Design of Adiabatic MTJ-CMOS Hybrid Circuits

Low-power designs are a necessity with the increasing demand of portable devices which are battery operated. In many of such devices the operational speed is not as important as battery life. Logic-in-memory structures using nano-devices and adiabatic designs are two methods to reduce the static and dynamic power consumption respectively. Magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) is an emerging technology which has many advantages when used in logic-in-memory structures in conjunction with CMOS. In this paper, we introduce a novel adiabatic hybrid MTJ/CMOS structure which is used to design AND/NAND, XOR/XNOR and 1-bit full adder circuits. We simulate the designs using HSPICE with 32nm CMOS technology and compared it with a non-adiabatic hybrid MTJ/CMOS circuits. The proposed adiabatic MTJ/CMOS full adder design has more than 7 times lower power consumtion compared to the previous MTJ/CMOS full adder

Design and Analysis of Low Run-time Leakage in a 13 Transistors Full adder in 45nm Technology

In this paper a new full adder is proposed The number of Transistors used in the proposed full adder is 13 Average leakage is 62 of conventional 28 transistor CMOS full adder The leakage power reduction results in overall power reduction The proposed full adder is evaluated by virtuoso simulation software using 45 nm technology of cadence tool

Low-Power High-Speed Double Gate 1-bit Full Adder Cell

In this paper, we proposed an efficient full adder circuit using 16 transistors. The proposed high-speed adder circuit able to operate at very low voltage and maintain the proper output voltage swing and also balanced the power consumption and speed. Proposed design is based on CMOS mixed threshold voltage logic (MTVL) and implemented in 180nm CMOS technology). In the proposed technique the most time-consuming and power consuming XOR gates and multiplexor are designed using MTVL scheme. The maximum average power consumed by the proposed circuit is 6.94µW at 1.8V supply voltage and frequency of 500 MHz, which is less than other conventional methods. Power, delay, and area are optimized by using pass transistor logic and verified using SPICE simulation tool at desired broad frequency range. It is also observed that the proposed designs successfully utilized in many cases, especially whenever the lowest power consumption and delay are aimed

Layout Design and Implementation of Adiabatic based Low Power CPAL Ripple Carry Adder

his paper presents schematic and layout design s for low power adiabatic Ripple Carry Adder which is implemented by proposed N - type & P - type Full Adder Cell . Adiabatic logic Design is the most efficient energy saving technique which provides very low power dis sipat ion for VLSI circuits. In this paper the main emphasis on the most significant technique of adiabatic logic design that is Complementary Pass Transistor Logic. Simulation results show s that energy loss of digital VLSI circuits can be greatly reduced by using Complementary Pass Transistor A diabatic Logic technique. All the circuits have been simulated on BSIM3V3 90nm technology on tanner EDA tool

