Hyperspectral unmixing accounting for spatial correlations and endmember variability

International audienceThis paper presents an unsupervised Bayesian algorithm for hyperspectral image unmixing accounting for endmember variability. This variability is obtained by assuming that each pixel is a linear combination of random endmembers weighted by their corresponding abundances. An additive noise is also considered in the proposed model generalizing the normal compositional model. The proposed model is unsupervised since it estimates the abundances and both the mean and the covariance matrix of each endmember. A classification map indicating the class of each pixel is also obtained based on the estimated abundances. Simulations conducted on a real dataset show the potential of the proposed model in terms of unmixing performance for the analysis of hyperspectral images

Park Young-hee, ‘A Ward Woven with Moonlight’ (1923): A Translation with an Overview of Korean Decadence

Although decadence was predominantly focused on Western Europe, particularly France and Britain, its influence reached as far as the Korean peninsula, during the early twentieth century when the nation was under Japanese rule. Regrettably, this facet of global decadence has been somewhat neglected within the realm of academia until now. During the mid-Victorian period and onwards, the exchange of cultures facilitated a significant influence of Japanese art on European artists, who developed a strong affinity for the opulence of ‘Oriental’ aesthetics, commonly known as Japonisme. Simultaneously, Japan actively pursued westernization throughout the Meiji (1868-1912) and Taisho (1912-1926) eras, embracing and emulating various aspects of Western culture. Unsurprisingly, academic discussion in the English language on decadence in East Asia, or ‘Oriental’ motifs in decadence, has predominantly examined Japan’s literature and art, resulting in a substantial body of academic work in this field since the 1960s.[i]   [i] Such as Imura Kimie, '日本におけるオスカー・ワイルド--移入期-1-’ [‘Nippon Ni Okeru Oscar Wilde: I’nyuki (Dai Ichibu)’], Tsurumi Joshidaigaku Kiyō 鶴見女子大学紀要, 7 (1969), 39-60). Qi Chen, ‘The Circulation of Oscar Wilde’s Prose and Poems in Japan (1868–1926)’, Literature Compass, 10.3 (2013), 288-99. Yoko Hirata, ‘Oscar Wilde and Honma Hisao, the First Translator of “De Profundis” into Japanese’, Japan Review, 21 (2009), 241-66. Joseph Lavery, ‘Remote Proximities: Aesthetics, Orientalism, and the Intimate Life of Japanese Objects’, ELH, 83.4 (2016), 1159-83

The success of luxury brands in Japan and their uncertain future

The Japanese are the world?s largest individual consumers of luxury brands and form the second largest market for luxury goods after the US. The Japanese were the driving force behind the exponential growth of the European luxury industry and the resulting ?democratization of luxury?. This concept of giving everyone access to luxury branded goods is a paradox because it abandons the exclusivity that was the original basis of the European luxury industry in the hands of skilled designers and craftsmen. By making luxury branded goods widely accessible to most consumers they run a major risk of becoming simply too ?common?. The 2007-8 economic crisis adversely affected the luxury market, producing a general backlash against ?conspicuous consumption?. In Japan, as in most countries in the world, the crisis reduced consumers? discretionary spending, but in addition it also accelerated the fundamental shift in the attitude and behavior of Japanese luxury consumers.Japanese consumers of luxury brands, Japan the largest luxury market in the world, conspicuous consumption, democratization of luxury, luxury brands as status symbols, luxury brands as badges of economic success, parasite singles

A Ground between Beaux-Arts, Modernism, and Chineseness: Tracing Modernities in China's Architectural Education and Practice, 1919-1949

Architecture, as a body of knowledge embodied in education and profession, is a transplanted discipline in China, a country possessed millennia of building history without so-called architects until the turn of last century. It was during the first four decades of the twentieth century that the Chinese inaugurated formal training and associated partnerships with 'home-grown' architects, whose first generation consisted of young professionals returned to their motherland from formal training in foreign institutions. Inevitably, multiple approaches and distinctive trajectories were introduced in accordance with educators' overseas backgrounds, meaning that Euro-American and Japanese paradigms or methods influenced China's architectural pedagogy. This essay focuses on a nebulous middle ground amid Beaux-Arts, Modernism and 'Chineseness' between 1919 and 1949. It was during this seminal epoch that architectural teaching became established in China. Taken together, this work aims at exploring the intellectual and pedagogic intersections through a trilogy of themes: practice, pedagogy, and discourse. In addition to constructing an overview of the territory underpinned by these three domains, the essay concentrates primarily on the pedagogical and institutional context that collectively characterised China's architectural heterogeneity before 1949

SALT AND PEPPER NOISE REMOVING IN GRAY IMAGES BASED ON FUZZY LOGIC

Digital image processing plays a pivotal role in various fields, from medical imaging to surveillance systems. However, the acquired images are often susceptible to various types of noise, such in the form of salt and pepper noise, which can severely degrade image quality and hinder subsequent analysis.In this study, we introduce a fuzzy impulse noise removal algorithm as a potential solution. The efficiency of the suggested algorithms is assessed by comparing their performance to various existing noise removal methods. Objective measurements, including peak signal-to-noise ratio and mean square error, are used to evaluate the results. The findings demonstrate that the proposed algorithms deliver excellent outcomes in noise reduction and image detail preservation across a broad range of noise densities

