Radio Planning and Management of Energy-Efficient Wireless Access Networks

RÉSUMÉ Dans les dernières années, le secteur des Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication (TIC) a transformé la façon dont nous vivons: il joue un rôle principal sur le développement économique et la productivité, en offrant des services innovants qui sont devenus partie intégrante de la vie quotidienne. En raison de ce phénomène, l'effet des technologies de l'information et de la communication sur le réchauffement climatique ne peut plus être ignoré. Le concept des TIC Vertes (ou Green ICT, en anglais) est né dans le but de stimuler la recherche vers des solutions respectueuses de l'environnement et économes en énergie. Étant une partie important des TIC, les réseaux de télécommunication connaissent une croissance en plein essor. Les contraintes de qualité de service et de capacité sont les principaux responsables de l'augmentation de la consommation d'énergie; en particulier, une grande partie de la facture d'électricité des opérateurs de réseaux est due aux exigences élevées de puissance des stations de base sans fil, qui ont été identifiées comme les composantes les plus énergivores des réseaux. Jusqu'à présent, l'industrie de la communication mobile s'est essentiellement concentrée sur le développement de terminaux mobiles à faible consommation d'énergie afin d'attirer un plus grand nombre de clients et, par conséquent, d'augmenter les profits des opérateurs; en revanche, le monde de la recherche étudie la question de l'efficacité énergétique d'un point de vue plus large. En plus des études sur dispositifs et protocoles économes en puissance, des travaux plus récents ont abordé la problème du design et du fonctionnement éco-énergétiques dans les infrastructures de réseaux câblés et sans fil. De nombreux aspects de la planification et gestion des réseaux verts ont été explorés. Cependant, les deux problèmes n'ont jamais été liés et abordés à la fois, en négligeant le fait que l'efficacité d'une gestion de réseau à faible consommation d'énergie dépend en grande partie des décisions prises dans la phase de design.----------ABSTRACT In the last years, the ICT sector has transformed the way we live. Consistently delivering innovative products and services, the ICT assumed a primary role on economic development and productivity, becoming an integral part of everyday life. However, due to their wide and constantly increasing diffusion, the effect of information and communication technologies on global warming can no longer be ignored. The concept of Green ICT has originated with the aim of building awareness of this, thus boosting the research toward environmentally sustainable, energy-efficient technologies and solutions. As an important part of the ICT, telecommunication networks are experiencing a booming growth. Capacity issues and quality of service constraints are some of the main concerns that contribute to raise the power consumption. In particular, a large portion of the electricity bill results from the high power requirements of wireless base stations, which have been proved to be the most energy-hungry network components. Up to now, the mobile communication industry has focused mostly on the development of power-efficient mobile terminals, so as to attract a higher number of customers and consequently increase the operators' profits; on the other hand, the research world has been investigating energy efficiency from a wider point of view. Besides studies on power-efficient devices and protocols, more recent works addressed the problem of energy-aware design and operation in wired and wireless network infrastructures. Many aspects and challenges of green network planning and management have been explored; nevertheless, the two problems have never been linked and tackled at the same time, neglecting the fact that an effective power-efficient network operation largely depends on the decisions taken in the design phase. The research presented in this doctoral thesis aims at filling this gap by developing an optimization framework that jointly considers the design and operation of wireless networks. The proposed joint planning and energy management problem (JPEM) strives to prove that, when cell sleeping is adopted as network management technique, the level of flexibility offered by the installed topology strongly improves the system capability to adapt to the varying traffic load. By minimizing the trade-off between capital expenditures (CapEx) related to the network deployment and operational expenditures (OpEx) calculated over the network lifetime, the model finds the most energy-efficient network topology while meeting the capital investment limitations imposed by the mobile operator

INSAM Journal of Contemporary Music, Art and Technology 2

The subject of machine learning and creativity, as well as its appropriation in arts is the focus of this issue with our Main theme of – Artificial Intelligence in Music, Arts, and Theory. In our invitation to collaborators, we discussed our standing preoccupation with the exploration of technology in contemporary theory and artistic practice. The invitation also noted that this time we are encouraged and inspired by Catherine Malabou’s new observations regarding brain plasticity and the metamorphosis of (natural and artificial) intelligence. Revising her previous stance that the difference between brain plasticity and computational architecture is not authentic and grounded, Malabou admits in her new book, Métamorphoses de l'intelligence: Que faire de leur cerveau bleu? (2017), that plasticity – the potential of neuron architecture to be shaped by environment, habits, and education – can also be a feature of artificial intelligence. “The future of artificial intelligence,” she writes, “is biological.” We wanted to provoke a debate about what machines can learn and what we can learn from them, especially regarding contemporary art practices. On this note, I am happy to see that our proposition has provoked intriguing and unique responses from various different disciplines including: theory of art, aesthetics of music, musicology, and media studies. The pieces in the (Inter)view section deal with machine and computational creativity, as well as the some of the principles of contemporary art. Reviews give us an insight into a couple of relevant reading points for this discussion and a retrospective of one engaging festival that also fits this theme

