Ambient but not local lactate underlies neuronal tolerance to prolonged glucose deprivation

Neurons require a nearly constant supply of ATP. Glucose is the predominant source of brain ATP, but the direct effects of prolonged glucose deprivation on neuronal viability and function remain unclear. In sparse rat hippocampal microcultures, neurons were surprisingly resilient to 16 h glucose removal in the absence of secondary excitotoxicity. Neuronal survival and synaptic transmission were unaffected by prolonged removal of exogenous glucose. Inhibition of lactate transport decreased microculture neuronal survival during concurrent glucose deprivation, suggesting that endogenously released lactate is important for tolerance to glucose deprivation. Tandem depolarization and glucose deprivation also reduced neuronal survival, and trace glucose concentrations afforded neuroprotection. Mass cultures, in contrast to microcultures, were insensitive to depolarizing glucose deprivation, a difference attributable to increased extracellular lactate levels. Removal of local astrocyte support did not reduce survival in response to glucose deprivation or alter evoked excitatory transmission, suggesting that on-demand, local lactate shuttling is not necessary for neuronal tolerance to prolonged glucose removal. Taken together, these data suggest that endogenously produced lactate available globally in the extracellular milieu sustains neurons in the absence of glucose. A better understanding of resilience mechanisms in reduced preparations could lead to therapeutic strategies aimed to bolster these mechanisms in vulnerable neuronal populations

Multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention in children and adolescents - results of the project GRIT (Growth, Resilience, Insights, Thrive) pilot study

Background: During childhood and adolescence leading behavioural risk factors for the development of cardiometabolic diseases include poor diet quality and sedentary lifestyle. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility and effect of a real-world group-based multidisciplinary intervention on cardiorespiratory fitness, diet quality and self-concept in sedentary children and adolescents aged 9 to 15 years. Methods: Project GRIT (Growth, Resilience, Insights, Thrive) was a pilot single-arm intervention study. The 12-week intervention involved up to three outdoor High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) running sessions per week, five healthy eating education or cooking demonstration sessions, and one mindful eating and Emotional Freedom Technique psychology session. Outcome measures at baseline and 12-week follow-up included maximal graded cardiorespiratory testing, the Australian Child and Adolescent Eating Survey, and Piers-Harris 2 children's self-concept scale. Paired samples t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to compare baseline and follow-up outcome measures in study completers only. Results: Of the 38 recruited participants (median age 11.4 years, 53% male), 24 (63%) completed the 12-week intervention. Dropouts had significantly higher diet quality at baseline than completers. Completers attended a median 58 (IQR 55-75) % of the 33 exercise sessions, 60 (IQR 40-95) % of the dietary sessions, and 42% attended the psychology session. No serious adverse events were reported. Absolute VOpeak at 12 weeks changed by 96.2 ± 239.4 mL/min (p = 0.06). As a percentage contribution to energy intake, participants increased their intake of healthy core foods by 6.0 ± 11.1% (p = 0.02) and reduced median intake of confectionary (- 2.0 [IQR 0.0-3.0] %, p = 0.003) and baked products (- 1.0 [IQR 0.0-5.0] %, p = 0.02). Participants significantly improved self-concept with an increase in average T-Score for the total scale by 2.8 ± 5.3 (p = 0.02) and the 'physical appearance and attributes' domain scale by median 4.0 [IQR 0.5-4.0] (p = 0.02). Conclusions: The 12-week group-based multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention for children and adolescents improved diet quality and self-concept in study completers. Future practice and research should focus on providing sustainable multidisciplinary lifestyle interventions for children and adolescents aiming to improve long-term health and wellbeing. Trial registration: ANZCTR, ACTRN12618001249246. Registered 24 July 2019 - Retrospectively registere

