6 research outputs found
Simulation of the RPL Routing Protocol for IPv6 Sensor Networks: two cases studies
International audienceThe routing protocol for low power and lossy networks (RPL) was recently designed in the ROLL working group at IETF. Few simulation tools exist that enable its evaluation in order to prepare for its real deployment. In this paper, we provide a new evaluation of this protocol with two approaches using two different simulators adapted to our needs. We first evaluated the value of mobile sinks in wireless sensor networks to extend the network lifetime using a sensor network simulator, WSNet, augmented by our own RPL module. We then focus on the performance comparison of simulated sensor networks and real powerline communication networks (PLC) using the RPL capable COOJA simulator augmented by our own PLC module. In each case, we justify the simulator choice, describe the tools implemented and present the obtained results. Our studies give two new RPL evaluations and show the interest of choosing a simulation tool adapted to the targeted study with the associated software developments. As a conclusion, we demonstrated how these two case studies can be combined in a heterogeneous network architecture to extend its global lifetime
Heterogeneous PLC-RF networking for LLNs
Session Posters & DemosInternational audienceDans le contexte de l' Ă©volution de l'automatisation des maisons, des bĂątiments et des villes, notre vision des futures infrastructures de communication place le rĂ©seau CPL comme le point central. GrĂące Ă la convergence des couches rĂ©seau autour d'IPv6, nous montrons que l'intĂ©gration du CPL avec les rĂ©seaux de capteurs sans fil est possible mĂȘme dans des dispositifs trĂšs contraints pour offrir une augmentation significative de leur durĂ©e de vie, de leur fiabilitĂ© et de leurs capacitĂ©s de routage
Protocoles de support IPv6 pour réseaux de capteurs sur courant porteur en ligne
This thesis demonstrate the relevance of Powerline Communication (PLC) usage for sensor networks applications. We focus in particular on the low power and low data rate PLC technol- ogy "Watt Pulse Communication" (WPC) developed by the Watteco company and justify its usage for sensor network applications. We situate the WPC technology in the PLC landscape and define compatible protocols. We then describe the WPC module and the PLC media im- plementation in the COOJA network simulator. This allows us to propose a network solution over this technology, leveraging on the adaptation of the 802.15.4 standard over the WPC tech- nology. We then demonstrate the benefit of media convergence at the network layer level, with the use of the IPv6 standard that we adapted over our PLC solution thanks to the 6LoWPAN protocol. We justify the usage of standards protocols over our PLC solution and show that a routing solutions must be developed over WPC. We show through experiments that our PLC solution match low power and lossy network (LLNs) criterions for which the RPL standard pro- tocol has been designed. We justify the usage of this routing protocol over our PLC solution, and validate its implementation through 2 experiments conducted in tertiary types buildings. Respectively composed of 7 and 26 PLC nodes, results show that the routing topology created by RPL enable the coverage an entire floor of a tertiary building with a tree based topology and 3 hops maximum path length. We also show that the WPC technology exhibits a high connectivity between nodes and that the link quality is highly dynamic. Though, we observed that the routing topology was able to handle these variations. We point out the limitations of our PLC solution, which presents high delays and low throughput, creating high constraints on applications. Our sensor network solution over PLC relies on the IP standard, enabling packets exchanges with other technologies using the same protocol. In particular, we study the possi- bility to create heterogeneous networks mixing the WPC technology with 802.15.4 radio. We show that our protocol stack used over PLC enable to create this type of network, in order to benefit from the best of these 2 worlds. We purpose an architecture of a hybrid Radio / PLC node enabling to transfer packets between these 2 media. Then, we show that the combined usage of these 2 media increase the number of available paths and facilitate the routing, while diminishing the number of hops and possible unreachability of nodes. We then demonstrate that the addition of PLC and Radio/PLC nodes in a RF based battery powered sensor network enable to relieve their routing charge in order to expand their lifetime. We then continue the energy study with a power consumption optimization of a wireless sensor network platform from the hardware and software standpoint. We first determine the operating frequency, the wake up frequency and the mode of operation of the micro controller offering the lowest power consump- tion. We then conduct an energy study of 4 different radio transceivers using the 2.4 GHz and 868 MHz frequency band, in order to determine the most efficient architecture. We determine the protocols parameters and the software optimization to reach the lower power consumption of this architecture. Finally, we realize the energy study of several probes than can be embedded