Determining electric vehicle charging point locations considering drivers' daily activities

In this paper the daily temporal and spatial behavior of electric vehicles (EVs) is modelled using an activity-based (ActBM) microsimulation model for Flanders region (Belgium). Assuming that all EVs are completely charged at the beginning of the day, this mobility model is used to determine the percentage of Flemish vehicles that cannot cover their programmed daily trips and need to be recharged during the day. Assuming a variable electricity price, an optimization algorithm determines when and where EVs can be recharged at minimum cost for their owners. This optimization takes into account the individual mobility constraint for each vehicle, as they can only be charged when the car is stopped and the owner is performing an activity. From this information, the aggregated electric demand for Flanders is obtained, identifying the most overloaded areas at the critical hours. Finally it is also analyzed what activities EV owners are underway during their recharging period. From this analysis, different actions for public charging point deployment in different areas and for different activities are proposed

Fiscal adjustment in greece : in search for sustainable public finances

This paper analyses Greek fiscal sustainability from a retrospective and a prospective view. Implications of Greek fiscal (un)sustainability are discussed. In the empirical analysis econometric testing of Greek government solvency during the period 1985-2008 is combined with a scenario analysis of budgetary adjustments during the period 2011-2030 under alternative hypotheses

Der Rhein-(Maas-)Schelde-Kanal als geplante Infrastrukturzelle von 1946–1985

Der Titel dieses Buches verweist auf die Forschungsanliegen: die Aufarbeitung der Historie des Rhein-Maas-Schelde-Kanals sowie das Vorantreiben der historischen Infrastrukturforschung. Im Zentrum letzterer steht das „Zellenmodell“: Infrastruktur wird als Gefüge einer variablen Anzahl von Zellen interpretiert. Eine dieser Zellen ist die gescheiterte West-Ost-Magistrale Rhein-Maas-Schelde-Kanal, die Diskussionen hierzu umfassen vier Phasen: 1626–1838, 1839–1938, 1939–1963 und 1964–1985. Wesentliche Diskussionsaspekte ab 1939 stellten einerseits die Abriegelung der ursprünglichen Nord-Süd-Verbindung Antwerpens zum Rhein im Jahr 1865/67 durch die Niederlande dar, die mit dieser Maßnahme zielgerichtet das belgische Nachbarland vom Handel über den Binnenwasserweg abschnitten. Andererseits fand zeitgleich zwischen den deutschen, belgischen und niederländischen Städten der Rhein-Maas-Region ein kontrovers geführter Interessenkonflikt um die Anbindung der eigenen Stadt an den Antwerpener Seehandel statt

BIG DATA IN SMART CITIES: A SYSTEMATIC MAPPING REVIEW

Big data is an emerging area of research and its prospective applications in smart cities are extensively recognized. In this study, we provide a breadth-first review of the domain “Big Data in Smart Cities” by applying the formal research method of systematic mapping. We investigated the primary sources of publication, research growth, maturity level of the research area, prominent research themes, type of analytics applied, and the areas of smart cities where big data research is produced. Consequently, we identified that empirical research in the domain has been progressing since 2013. The IEEE Access journal and IEEE Smart Cities Conference are the leading sources of literature containing 10.34% and 13.88% of the publications, respectively. The current state of the research is semi-matured where research type of 46.15% of the publications is solution and experience, and contribution type of 60% of the publications is architecture, platform, and framework. Prescriptive is least whereas predictive is the most applied type of analytics in smart cities as it has been stated in 43.08% of the publications. Overall, 33.85%, 21.54%, 13.85%, 12.31%, 7.69%, 6.15%, and 4.61% of the research produced in the domain focused on smart transportation, smart environment, smart governance, smart healthcare, smart energy, smart education, and smart safety, respectively. Besides the requirement for producing validation and evaluation research in the areas of smart transportation and smart environment, there is a need for more research efforts in the areas of smart healthcare, smart governance, smart safety, smart education, and smart energy. Furthermore, the potential of prescriptive analytics in smart cities is also an area of research that needs to be explored

Service discovery and prediction on Pervasive Information System

International audienceRecent evolution of technology and its usages, such as BYOD (Bring Your Own Device) and IoT (Internet of Things), transformed the way we interact with Information Systems (IS), leading to a new generation of IS, called the Pervasive Information Systems (PIS). These systems have to face heterogeneous pervasive environments and hide the complexity of such environment end-user. In order to reach transparency and proactivity necessary for successful PIS, new discovery and prediction mechanisms are necessary. In this paper, we present a new user-centric approach for PIS and propose new service discovery and prediction based on both user's context and intentions. Intentions allow focusing on goals user wants to satisfy when requesting a service. Those intentions rise in a given context, which influence the service implementation. We propose a service discovery mechanism that observes user's context and intention in order to offer him/her the most appropriate service satisfying her/his intention on the current context. We also propose a prediction mechanism that tries to anticipate user's intentions considering the user's history and the observed context. We evaluate both mechanisms and discuss advanced features future PIS will have to deal with