Many-Task Computing and Blue Waters

This report discusses many-task computing (MTC) generically and in the context of the proposed Blue Waters systems, which is planned to be the largest NSF-funded supercomputer when it begins production use in 2012. The aim of this report is to inform the BW project about MTC, including understanding aspects of MTC applications that can be used to characterize the domain and understanding the implications of these aspects to middleware and policies. Many MTC applications do not neatly fit the stereotypes of high-performance computing (HPC) or high-throughput computing (HTC) applications. Like HTC applications, by definition MTC applications are structured as graphs of discrete tasks, with explicit input and output dependencies forming the graph edges. However, MTC applications have significant features that distinguish them from typical HTC applications. In particular, different engineering constraints for hardware and software must be met in order to support these applications. HTC applications have traditionally run on platforms such as grids and clusters, through either workflow systems or parallel programming systems. MTC applications, in contrast, will often demand a short time to solution, may be communication intensive or data intensive, and may comprise very short tasks. Therefore, hardware and software for MTC must be engineered to support the additional communication and I/O and must minimize task dispatch overheads. The hardware of large-scale HPC systems, with its high degree of parallelism and support for intensive communication, is well suited for MTC applications. However, HPC systems often lack a dynamic resource-provisioning feature, are not ideal for task communication via the file system, and have an I/O system that is not optimized for MTC-style applications. Hence, additional software support is likely to be required to gain full benefit from the HPC hardware

The Gut Microbiome Is Altered in a Letrozole-Induced Mouse Model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have reproductive and metabolic abnormalities that result in an increased risk of infertility, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The large intestine contains a complex community of microorganisms (the gut microbiome) that is dysregulated in humans with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Using a letrozole-induced PCOS mouse model, we demonstrated significant diet-independent changes in the gut microbial community, suggesting that gut microbiome dysbiosis may also occur in PCOS women. Letrozole treatment was associated with a time-dependent shift in the gut microbiome and a substantial reduction in overall species and phylogenetic richness. Letrozole treatment also correlated with significant changes in the abundance of specific Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes previously implicated in other mouse models of metabolic disease in a time-dependent manner. Our results suggest that the hyperandrogenemia observed in PCOS may significantly alter the gut microbiome independently of diet

Inadequate food intake at high temperatures is related to depressed mitochondrial respiratory capacity

Animals, especially ectotherms, are highly sensitive to the temperature of their surrounding environment. Extremely high temperature, for example, induces a decline of average performance of conspecifics within a population, but individual heterogeneity in the ability to cope with elevating temperatures has rarely been studied. In this study, we examined inter-individual variation in feeding ability and consequent growth rate of juvenile brown trout Salmo trutta acclimated to a high temperature (19°C), and investigated the relationship between these metrics of whole-animal performances and among-individual variation in mitochondrial respiration capacity. Food was provided ad libitum yet intake varied ten-fold amongst individuals, resulting in some fish losing weight whilst others continued to grow. Almost half of the variation in food intake was related to variability in mitochondrial capacity: low intake (and hence growth failure) was associated with high leak respiration rates within liver and muscle mitochondria, and a lower coupling of muscle mitochondria. These observations, combined with the inability of fish with low food consumption to increase their intake despite ad libitum food levels, suggest a possible insufficient capacity of the mitochondria for maintaining ATP homeostasis. Individual variation in thermal performance is likely to confer variation in the upper limit of an organism's thermal niche and in turn affect the structure of wild populations in warming environments

Contrasting Views of Complexity and Their Implications For Network-Centric Infrastructures

There exists a widely recognized need to better understand and manage complex “systems of systems,” ranging from biology, ecology, and medicine to network-centric technologies. This is motivating the search for universal laws of highly evolved systems and driving demand for new mathematics and methods that are consistent, integrative, and predictive. However, the theoretical frameworks available today are not merely fragmented but sometimes contradictory and incompatible. We argue that complexity arises in highly evolved biological and technological systems primarily to provide mechanisms to create robustness. However, this complexity itself can be a source of new fragility, leading to “robust yet fragile” tradeoffs in system design. We focus on the role of robustness and architecture in networked infrastructures, and we highlight recent advances in the theory of distributed control driven by network technologies. This view of complexity in highly organized technological and biological systems is fundamentally different from the dominant perspective in the mainstream sciences, which downplays function, constraints, and tradeoffs, and tends to minimize the role of organization and design

