks. Dynamic QoS based reservation guarantees are provided using a reservation-based TDMA approach. Our novel energy-efficient clustering approach employs a multi-objective optimization technique based on OR (operations research) practices. We adopt a simple hierarchy in which relay nodes forward data messages from cluster head to the sink, thus eliminating the overheads needed to maintain a routing protocol. Simulation results demonstrate that UCCP provides an energy-efficient and scalable solution to meet the application specific QoS demands in resource constrained sensor nodes. Index Terms — wireless sensor networks, unified communication, optimization, clustering and quality of service
Cross-layer Balanced and Reliable Opportunistic Routing Algorithm for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
For improving the efficiency and the reliability of the opportunistic routing
algorithm, in this paper, we propose the cross-layer and reliable opportunistic
routing algorithm (CBRT) for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, which introduces the
improved efficiency fuzzy logic and humoral regulation inspired topology
control into the opportunistic routing algorithm. In CBRT, the inputs of the
fuzzy logic system are the relative variance (rv) of the metrics rather than
the values of the metrics, which reduces the number of fuzzy rules
dramatically. Moreover, the number of fuzzy rules does not increase when the
number of inputs increases. For reducing the control cost, in CBRT, the node
degree in the candidate relays set is a range rather than a constant number.
The nodes are divided into different categories based on their node degree in
the candidate relays set. The nodes adjust their transmission range based on
which categories that they belong to. Additionally, for investigating the
effection of the node mobility on routing performance, we propose a link
lifetime prediction algorithm which takes both the moving speed and moving
direction into account. In CBRT, the source node determines the relaying
priorities of the relaying nodes based on their utilities. The relaying node
which the utility is large will have high priority to relay the data packet. By
these innovations, the network performance in CBRT is much better than that in
ExOR, however, the computation complexity is not increased in CBRT.Comment: 14 pages, 17 figures, 31 formulas, IEEE Sensors Journal, 201
An Overview of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks for the Existing Protocols and Applications
Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of two or more devices or nodes
or terminals with wireless communications and networking capability that
communicate with each other without the aid of any centralized administrator
also the wireless nodes that can dynamically form a network to exchange
information without using any existing fixed network infrastructure. And it's
an autonomous system in which mobile hosts connected by wireless links are free
to be dynamically and some time act as routers at the same time, and we discuss
in this paper the distinct characteristics of traditional wired networks,
including network configuration may change at any time, there is no direction
or limit the movement and so on, and thus needed a new optional path Agreement
(Routing Protocol) to identify nodes for these actions communicate with each
other path, An ideal choice way the agreement should not only be able to find
the right path, and the Ad Hoc Network must be able to adapt to changing
network of this type at any time. and we talk in details in this paper all the
information of Mobile Ad Hoc Network which include the History of ad hoc,
wireless ad hoc, wireless mobile approaches and types of mobile ad Hoc
networks, and then we present more than 13 types of the routing Ad Hoc Networks
protocols have been proposed. In this paper, the more representative of routing
protocols, analysis of individual characteristics and advantages and
disadvantages to collate and compare, and present the all applications or the
Possible Service of Ad Hoc Networks.Comment: 24 Pages, JGraph-Hoc Journa
An Energy Driven Architecture for Wireless Sensor Networks
Most wireless sensor networks operate with very limited energy sources-their
batteries, and hence their usefulness in real life applications is severely
constrained. The challenging issues are how to optimize the use of their energy
or to harvest their own energy in order to lengthen their lives for wider
classes of application. Tackling these important issues requires a robust
architecture that takes into account the energy consumption level of functional
constituents and their interdependency. Without such architecture, it would be
difficult to formulate and optimize the overall energy consumption of a
wireless sensor network. Unlike most current researches that focus on a single
energy constituent of WSNs independent from and regardless of other
constituents, this paper presents an Energy Driven Architecture (EDA) as a new
architecture and indicates a novel approach for minimising the total energy
consumption of a WS
Proactive Highly Ambulatory Sensor Routing (PHASeR) protocol for mobile wireless sensor networks
This paper presents a novel multihop routing protocol for mobile wireless sensor networks called PHASeR (Proactive Highly Ambulatory Sensor Routing). The proposed protocol
uses a simple hop-count metric to enable the dynamic and robust routing of data towards the sink in mobile environments. It is motivated by the application of radiation mapping by unmanned vehicles, which requires the reliable and timely delivery of regular measurements to the sink. PHASeR maintains a gradient metric in mobile environments by using a global TDMA MAC layer. It also uses the technique of blind forwarding to pass messages through the network in a multipath manner. PHASeR is analysed mathematically based on packet delivery ratio, average packet delay, throughput and overhead. It is then simulated with varying mobility, scalability and traffic loads. The protocol gives good results over all measures, which suggests that it may also be suitable for a wider array of emerging applications
Mengenal pasti masalah pemahaman dan hubungannya dengan latar belakang matematik, gaya pembelajaran, motivasi dan minat pelajar terhadap bab pengawalan kos makanan di Sekolah Menengah Teknik (ert) Rembau: satu kajian kes.
Kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengkaji hubungan korelasi antara latar belakang Matematik, gaya pembelajaran, motivasi dan minat dengan pemahaman pelajar terhadap bab tersebut. Responden adalah seramai 30 orang iaitu terdiri daripada pelajar tingkatan lima kursus Katering, Sekolah Menengah Teknik (ERT) Rembau, Negeri Sembilan. Instrumen kajian adalah soal selidik dan semua data dianalisis menggunakan program SPSS versi 10.0 untuk mendapatkan nilai min dan nilai korelasi bagi memenuhi objektif yang telah ditetapkan. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa hubungan korelasi antara gaya pembelajaran pelajar terhadap pemahaman pelajar adalah kuat. Manakala hubungan korelasi antara latar belakang Matematik, motivasi dan minat terhadap pemahaman pelajar adalah sederhana. Nilai tahap min bagi masalah pemahaman pelajar, latar belakang Matematik, gaya pembelajaran, motivasi dan minat terhadap bab Pengawalan Kos Makanan adalah sederhana. Kajian ini mencadangkan penghasilan satu Modul Pembelajaran Kendiri bagi bab Pengawalan Kos Makanan untuk membantu pelajar kursus Katering dalam proses pembelajaran mereka
Machine Learning in Wireless Sensor Networks: Algorithms, Strategies, and Applications
Wireless sensor networks monitor dynamic environments that change rapidly
over time. This dynamic behavior is either caused by external factors or
initiated by the system designers themselves. To adapt to such conditions,
sensor networks often adopt machine learning techniques to eliminate the need
for unnecessary redesign. Machine learning also inspires many practical
solutions that maximize resource utilization and prolong the lifespan of the
network. In this paper, we present an extensive literature review over the
period 2002-2013 of machine learning methods that were used to address common
issues in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The advantages and disadvantages of
each proposed algorithm are evaluated against the corresponding problem. We
also provide a comparative guide to aid WSN designers in developing suitable
machine learning solutions for their specific application challenges.Comment: Accepted for publication in IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorial
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