279,283 research outputs found
Knowledge construction: the role of data mining tools
This paper seeks to integrate the process of knowledge discovery in databases in the wider context of the creation and sharing of organisational knowledge. The focus on the process of knowledge discovery has been mainly technological. The paper attempts to enrich that perspective by stressing the insights gained by integrating the knowledge discovery process into the social process of knowledge construction that makes KDD meaningful. In order to achieve this goal, a test case is presented. A component of the database of the Portuguese Army was used to test the PADRÃO system. This system integrates a set of databases and principles of qualitative spatial reasoning, which are implemented in the Clementine Data Mining system. The process and the results obtained are then discussed in order to stress the insights that emerge when the focus changes from technology to the social construction of knowledge
Innovation as a Nonlinear Process, the Scientometric Perspective, and the Specification of an "Innovation Opportunities Explorer"
The process of innovation follows non-linear patterns across the domains of
science, technology, and the economy. Novel bibliometric mapping techniques can
be used to investigate and represent distinctive, but complementary
perspectives on the innovation process (e.g., "demand" and "supply") as well as
the interactions among these perspectives. The perspectives can be represented
as "continents" of data related to varying extents over time. For example, the
different branches of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) in the Medline database
provide sources of such perspectives (e.g., "Diseases" versus "Drugs and
Chemicals"). The multiple-perspective approach enables us to reconstruct facets
of the dynamics of innovation, in terms of selection mechanisms shaping
localizable trajectories and/or resulting in more globalized regimes. By
expanding the data with patents and scholarly publications, we demonstrate the
use of this multi-perspective approach in the case of RNA Interference (RNAi).
The possibility to develop an "Innovation Opportunities Explorer" is specified.Comment: Technology Analysis and Strategic Management (forthcoming in 2013
Abstracts and Abstracting in Knowledge Discovery
published or submitted for publicatio
The future of technology enhanced active learning – a roadmap
The notion of active learning refers to the active involvement of learner in the learning process,
capturing ideas of learning-by-doing and the fact that active participation and knowledge construction leads to deeper and more sustained learning. Interactivity, in particular learnercontent interaction, is a central aspect of technology-enhanced active learning. In this roadmap,
the pedagogical background is discussed, the essential dimensions of technology-enhanced active learning systems are outlined and the factors that are expected to influence these systems currently and in the future are identified. A central aim is to address this promising field from a
best practices perspective, clarifying central issues and formulating an agenda for future developments in the form of a roadmap
The computer revolution in science: steps towards the realization of computer-supported discovery environments
The tools that scientists use in their search processes together form so-called discovery environments. The promise of artificial intelligence and other branches of computer science is to radically transform conventional discovery environments by equipping scientists with a range of powerful computer tools including large-scale, shared knowledge bases and discovery programs. We will describe the future computer-supported discovery environments that may result, and illustrate by means of a realistic scenario how scientists come to new discoveries in these environments. In order to make the step from the current generation of discovery tools to computer-supported discovery environments like the one presented in the scenario, developers should realize that such environments are large-scale sociotechnical systems. They should not just focus on isolated computer programs, but also pay attention to the question how these programs will be used and maintained by scientists in research practices. In order to help developers of discovery programs in achieving the integration of their tools in discovery environments, we will formulate a set of guidelines that developers could follow
Data as a Service (DaaS) for sharing and processing of large data collections in the cloud
Data as a Service (DaaS) is among the latest kind of services being investigated in the Cloud computing community. The main aim of DaaS is to overcome limitations of state-of-the-art approaches in data technologies, according to which data is stored and accessed from repositories whose location is known and is relevant for sharing and processing. Besides limitations for the data sharing, current approaches also do not achieve to fully separate/decouple software services from data and thus impose limitations in inter-operability. In this paper we propose a DaaS approach for intelligent sharing and processing of large data collections with the aim of abstracting the data location (by making it relevant to the needs of sharing and accessing) and to fully decouple the data and its processing. The aim of our approach is to build a Cloud computing platform, offering DaaS to support large communities of users that need to share, access, and process the data for collectively building knowledge from data. We exemplify the approach from large data collections from health and biology domains.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft
Bibliometric Perspectives on Medical Innovation using the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) of PubMed
Multiple perspectives on the nonlinear processes of medical innovations can
be distinguished and combined using the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) of the
Medline database. Focusing on three main branches-"diseases," "drugs and
chemicals," and "techniques and equipment"-we use base maps and overlay
techniques to investigate the translations and interactions and thus to gain a
bibliometric perspective on the dynamics of medical innovations. To this end,
we first analyze the Medline database, the MeSH index tree, and the various
options for a static mapping from different perspectives and at different
levels of aggregation. Following a specific innovation (RNA interference) over
time, the notion of a trajectory which leaves a signature in the database is
elaborated. Can the detailed index terms describing the dynamics of research be
used to predict the diffusion dynamics of research results? Possibilities are
specified for further integration between the Medline database, on the one
hand, and the Science Citation Index and Scopus (containing citation
information), on the other.Comment: forthcoming in the Journal of the American Society for Information
Science and Technolog
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