An allometry-based approach for understanding forest structure, predicting tree-size distribution and assessing the degree of disturbance

Tree-size distribution is one of the most investigated subjects in plant population biology. The forestry literature reports that tree-size distribution trajectories vary across different stands and/or species, while the metabolic scaling theory suggests that the tree number scales universally as -2 power of diameter. Here, we propose a simple functional scaling model in which these two opposing results are reconciled. Basic principles related to crown shape, energy optimization and the finite size scaling approach were used to define a set of relationships based on a single parameter, which allows us to predict the slope of the tree-size distributions in a steady state condition. We tested the model predictions on four temperate mountain forests. Plots (4 ha each, fully mapped) were selected with different degrees of human disturbance (semi-natural stands vs. formerly managed). Results showed that the size distribution range successfully fitted by the model is related to the degree of forest disturbance: in semi-natural forests the range is wide, while in formerly managed forests, the agreement with the model is confined to a very restricted range. We argue that simple allometric relationships, at individual level, shape the structure of the whole forest community.Comment: 22 pages, 4 figure

Jefferson Digital Commons quarterly report: April-June 2017

For Full-Text access download report. Jefferson Digital Commons Quarterly Report: April-June 2017 The Jefferson Digital Commons had another very busy quarter with assets being deposited from across the enterprise. Total number of assets deposited this quarter: 371 Total downloads for this quarter: 113,261(April 10, 2017 highest download count: 1,763) 7,500 different institutions accessed content in the JDC Asset with the most downloads this quarter: 2017 issue of Inside Out Countries visiting the JDC this quarter: 196 Below are highlighted assets that were added to the inventory along with more feedback from researchers that continue to arrive from around the globe on the impact of works found in the JDC. If you would like to have content deposited please contact: [email protected], [email protected] or [email protected] Assorted highlighted materials added to the JDC April-June 2017: 9th Annual Faculty Days Design is Not Just for Designers! Use Design Thinking & Interprofessional Hackathon Design Events to Innovate Your Curriculum or Clinical Practice Article: Sonoelastography of the Common Flexor Tendon of the Elbow with Histologic Agreement: A Cadaveric Study Grand Rounds: Mindfulness for Chronic Pain Female Sexual Dysfunction and Problems in the Postmenopausal Woman: How to Help Stella Get her Groove Back Bipolar Disorder for Primary Care Pediatric Palliative Care Epigenetic Approaches to Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Family and Community Medicine Town Hall Dare More, Do More, Live More: Living Fearlessly Beyond Cancer Translational Cancer Research: The Surgeon\u27s Role Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for HIV: A Guide to Use in Primary Care How to run away from Doctors and Hospitals Use of Teratogenic Medicines in Women of Reproductive Age Delirium Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Biomedical Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment OSA and Primary Snoring: Palatal Surgery and Office-Based Procedures Annular and ovoid lesions: Defining Moments Sports Medicine Update Jonathan Letterman, MD: The Surgeon-Soldier a his Reforms of Battlefield Medicine Statistics for Surgeons Surgical Ergonomics in Otolaryngology Have you created your database yet? Two-year Mortality in Elderly Free Flap Patients: Case-Control Study Metformin effects on head and neck squamous carcinoma microenvironment: window of opportunity trial New Therapies in the Management of Heart Failure Overlapping Surgery in 2017: Understanding the Debate and What\u27s Next Research in the Department of Family and Community Medicine at Thomas Jefferson University Erectile Dysfunction Dysregulation of microRNAs leads to target therapy Diet, Gut, Brain: An Update Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) for Substance Use Disorders The History of Medicine and LGBTQ+ Populations in the United States Hodgkin Lymphoma: Progress Made and Challenges Ahead Breast Cancer