on the node, according to their nature and functioning mode. Our final architecture exhibits a total power consumption that is lower than 17 ÎŒW, with an applicative reporting each 10 minutes and the maintenance of the reachability with the network. We also mention in annex parts our implication in standards developments organizations such as the IETF a the IPSO alliance, that allow us to validate the implementation of our solution through interoperability events.Cette theÌse deÌmontre la pertinence de lâutilisation du Courant Porteur en Ligne (CPL) pour des applications de reÌseaux de capteurs. Nous nous focalisons sur la technologie basse consomma- tion et bas deÌbit "WPC" deÌveloppeÌe par la socieÌteÌ Watteco et nous montrons que son utilisation est justifieÌe pour des applications de reÌseaux de capteurs. Nous situons la solution WPC dans le paysage du CPL et deÌterminons les protocoles compatibles. Nous deÌcrivons ensuite lâimpleÌ- mentation du module WPC et du meÌdia CPL dans le simulateur de reÌseau COOJA afin de proposer une solution reÌseau reposant sur lâadaptation du standard 802.15.4 sur la technologie WPC. Nous deÌmontrons ensuite lâinteÌreÌt de la convergence des meÌdias au niveau reÌseau par lâutilisation du standard IPv6, que nous adaptons sur notre solution CPL graÌce au protocole 6LoWPAN. Nous justifions lâutilisation des protocoles standards de lâIETF sur notre solution CPL et nous montrons quâune solution de routage sur CPL doit eÌtre deÌveloppeÌe. Nous montrons par des expeÌrimentations que notre solution CPL correspond aux criteÌres des reÌseaux basse puis- sance et supportant les pertes de transmissions (LLNs) pour lesquels le protocole standard RPL a eÌteÌ conçu. Nous justifions lâutilisation de ce protocole sur CPL, et validons son impleÌmenta- tion dans le cadre de 2 expeÌrimentations. FormeÌes respectivement de 7 puis 26 noeuds CPL, les reÌsultats montrent que le routage creÌeÌ par RPL permet de couvrir un eÌtage dâun baÌtiment avec une topologie de type arbre et une profondeur de 3 sauts maximum. Nous montrons eÌgalement que la technologie WPC permet une connectiviteÌ importante entre les noeuds du reÌseau et que la qualiteÌ des liens est fortement dynamique, mais que le routage permet de sâadapter aÌ ces variations. Nous pointons eÌgalement les limites de notre solution CPL qui preÌsente des deÌlais importants et des deÌbits faibles, geÌneÌrant de contraintes fortes sur les applications. Notre solu- tion de reÌseau de capteur sur CPL repose sur le standard IP, permettant des eÌchanges de paquets avec dâautres technologies. Nous eÌtudions ainsi la possibiliteÌ de creÌer des reÌseaux heÌteÌrogeÌnes meÌlangeant la technologie WPC et radio 802.15.4. Nous montrons que notre pile protocolaire permet la creÌation de ce type de reÌseau, afin de profiter du meilleur des 2 mondes. Nous deÌcri- vons ainsi lâarchitecture dâun noeud hybride Radio FreÌquence (RF) / CPL permettant de faire transiter les paquets entre ces 2 meÌdias. Nous montrons ensuite que lâutilisation combineÌe de ces 2 meÌdias augmente le nombre de chemins disponibles et permet de faciliter le routage, en diminuant le nombre de sauts et le risque que certains noeuds du reÌseau soient inaccessibles. Nous deÌmontrons ensuite que lâinjection de noeuds CPL et RF/CPL dans un reÌseau formeÌ de noeuds RF sur batterie permet de les deÌlester de leur charge de routage afin de prolonger leur dureÌe de vie. Nous preÌsentons ensuite une optimisation eÌnergeÌtique mateÌrielle et logicielle dâun noeud radio. Nous deÌterminons les parameÌtres des protocoles et les optimisations logicielles per- mettant de tirer au mieux partie de cette architecture et nous reÌalisons lâeÌtude eÌnergeÌtique de la sonde embarqueÌe sur le noeud. Au final, notre architecture preÌsente une consommation totale infeÌrieure aÌ 17 ÎŒW. Nous indiquons dans les annexes nos implications dans les organismes de standardisation qui ont permis de valider lâimpleÌmentation
802.15.4, a MAC layer solution for PLC
International audienceTechnology evolution have made possible to connect all kind of devices to IP network. This becomes an evident objective for sensors networks research. The IETF 6LoWPAN RFC proposal was developed in that sense to use the benefit of IPV6 over wirelessly connected sensors (WSN). The IEEE 802.15.4 MAC layer stack being popular in the domain of wireless sensors within constrained resources, a few 6LoWPAN adaptations already exist. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of using IPv6 for sensor networks connected through powerline communication (PLC) non-wireless mediums and demonstrate possible interoperability. This document propose the first adaptation of the IEEE 802.15.4 commons standard on PLC medium. Following this standard interface, we demonstrate the possibility to carry out data on PLC with great reliability, and low power energy requirement using our WPCTMphysical layer (called Watt Pulse Communication (WPC)). This al- lows to benefit from the development of WSN research for PLC communication networks. Moreover, such a IEEE 802.15.4/6LoWPAN communication stack provides a generic communication standard for heterogeneous sensors networks. Thus, we finally demonstrate interoperability with tests between powerline and wireless sensor networks running IEEE 802.15.4/6LoWPAN stacks