Diaspora and Disaster

On March 11, 2011 the North-East of Japan was hit by a massive magnitude 9 earthquake. The earthquake was followed by a tsunami that destroyed farmland, cities, factories and the infrastructure of the coastal regions and also caused the nuclear meltdowns in the Fukushima Daiichi Powerplant. In media as well as in research the disaster was perceived as a national catastrophe, overlooking itstransnational character. Japanese diasporic communities worldwide organized support and fundraising events to support the devastated regions and thus showed their solidarity with the homeland. In both transient and permanent Japanese communities being active often became a means to overcome the global, local and personal shockwave of the catastrophe and overcome feelings of insecurity. Yet, the broad variety of activities also furthered diasporic civil society and helped to integrate members of Japanese communities more into the surrounding society. By bringing together disaster studies and diaspora studies and analyzing the reactions of Japanese transient and permanent communities in Ghent, Brussels, Dusseldorf, Sao Paulo, Honolulu and London following the Triple Disaster, this volume will help to get a better understanding of how catastrophes effect diasporic communities

Diaspora and Disaster

On March 11, 2011 the North-East of Japan was hit by a massive magnitude 9 earthquake. The earthquake was followed by a tsunami that destroyed farmland, cities, factories and the infrastructure of the coastal regions and also caused the nuclear meltdowns in the Fukushima Daiichi Powerplant. In media as well as in research the disaster was perceived as a national catastrophe, overlooking itstransnational character. Japanese diasporic communities worldwide organized support and fundraising events to support the devastated regions and thus showed their solidarity with the homeland. In both transient and permanent Japanese communities being active often became a means to overcome the global, local and personal shockwave of the catastrophe and overcome feelings of insecurity. Yet, the broad variety of activities also furthered diasporic civil society and helped to integrate members of Japanese communities more into the surrounding society. By bringing together disaster studies and diaspora studies and analyzing the reactions of Japanese transient and permanent communities in Ghent, Brussels, Dusseldorf, Sao Paulo, Honolulu and London following the Triple Disaster, this volume will help to get a better understanding of how catastrophes effect diasporic communities

SoK: A Stratified Approach to Blockchain Decentralization

Decentralization has been touted as the principal security advantage which propelled blockchain systems at the forefront of developments in the financial technology space. Its exact semantics nevertheless remain highly contested and ambiguous, with proponents and critics disagreeing widely on the level of decentralization offered. To address this, we put forth a systematization of the current landscape with respect to decentralization and we derive a methodology that can help direct future research towards defining and measuring decentralization. Our approach dissects blockchain systems into multiple layers, or strata, each possibly encapsulating multiple categories, and enables a unified method for measuring decentralization in each one. Our layers are (1) hardware, (2) software, (3) network, (4) consensus, (5) economics ("tokenomics"), (6) API, (7) governance, and (8) geography. Armed with this stratification, we examine for each layer which pertinent properties of distributed ledgers (safety, liveness, privacy, stability) can be at risk due to centralization and in what way. Our work highlights the challenges in measuring and achieving decentralization, points to the degree of (de)centralization of various existing systems, where such assessment can be made from presently available public information, and suggests potential metrics and directions where future research is needed. We also introduce the "Minimum Decentralization Test", as a way to assess the decentralization state of a blockchain system and, as an exemplary case, we showcase how it can be applied to Bitcoin

Der Rhein-(Maas-)Schelde-Kanal als geplante Infrastrukturzelle von 1946–1985

Der Titel dieses Buches verweist auf die Forschungsanliegen: die Aufarbeitung der Historie des Rhein-Maas-Schelde-Kanals sowie das Vorantreiben der historischen Infrastrukturforschung. Im Zentrum letzterer steht das „Zellenmodell“: Infrastruktur wird als Gefüge einer variablen Anzahl von Zellen interpretiert. Eine dieser Zellen ist die gescheiterte West-Ost-Magistrale Rhein-Maas-Schelde-Kanal, die Diskussionen hierzu umfassen vier Phasen: 1626–1838, 1839–1938, 1939–1963 und 1964–1985. Wesentliche Diskussionsaspekte ab 1939 stellten einerseits die Abriegelung der ursprünglichen Nord-Süd-Verbindung Antwerpens zum Rhein im Jahr 1865/67 durch die Niederlande dar, die mit dieser Maßnahme zielgerichtet das belgische Nachbarland vom Handel über den Binnenwasserweg abschnitten. Andererseits fand zeitgleich zwischen den deutschen, belgischen und niederländischen Städten der Rhein-Maas-Region ein kontrovers geführter Interessenkonflikt um die Anbindung der eigenen Stadt an den Antwerpener Seehandel statt