Screening in the Modern Age Improving the quality and outcomes of older women\u27s decision-making around breast cancer screening and treatment Templeton Grand Rounds: Mitral Valve Surgery for Functional MR Evaluating Sleep Issues in Primary Care Department of Surgery: The Year in Review and Integration 2.0 (2016-2017 The last week of the fiscal year) Venous Thromboemboli: Should your patient with a DVT be admitted? The Subscapular System of Flaps in Head and Neck Reconstruction Targeting Frailty in Older Patients with Heart Failure: The REHAB-HF Experience Medical Cannabis: Lessons Learned by a Family Doctor Historical Materials: Caps & Capes - Student Nurses Newspaper, 1958-1971 House Staff Quality and Improvement Patient Safety Posters “The Weekend Effect : Weekday versus Weekend comparison of patients admitted with NSTEMI in terms of length of hospital stay, door to balloon time and left ventricular function A Quality Improvement Project to Reduce the Wait Time for Initial Appointment in an Urban Outpatient Sleep Center Journal The Medicine Forum, 2017, Volume 18. Meeting Report: The Value of Cancer Immunotherapy Summit at the 2016 Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer 31st anniversary annual meeting MPH Capstone presentations: Borders and Blood Pressure: Identifying the Association of Acculturation with Hypertension Diagnoses Among Hispanic-American Immigrants Partnerships to Improve Community Health (PICH) Initiative on Nutrition in Wilmington, DE: An Assessment of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Perceptions of Living with Chronic Illness as Type 2 Diabetic Transgender Adults Addressing Obesity in the Early Head Start Community Through Environmental and Educational Means (Pilot Program) Screening for Adolescent Alcohol and Other Drug Use by Jefferson Providers: Methods, Barriers and Facilitators Self-Reported Prostate Cancer Screening Among Men Aged 45+ in Southeastern Pennsylvania: Trends from 2008-2015 and Correlates from 2015 Shedding Light on Communication Disorders in Syrian Refugee Children Veterans Status and Its Impact on Mental Health, Access, Use, Alcohol Use and Suicide Outcomes of Teen Pregnancies Delivered at University of Texas Medical Branch in 2013 The Impact of Case Management Interventions on Hospital Readmission Rates and Emergency Department Visits Weight Gain in Obese Pregnant Women and Risk for Cesarean Delivery by Class of Obesity Human Rights of Refugees, Immigrants and the Internally Displaced Assessing STD Knowledge and Attitudes of Campus Hookup Culture at Philadelphia University Policy and Public Health Implications for Exchange of Super Protected Data in Pennsylvania A Mixed-Methods Approach to Developing a Short-Form Opioid Abuse Screening Tool Climate Change and Resulting Floods: Using Social Capital to Strengthen Community Resilience in Eastwick, A Known Floodplan Retrospective Cohort Study of Refugee HealthCare Utilization in Philadelphia, 2007-2016 Healthcare utilization patterns among refugees resettled in the United States: A Systematic Review Developing and designing a sustainable evaluative program protocol that aims to deliver affordable quality eye-care to underserved children within the Philadelphia School District Evaluation of the Hit Count as a Concussion Prevention Strategy in a Youth (4-14 years old) Football League: A Grant Proposal Indego Helmet Assessment How Does an Understanding of the Lower Extremity Amputation Patient Population That a Large Urban Podiatric Practice Serves Improve the Care of that Population? Transition to and from the Nursing Home: A Qualitative Study of People Severely Disabled by Multiple Sclerosis and Measurement of Self-Efficacy MS in Applied Health Economics and Outcomes Research: Identification of Cognitively Impaired Patients At Risk For Development of Alzheimer\u27s Disease: An Analysis of US Medicare Claims Data MS in Health Policy: What Bundled Payment Structure Should Physical Therapists Support for Patients After Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty? Consumer Cost Transparency Initiatives in Pennsylvania MS in Healthcare Quality and Safety: Implementation of Standardized Discharge Rounds as a Tool to Decrease Length of Stay in an Acute Care Hospital Implementation of Standardized Screening for Cognitive Dysfunction at a Multispecialty Group Practice Comparing Effectiveness Between Departments of Initiatives to Improve Stroke Prevention for Atrial