ENERGY-EFFICIENT AND SECURE HARDWARE FOR INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT) DEVICES

Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of devices that are connected through the Internet to exchange the data for intelligent applications. Though IoT devices provide several advantages to improve the quality of life, they also present challenges related to security. The security issues related to IoT devices include leakage of information through Differential Power Analysis (DPA) based side channel attacks, authentication, piracy, etc. DPA is a type of side-channel attack where the attacker monitors the power consumption of the device to guess the secret key stored in it. There are several countermeasures to overcome DPA attacks. However, most of the existing countermeasures consume high power which makes them not suitable to implement in power constraint devices. IoT devices are battery operated, hence it is important to investigate the methods to design energy-efficient and secure IoT devices not susceptible to DPA attacks. In this research, we have explored the usefulness of a novel computing platform called adiabatic logic, low-leakage FinFET devices and Magnetic Tunnel Junction (MTJ) Logic-in-Memory (LiM) architecture to design energy-efficient and DPA secure hardware. Further, we have also explored the usefulness of adiabatic logic in the design of energy-efficient and reliable Physically Unclonable Function (PUF) circuits to overcome the authentication and piracy issues in IoT devices. Adiabatic logic is a low-power circuit design technique to design energy-efficient hardware. Adiabatic logic has reduced dynamic switching energy loss due to the recycling of charge to the power clock. As the first contribution of this dissertation, we have proposed a novel DPA-resistant adiabatic logic family called Energy-Efficient Secure Positive Feedback Adiabatic Logic (EE-SPFAL). EE-SPFAL based circuits are energy-efficient compared to the conventional CMOS based design because of recycling the charge after every clock cycle. Further, EE-SPFAL based circuits consume uniform power irrespective of input data transition which makes them resilience against DPA attacks. Scaling of CMOS transistors have served the industry for more than 50 years in providing integrated circuits that are denser, and cheaper along with its high performance, and low power. However, scaling of the transistors leads to increase in leakage current. Increase in leakage current reduces the energy-efficiency of the computing circuits,and increases their vulnerability to DPA attack. Hence, it is important to investigate the crypto circuits in low leakage devices such as FinFET to make them energy-efficient and DPA resistant. In this dissertation, we have proposed a novel FinFET based Secure Adiabatic Logic (FinSAL) family. FinSAL based designs utilize the low-leakage FinFET device along with adiabatic logic principles to improve energy-efficiency along with its resistance against DPA attack. Recently, Magnetic Tunnel Junction (MTJ)/CMOS based Logic-in-Memory (LiM) circuits have been explored to design low-power non-volatile hardware. Some of the advantages of MTJ device include non-volatility, near-zero leakage power, high integration density and easy compatibility with CMOS devices. However, the differences in power consumption between the switching of MTJ devices increase the vulnerability of Differential Power Analysis (DPA) based side-channel attack. Further, the MTJ/CMOS hybrid logic circuits which require frequent switching of MTJs are not very energy-efficient due to the significant energy required to switch the MTJ devices. In the third contribution of this dissertation, we have investigated a novel approach of building cryptographic hardware in MTJ/CMOS circuits using Look-Up Table (LUT) based method where the data stored in MTJs are constant during the entire encryption/decryption operation. Currently, high supply voltage is required in both writing and sensing operations of hybrid MTJ/CMOS based LiM circuits which consumes a considerable amount of energy. In order to meet the power budget in low-power devices, it is important to investigate the novel design techniques to design ultra-low-power MTJ/CMOS circuits. In the fourth contribution of this dissertation, we have proposed a novel energy-efficient Secure MTJ/CMOS Logic (SMCL) family. The proposed SMCL logic family consumes uniform power irrespective of data transition in MTJ and more energy-efficient compared to the state-of-art MTJ/ CMOS designs by using charge sharing technique. The other important contribution of this dissertation is the design of reliable Physical Unclonable Function (PUF). Physically Unclonable Function (PUF) are circuits which are used to generate secret keys to avoid the piracy and device authentication problems. However, existing PUFs consume high power and they suffer from the problem of generating unreliable bits. This dissertation have addressed this issue in PUFs by designing a novel adiabatic logic based PUF. The time ramp voltages in adiabatic PUF is utilized to improve the reliability of the PUF along with its energy-efficiency. Reliability of the adiabatic logic based PUF proposed in this dissertation is tested through simulation based temperature variations and supply voltage variations

A 2x2 Bit Multiplier Using Hybrid 13T Full Adder with Vedic Mathematics Method

Various arithmetic circuits such as multipliers require full adder (FA) as the main block for the circuit to operate. Speed and energy consumption become very vital in design consideration for a low power adder. In this paper, a 2x2 bit Vedic multiplier using hybrid full adder (HFA) with 13 transistors (13T) had been designed successfully. The design was simulated using Synopsys Custom Tools in General Purpose Design Kit (GPDK) 90 nm CMOS technology process. In this design, four AND gates and two hybrid FA (HFAs) are cascaded together and each HFA is constructed from three modules. The cascaded module is arranged in the Vedic mathematics algorithm. This algorithm satisfied the requirement of a fast multiplication operation because of the vertical and crosswise architecture from the Urdhva Triyakbyam Sutra which reduced the number of partial products compared to the conventional multiplication algorithm. With the combination of hybrid full adder and Vedic mathematics, a new combination of multiplier method with low power and low delay is produced. Performance parameters such as power consumption and delay were compared to some of the existing designs. With a 1V voltage supply, the average power consumption of the proposed multiplier was found to be 22.96 µW and a delay of 161 ps

Performance evaluation of high speed compressors for high speed multipliers

This paper describes high speed compressors for high speed parallel multipliers like Booth Multiplier, Wallace Tree Multiplier in Digital Signal Processing (DSP). This paper presents 4-3, 5-3, 6-3 and 7-3 compressors for high speed multiplication. These compressors reduce vertical critical path more rapidly than conventional compressors. A 5-3 conventional compressor can take four steps to reduce bits from 5 to 3, but the proposed 5-3 takes only 2 steps. These compressors are simulated with H-Spice at a temperature of 25°C at a supply voltage 2.0V using 90nm MOSIS technology. The Power, Delay, Power Delay Product (PDP) and Energy Delay Product (EDP) of the compressors are calculated to analyze the total propagation delay and energy consumption. All the compressors are designed with half adder and full Adders only