Incorporating Fine-grained Events in Stock Movement Prediction

Considering event structure information has proven helpful in text-based stock movement prediction. However, existing works mainly adopt the coarse-grained events, which loses the specific semantic information of diverse event types. In this work, we propose to incorporate the fine-grained events in stock movement prediction. Firstly, we propose a professional finance event dictionary built by domain experts and use it to extract fine-grained events automatically from finance news. Then we design a neural model to combine finance news with fine-grained event structure and stock trade data to predict the stock movement. Besides, in order to improve the generalizability of the proposed method, we design an advanced model that uses the extracted fine-grained events as the distant supervised label to train a multi-task framework of event extraction and stock prediction. The experimental results show that our method outperforms all the baselines and has good generalizability.Comment: Accepted by 2th ECONLP workshop in EMNLP201

Generation Objects, Icons, Architecture and Collections: Object lessons from the work of Douglas Coupland

In a complex and rapidly changing world, Douglas Coupland has recorded, described and narrated his way around multiple different creative disciplines. The dominant theme of his works appears to be related to ‘accelerated culture’ and the increasing rate of change, which is itself clearly within the post-modern tradition (Forshaw, 2000) of culturally self-referencing, concentration, exaggeration and ironically reinventing ideas. His writing and his artwork have always been full of slogans and references to this sort of popular culture, or more accurately, popular consumer culture. However, in addition to these zeitgeist references are the appearance of artefacts and objects throughout his work that are representative of this type of consumerism

An operational radiometric correction technique for shadow reduction in multispectral uav imagery

This study focuses on the recovery of information from shadowed pixels in RGB or multispectral imagery sensed from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The proposed technique is based on the concept that a property characterizing a given surface is its spectral reflectance, i.e., the ratio between the flux reflected by the surface and the radiant flux received by the surface, and this ratio is usually similar under direct-plus-diffuse irradiance and under diffuse irradiance when a Lambertian behavior can be assumed. Scene-dependent elements, such as trees, shrubs, man-made constructions, or terrain relief, can block part of the direct irradiance (usually sunbeams), in which part of the surface only receives diffuse irradiance. As a consequence, shadowed surfaces comprising pixels of the image created by the UAV remote sensor appear. Regardless of whether the imagery is analyzed by means of photointerpretation or digital classification methods, when the objective is to create land cover maps, it is hard to treat these areas in a coherent way in terms of the areas receiving direct and diffuse irradiance. The hypothesis of the present work is that the relationship between irradiance conditions in shadowed areas and non-shadowed areas can be determined by following classical empirical line techniques for fulfilling the objective of a coherent treatment in both kinds of areas. The novelty of the presented method relies on the simultaneous recovery of information in non-shadowed and shadowed areas by the in situ spectral reflectance measurements of characterized Lambertian targets followed by smoothing of the penumbra area. Once in the lab, firstly, we accurately detected the shadowed pixels by combining two well-known techniques for the detection of the shadowed areas: (1) using a physical approach based on the sun's position and the digital surface model of the area covered by the imagery; and (2) the image-based approach using the histogram properties of the intensity image. In this paper, we present the benefits of the combined usage of both techniques. Secondly, we applied a fit between non-shadowed and shadowed areas by using a twin set of spectrally characterized target sets. One set was placed under direct and diffuse irradiance (non-shadowed targets), whereas the second set (with the same spectral characteristics) was placed under diffuse irradiance (shadowed targets). Assuming that the reflectance of the homologous targets of each set was the same, we approximated the diffuse incoming irradiance through an empirical line correction. The model was applied to all detected shadowed areas in the whole scene. Finally, a smoothing filter was applied to the penumbra transitions. The presented empirical method allowed the operational and coherent recovery of information from shadowed areas, which is very common in high-resolution UAV imagery

Spatial Prior Fuzziness Pool-Based Interactive Classification of Hyperspectral Images

Acquisition of labeled data for supervised Hyperspectral Image (HSI) classification is expensive in terms of both time and costs. Moreover, manual selection and labeling are often subjective and tend to induce redundancy into the classifier. Active learning (AL) can be a suitable approach for HSI classification as it integrates data acquisition to the classifier design by ranking the unlabeled data to provide advice for the next query that has the highest training utility. However, multiclass AL techniques tend to include redundant samples into the classifier to some extent. This paper addresses such a problem by introducing an AL pipeline which preserves the most representative and spatially heterogeneous samples. The adopted strategy for sample selection utilizes fuzziness to assess the mapping between actual output and the approximated a-posteriori probabilities, computed by a marginal probability distribution based on discriminative random fields. The samples selected in each iteration are then provided to the spectral angle mapper-based objective function to reduce the inter-class redundancy. Experiments on five HSI benchmark datasets confirmed that the proposed Fuzziness and Spectral Angle Mapper (FSAM)-AL pipeline presents competitive results compared to the state-of-the-art sample selection techniques, leading to lower computational requirements