Fibrillation Patients A Collaborative Approach to Improving Door-to-Needle Times in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke Standardizing the Use of Chlorhexidine Gluconate (CHG) Wipes in the Preoperative Area Prior to Colon, Hysterectomy, Total Hip, and Total Knee Surgery: Does Direct Observation Increase Compliance? News: Jefferson Digital Commons quarterly report: January-March 2017 Conference Posters Archived in the Jefferson Digital Commons Jefferson College of Population Health Capstones New to the Jefferson Digital Commons New Presentations in the Jefferson Digital Commons Newsletters: A Word from the Writing Center (April 2017) A Word from the Writing Center (May 2017) A Word from the Writing Center (June 2017) JCIPE Spring 2017 Inside Out, Spring 2016 Inside Out, Spring 2017 Sci-Tech Newsletter, June 2017 Occupational Therapy student capstones: Improving Sexual Intimacy of Adults with Physical Disabilities Sleep: Its Impact on Health Effects of Alternative Seating in the Classroom Effects of Transition Services for Students with Cerebral Palsy on Employment Podcasts: New Developments in Genetic/Genomic Testing: Implications for Population Health Improving Health Outcomes: Meeting the Basic Needs of Populations Posters: Evaluating Value-Based Frameworks Used for Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma Regimens: ICER Report, ASCO Value Framework, and NCCN Evidence Blocks Cost Savings and Efficiency Realized Decreasing Orders for Type and Crossmatching ST elevation myocardial infarction in a young adult: Expect the unexpected Looking beyond the traditional: integrating a new curriculum design into an immersion practicum evaluation tool Perceptions of Accelerated Bachelor of Science in Nursing Program Graduates Regarding Andragogical Practices Employed by Faculty Infection Prevention and Control in Baccalaureate Nursing Education: Identifying Content, Teaching Strategies and Gaps Book Club at Intern Orientation to Help Frame Professional Identity Pre-Admission Blood Pressure and Outcome in a Large Telestroke Cohort Socioeconomic Status and Stroke Outcome Increased Density of Axonal Spheroids in the Nucleus Gracilis of the Lower Brainstem in Diabetic Versus Non-Diabetic Patients The Bug-Bag: Consolidating Medications to Cut Costs Generation of CRISPR knockout of IDH1 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell line: An optimal model to study pancreatic cancer metabolic reprogramming Evidence in Action: Impact of Early Occupational Therapy Intervention in the Complex Stroke Patient A Comparative Analysis of the Paris System and Institutional Reporting System for Urine Cytology in Upper Tract Urothelial Specimens Treatment-Related Decisional Conflict, Quality of Life, and Comorbid Illness in Older Adults with Cancer Predictors of HPV Vaccination Series Completion in Philadelphia Adolescents Exploring the Role of Life Review Videos with Patients Diagnosed with Advanced Cancer Gathering Qualitative Feedback and Demonstrating Value for an Institutional Repository (IR) Patient Attitudes Toward a Physician Led Radiology Review: Improved Understanding of Medical Conditions and a Potential New Quality Metric Inappropriate electrolyte repletion for patients undergoing endoscopic procedures Assessing the Burden of Unnecessary Central Venous Catheters in Patients on Medical-Surgical Floors The Use of Telemetry Monitoring Among General Medicine Patients Improving Medication Reconciliation Using Provider Education and an EHR Hard Stop Helping to Support CPC+ Initiative to Integrate Behavioral Health Within Primary Care: A Team-Based Approach to Improving Depression Management Lost in Translation: A Standardized, Interdepartmental Approach to Improve the Safety of Inpatient Transitions of Care Under Pressure: Ambulatory Blood Pressure Control Obstacles and Challenges to Implementing Multi-departmental QI at a Large, Academic Training Center-Lessons Learned from a HCV Screening Program Improving Pneumococcal Vaccination Rates in Jefferson Hospital Ambulatory Practice Patients Improving Colon Cancer Screening in a Resident Ambulatory Clinic Got Sugar? Pharmacist Intervention to Improve A1c The Case of the 10 Pound Giant: A Near Miss Root Cause Analysis Should we Set a Formalized Discharge Instruction Education Standard? Presentations: RNA matters lecture series: The Human tRNA Story: A Complex Epigenomic Landscape Unfolds Medicare at 50: Its Effect on Disparities