An architecture for integrating distributed and cooperating knowledge-based Air Force decision aids

MITRE has been developing a Knowledge-Based Battle Management Testbed for evaluating the viability of integrating independently-developed knowledge-based decision aids in the Air Force tactical domain. The primary goal for the testbed architecture is to permit a new system to be added to a testbed with little change to the system's software. Each system that connects to the testbed network declares that it can provide a number of services to other systems. When a system wants to use another system's service, it does not address the server system by name, but instead transmits a request to the testbed network asking for a particular service to be performed. A key component of the testbed architecture is a common database which uses a relational database management system (RDBMS). The RDBMS provides a database update notification service to requesting systems. Normally, each system is expected to monitor data relations of interest to it. Alternatively, a system may broadcast an announcement message to inform other systems that an event of potential interest has occurred. Current research is aimed at dealing with issues resulting from integration efforts, such as dealing with potential mismatches of each system's assumptions about the common database, decentralizing network control, and coordinating multiple agents

A development framework for artificial intelligence based distributed operations support systems

Advanced automation is required to reduce costly human operations support requirements for complex space-based and ground control systems. Existing knowledge based technologies have been used successfully to automate individual operations tasks. Considerably less progress has been made in integrating and coordinating multiple operations applications for unified intelligent support systems. To fill this gap, SOCIAL, a tool set for developing Distributed Artificial Intelligence (DAI) systems is being constructed. SOCIAL consists of three primary language based components defining: models of interprocess communication across heterogeneous platforms; models for interprocess coordination, concurrency control, and fault management; and for accessing heterogeneous information resources. DAI applications subsystems, either new or existing, will access these distributed services non-intrusively, via high-level message-based protocols. SOCIAL will reduce the complexity of distributed communications, control, and integration, enabling developers to concentrate on the design and functionality of the target DAI system itself

MedTxting: learning based and knowledge rich SMS-style medical text contraction

In mobile health (M-health), Short Message Service (SMS) has shown to improve disease related self-management and health service outcomes, leading to enhanced patient care. However, the hard limit on character size for each message limits the full value of exploring SMS communication in health care practices. To overcome this problem and improve the efficiency of clinical workflow, we developed an innovative system, MedTxting (available at http://medtxting.askhermes.org), which is a learning-based but knowledge-rich system that compresses medical texts in a SMS style. Evaluations on clinical questions and discharge summary narratives show that MedTxting can effectively compress medical texts with reasonable readability and noticeable size reduction. Findings in this work reveal potentials of MedTxting to the clinical settings, allowing for real-time and cost-effective communication, such as patient condition reporting, medication consulting, physicians connecting to share expertise to improve point of care

Joint User Association and Bandwidth Allocation in Semantic Communication Networks

Semantic communication (SemCom) has recently been considered a promising solution to guarantee high resource utilization and transmission reliability for future wireless networks. Nevertheless, the unique demand for background knowledge matching makes it challenging to achieve efficient wireless resource management for multiple users in SemCom-enabled networks (SC-Nets). To this end, this paper investigates SemCom from a networking perspective, where two fundamental problems of user association (UA) and bandwidth allocation (BA) are systematically addressed in the SC-Net. First, considering varying knowledge matching states between mobile users and associated base stations, we identify two general SC-Net scenarios, namely perfect knowledge matching-based SC-Net and imperfect knowledge matching-based SC-Net. Afterward, for each SC-Net scenario, we describe its distinctive semantic channel model from the semantic information theory perspective, whereby a concept of bit-rate-to-message-rate transformation is developed along with a new semantics-level metric, namely system throughput in message (STM), to measure the overall network performance. In this way, we then formulate a joint STM-maximization problem of UA and BA for each SC-Net scenario, followed by a corresponding optimal solution proposed. Numerical results in both scenarios demonstrate significant superiority and reliability of our solutions in the STM performance compared with two benchmarks.Comment: This paper has been accepted for publication by IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. Copyright may be transferred without notice, after which this version may no longer be accessibl