An Investigation on Benefit-Cost Analysis of Greenhouse Structures in Antalya

Significant population increase across the world, loss of cultivable land and increasing demand for food put pressure on agriculture. To meet the demand, greenhouses are built, which are, light structures with transparent cladding material in order to provide controlled microclimatic environment proper for plant production. Conceptually, greenhouses are similar with manufacturing buildings where a controlled environment for manufacturing and production have been provided and proper spaces for standardized production processes have been enabled. Parallel with the trends in the world, particularly in southern regions, greenhouse structures have been increasingly constructed and operated in Turkey. A significant number of greenhouses are located at Antalya. The satellite images demonstrated that for over last three decades, there has been a continuous invasion of greenhouses on all cultivable land. There are various researches and attempts for the improvement of greenhouse design and for increasing food production by decreasing required energy consumption. However, the majority of greenhouses in Turkey are very rudimentary structures where capital required for investment is low, but maintenance requirements are high when compared with new generation greenhouse structures. In this research paper, life-long capital requirements for construction and operation of greenhouse buildings in Antalya has been investigated by using benefit-cost analysis study

Knowledge Capturing in Design Briefing Process for Requirement Elicitation and Validation

Knowledge capturing and reusing are major processes of knowledge management that deal with the elicitation of valuable knowledge via some techniques and methods for use in actual and further studies, projects, services, or products. The construction industry, as well, adopts and uses some of these concepts to improve various construction processes and stages. From pre-design to building delivery knowledge management principles and briefing frameworks have been implemented across project stakeholders: client, design teams, construction teams, consultants, and facility management teams. At pre-design and design stages, understanding the client’s needs and users’ knowledge are crucial for identifying and articulating the expected requirements and objectives. Due to underperforming results and missed goals and objectives, many projects finish with highly dissatisfied clients and loss of contracts for some organizations. Knowledge capturing has beneficial effects via its principles and methods on requirement elicitation and validation at the briefing stage between user, client and designer. This paper presents the importance and usage of knowledge capturing and reusing in briefing process at pre-design and design stages especially the involvement of client and user, and explores the techniques and technologies that are usable in briefing process for requirement elicitation

Social Transformation toward Sustainable Society

Transformation refers to a dramatic change, which prompts a different form to\ud the new one. In natural science, this is associated with a metamorphosis\ud process, which convert something into a new form or nature. In the context of\ud social science, social transformation refers to social change in dramatic way,\ud while business transformation designates fundamental changes in business\ud way to achieve its specific purposes, such as high level of efficiency, market\ud value or financial sustainability. The study of business and social\ud transformation sheds new light on an important contingency and resourcebased\ud theory, which reveals pathways for continuing research.In emerging economies, social transformation indicates a new wave of\ud development studies, which brings about new concept of sustainable\ud development, followed by sustained superior performance. The capacity of\ud organization to deal with environmental turbulence, such as market,\ud competitiveness, technology and policy plays pivotal role on superior\ud performance and sustainability. This paper discusses the concept of social\ud transformation and sustainable community, which provides challenge for\ud conceptual and empirical research

Women in Nontraditional Occupations: a mixed methods qualitative case study on women in the U.S. concrete-construction industry

The purpose of this mixed methods qualitative case study is to gain a deeper understanding about the factors that contribute to and/or hinder women’s participation in the construction industry by examining women’s experiences within one very industry-specific, male-dominated nontraditional occupation (NTO)—the concrete industry. In this study I utilized a combination of methods including interviews and survey research, as well as case analysis of an organization specifically involved with this population, the Women In Concrete Alliance (WICA). This investigation identifiesd some of the reasons why women’s participation remains low, discusses some of ways that the private, public, and educational sectors have set out to address those shortages, how women working in the field felt feel about those initiatives based upon their experiences, and what systems of support these women draw upon to remain active in a male-dominated profession. As women’s associations within NTOs are one relatively formal potential means of support for women facing occupational isolation, this study also examines different types of organizations to which women working in NTOs belong (e.g. membership, educational, advocacy, trades). I want to know in what ways the organizations benefit members; how the organizations support themselves or are supported financially

Women in Nontraditional Occupations: a mixed methods qualitative case study on women in the U.S. concrete-construction industry

The purpose of this mixed methods qualitative case study is to gain a deeper understanding about the factors that contribute to and/or hinder women’s participation in the construction industry by examining women’s experiences within one very industry-specific, male-dominated nontraditional occupation (NTO)—the concrete industry. In this study I utilized a combination of methods including interviews and survey research, as well as case analysis of an organization specifically involved with this population, the Women In Concrete Alliance (WICA). This investigation identifiesd some of the reasons why women’s participation remains low, discusses some of ways that the private, public, and educational sectors have set out to address those shortages, how women working in the field felt feel about those initiatives based upon their experiences, and what systems of support these women draw upon to remain active in a male-dominated profession. As women’s associations within NTOs are one relatively formal potential means of support for women facing occupational isolation, this study also examines different types of organizations to which women working in NTOs belong (e.g. membership, educational, advocacy, trades). I want to know in what ways the organizations benefit members; how the organizations support themselves or are supported financially