Surgery Resident Research Day Presentations: GCC as a Therapeutic Target in Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells Exploring Complications and Quality of Life Following Paraesophageal Hernia Repair A spoonful of sugar: The role of IDH1 and metabolic reprogramming in pancreatic cancer Multi-institutional Evaluation of Adherence to Comprehensive Postoperative Venous Thromboembolism Chemoprophylaxis Implementing ICOUGH: The Messy Science of Quality Improvement The Effect of a HIF Prolyl Hydroxylase inhibitor on Liver Regeneration after Partial Hepatectomy in Mice Molecular Profiling of Resected Pancreatic Cancer: the Potentia Personalizing Adjuvant Therapy Drug Discovery in Pancreatic Cancer: The Power of the Pathway Approach What People are Saying About the JDC: Country: US Role: faculty Resource URL: http://jdc.jefferson.edu/medfp/153/ Comments: For teaching purpose Name: Betty Patricia Harrell Country: US Role: researcher Resource URL: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/46965911.pdf Comments: Too many volumes as I researcher Bricker, William Henry for genealogy I became fascinated by the sciences of the early 1900\u27s and could not stop...Thank you putting them online for free. Name: Leticia Ghelman Country: BR (Brazil) Role: student Resource URL: http://jdc.jefferson.edu/fmfp/7/ Comments: I am a student at Universidade Estacio de Sa- Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, College of Nutrition. We are writing a paper about Nutrition Literacy and would love to have access to the NLS. It would really help us in the development of our work, which is being conducted at a loca government family practice. Thank you in advance Name: Alam Country: AE (United Arab Emirates) Role: student Comments: Good work Referring Page: http://jdc.jefferson.edu/mphcapstone_presentation/143/ Country: US Role: physician, member of antibiotic stewardship comm Comments: good info on use of bandemia in clinical practice http://jdc.jefferson.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1103&context=medfp Name: Lauren Wiseman Country: US Role: Non-profit Regional HIE Resource URL: http://jdc.jefferson.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=ms_hqs Comments: We are seeking information on medication reconciliation with HIE as we strive to provide valuable use cases for our participants. Name: B. J. Strickland Country: US Role: genealogist Resource URL: http://jdc.jefferson.edu/jmc_catalogs/50/ Comments: Thank you for making this Annual Announcement available. I am in the middle of doing genealogical research on my family. This 1861-1862 Jefferson Medical College annual announcement has my great grandfather\u27s name, Dr. James S. Washington, on the graduate list. This piece of personal history is very rewarding. Thanks again

Resting state functional connectivity in the default mode network and aerobic exercise in young adults

Around the world Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is on the rise. Previous studies have shown the default mode network (DMN) sees changes with AD progression as the disease erodes away cortical areas. Aerobic exercise with significant increases to cardiorespiratory fitness could show neuro-protective changes to delay AD. This study will explore if functional connectivity changes in the DMN can be seen in a young adult sample by using group independent component analysis through FSL MELODIC. The young adult sample of 19 were selected from a larger study at the Brain Plasticity and Neuroimaging Laboratory at Boston University. The participants engaged in a twelve-week exercise intervention in either a strength training or aerobic training group. They also completed pre-intervention and post-intervention resting-state fMRI scans to evaluate change in functional connectivity in the default mode network. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed using a modified Balke protocol with pre-intervention and post-intervention VO2 max percentiles being used. Through two repeated-measure ANOVA analyses, this study found no significant increase in mean functional connectivity or cardiorespiratory fitness in the young adult sample. While improvements in mean VO2 max percentile and functional connectivity would have been seen with a larger sample size, this study adds to the literature by suggesting if fitness does not improve significantly, neither will functional connectivity in the default mode network