KNOWLEDGE SHARING AND NEGOTIATION SUPPORT IN MULTIPERSON DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS

A number of DSS for supporting decisions by more than one person have been proposed. These can be categorized by spatial distance (local vs. remote), temporal distance (meeting vs. mailing), commonality of goals (cooperation vs. bargaining), and control (democratic vs. hierarchical). Existing frameworks for model management in single-user DSS seem insufficient for such systems. This paper views multiperson DSS as a loosely coupled system of model and data bases which may be human (the DSS builders and users) or computerized. The systems components have different knowledge bases and may have different interests. Their interaction is characterized by knowledge sharing for uncertainty reduction and cooperative problem-solving, and negotiation for view integration, consensus-seeking, and compromise. Requirements for the different types of multiperson DSS can be formalized as application-level communications protocols. Based on a literature review and recent experience with a number of multiperson DSS prototypes, artificial intelligence-based message-passing protocols are compared with database-centered approaches and model-based techniques, such as multicriteria decision making.Information Systems Working Papers Serie

Determining Components of Dance Interpretation for Encouraging Dance Teacher Interpretation Skills

The article explores development possibilities of future dance teachers’ interpretation skills based on the findings on interpretation and its underlying components in the dance by philosophy and theory scientists. Dance is a combination of movement and art - a specific form, a system of codes with certain elements. Dance as a work of art – a cultural product – is characterized exactly by its interpretation eventuality – performer’s artistic activity. Interpretation possibility in dance is determined by knowledge, skills and skills in dance language, as well as the use of this language within a certain dance genre and style in expressing one’s individual style and message. Aim of the Article is to analyze key components of Dance Interpretation and to substantiate their importance for encouraging Dance Teacher Interpretation Skills. The Article use both theoretical research method and scientific knowledge and observations during practical work at Riga Teacher Training and Educational Management Academy (RTTEMA)

Reply With: Proactive Recommendation of Email Attachments

Email responses often contain items-such as a file or a hyperlink to an external document-that are attached to or included inline in the body of the message. Analysis of an enterprise email corpus reveals that 35% of the time when users include these items as part of their response, the attachable item is already present in their inbox or sent folder. A modern email client can proactively retrieve relevant attachable items from the user's past emails based on the context of the current conversation, and recommend them for inclusion, to reduce the time and effort involved in composing the response. In this paper, we propose a weakly supervised learning framework for recommending attachable items to the user. As email search systems are commonly available, we constrain the recommendation task to formulating effective search queries from the context of the conversations. The query is submitted to an existing IR system to retrieve relevant items for attachment. We also present a novel strategy for generating labels from an email corpus---without the need for manual annotations---that can be used to train and evaluate the query formulation model. In addition, we describe a deep convolutional neural network that demonstrates satisfactory performance on this query formulation task when evaluated on the publicly available Avocado dataset and a proprietary dataset of internal emails obtained through an employee participation program.Comment: CIKM2017. Proceedings of the 26th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management. 201

Climate variability and El Niño Southern Oscillation: implications for natural coastal resources and management

The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) significantly influences marine ecosystems and the sustained exploitation of marine resources in the coastal zone of the Humboldt Current upwelling system. Both its warm (El Niño: EN) and cold (La Niña: LN) phase have drastic implications for the ecology, socio-economy and infrastructure along most of PaciWc South America. Local artisanal fisheries, which especially suffer from the effects of EN, represent a major part for the domestic economy of Chile and Peru and in consequence a huge amount of published and unpublished studies exists aiming at identifying effects of EN and LN. However, most processes and underlying mechanisms fostering the ecology of organisms along Pacific South America have not been analyzed yet and for the marine realm most knowledge is traditionally based on rather descriptive approaches. We herein advocate that small-scale comparative and interdisciplinary process studies work as one possible solution to understand better the variability observed in EN/LN effects at local scale. We propose that differences in small-scale impacts of ENSO along the coast rather than the macro-ecological and oceanographic view are essential for the sustainable management of costal ecosystems and the livelihood of the people depending on it. Based on this, we summarize the conceptual approach from the EU-funded International Science and Technology Cooperation (INCO) project “Climate variability and El Niño Southern Oscillation: Implications for Natural Coastal Resources and Management (CENSOR)” that aims at enhancing the detection, compilation, and understanding of EN and LN effects on the coastal zone and its natural resources. We promote a multidisciplinary avenue within present international funding schemes, with the intention to bridge the traditional gap between basic and applied coastal research. The long-term aim is an increased mitigation of harm caused by EN as well as a better use of beneficial effects, with the possibility to improve the livelihood of human coastal populations along Pacific South America and taking differences between local socio-economic structures of the countries affected by EN into consideration. The success of such an approach however, does finally rely upon a willingness of the recourse users and the various political and economic stakeholders involved to taking on the message as part of sustainable management strategies

THE EFFECT OF EDUCATION ON GENERAL DENTISTS’ KNOWLEDGE OF DENTAL TRAUMA MANAGEMENT

Abstract. Background: The complexity of dentoalveolar trauma needs proper knowledge and skills by dentist to treat them appropriately. There is evidence in the literature that general dentists do not have sufficient level of knowledge in this regard. Objective: To assess the effect of training by distance education via cell phone text messaging as well as showing posters on the knowledge of general dentists with regard to management of dental traumas in Zahedan, Iran in 2014. Methods: In this experimental study, 86 general dentists were included.. Firstly, the particpants’ knowledge of dental trauma management was determined using a standard questionnaire. The questionnaire responses was based on the 2013 Dental Trauma Guide with scoring system (with total score range of 0 to 29). Then, educational intervention was started and explanations with correct answers to the items covered in the questionnaire were presented to the particpants via showing posters or sending text messages by cell phones every 48 hours for 2 weeks. Once more, post-test with the questionnaire was done. Results: Before education, older dentists (> 41 years old) had significantly lower mean (SD) knowledge score (14.86 ± 3.48) vs. younger dentists (19.63 ± 4.17 in 31-40 years and 17.51± 4.85 in 25-30 years groups); P= 0.004. Mean (±SD) knowledge score before the education was 17.79 (±4.67) which increased to 24.2 (±2.93) after the education (P< 0.001). Conclusion: Education about dental trauma for general dentists via showing posters and sendings message texts by cell phone was an effective method with significant results.Keywords: Dental; trauma; knowledge; education; cell phone; distance education

Encyclopedia of Portal Technologies and Applications - Enterprise Portals and Web Services Integration

Portals went through the following different life cycle stages: desktop organization and personalization; single intranet-based portals such as human resource and Internet product-based or industry-based portals; functional-based portals such as knowledge management and business intelligence; and integrated intranet-based enterprise portal (EP) covering some or all functions of the enterprise (see for example http://www.ebizq.net/topics/eai/features/1650. html on how integrating portals and business process management (BPM) enabled the presentation of an integrated view of diverse back-end databases). Current research and practice efforts are directed toward making portals an open system supporting different platforms and allowing its integration into emerging technologies such as Web services (WS). A WS, on the other hand, is defined as an integrating loosely coupled application that uses three major standards: WSDL (definition of WS), UDDI (registry and discovery of WS), and SOAP (access of a WS). However, strongly coupled applications may also benefit from WS technologies to componentized diverse application platforms (i.e., databases, file-based legacy systems) using WS technologies. The article emphasizes cross-organization integration of business function and processes, rather than simply accessing general purpose WS such as weather forecasts and currency conversion. This article highlights challenges stemming from technologies and management issues and opportunities for enhanced application integration and accessibility. Technology-based integration could follow either standard-based open architecture or product-based approach. Current technologies include the product-based MS .NET and the standard-based J2EE and XML. Major players in EP and WS technologies include IBM, Microsoft, Oracle, and BEA, with dedicated efforts and strong commitments to the integration of EP and WS. Major issues related to the management of both technologies include transaction management, message control and choreography, workflow management, and security. The following sections detail the discussions on these challenges and describe opportunities though a master-slave relationship between the two technologies. chaLLEngE