Test 504: John Deere 40 S

EXPLANATION OF TEST REPORT: John Deere 40 S TEST A: The manufacturer\u27s representative operates the tractor for a minimum of 12 hours using light to heavy drawbar loads in each gear. This serves as a period for limber up, general observation and adjustments. Adjustments that are permissible include valve tappet clearance, breaker ,point gap, spark plug gaps, clutch and others of a similar nature. No new parts or accessories can be installed without having mention made of it in the report. No data\u27 are recorded during this preliminary run except the time that the engine is operated. BELT HORSEPOWER TESTS TEST B: The throttle valve is hdd wide opened and the belt load on the dynamometer is adjusted so that the engine is at the rated speed recommended by the manufacturer. Carburetor, ignition timing and manifold adjustments are all set for maximum engine power. This test is designed to determine maximum belt horsepower of the tractor at ra.te.d speed and to measure fuel consumption at the maximum power on the belt. TEST C: For tractors with carburetors the best fuel economy does not always occur when the engine develops maximum power at rated speed. Test C is intended to allow the manufacturer\u27s representative to select a more economical fuel setting even though there is a slight loss of power. This more practical carburetor setting is used in all later tests except test F. The throttle valve is held wide open and load adjusted to give rated rpm. Tests Band C are the same for diesel tractors, which have an altogether different fuel system. TEST D: The throttle control lever is set so that the governor will maintain rated engine speed when rated load is applied. Rated load is 85% of 100% maximum, as obtained in test B, corrected to standard conditions. This rating is somewhat less than the maximum belt horsepower in order that the operator may have a certain amount of reserve. TEST E: Varying load serves to show the range of engine speeds when the engine is controlled by the governor during the following varied loads of 20 minutes each: rated load, no load, 1/2 rated load, maximum load at wide open throttle valve, 1/4 and 3/4 rated load. The average result of this test shows the average power and fuel consumption. Since the average tractor is subjected to varying loads, these data serve well in predicting fuel consumptionand efficiency of a tractor in general use. Torque, lb-ft at dynamometer, is obtained with wide open throttle and sufficient load is applied to give several readings. DRAWBAR HORSEPOWER TESTS In all drawbar tests the pull exerted by the tractor is transmitted by a hydraulic pressure cylinder to a recording instrument in the test car. All tests are made on the same dirt test course which is maintained by grading, sprinkling and rolling so that it remains very nearly the same throughout the season. The same tires, wheels and weights are used for all tests except J and K. TEST F: A drawbar test, the results of which are used to determine the rated drawbar horsepower in test H. The carburetor is set to develop maximum power as in test B. The rated gear recommended by manufacturer as plow gear is used in this test. The drawbar load is adjusted to give rated engine speed. TEST G: Maximum drawbar horsepower is determined in each gear when the carburetor is set for fuel economy as in test C. The throttle valve is held wide open and the load is applied so that the engine runs at rated engine speed. When operating in low gear it is not uncommon for the tractor to develop less drawbar horsepower than in rated gear because of excessive wheel slippage. When excessive wheel slippage occurs the load is reduced until slippage approaches 16%. When the load is reduced it is necessary to operate the tractor engine at part throttle and control engine speed by governor action. TEST H: Intended to test the ability of the tractor to run continuously for 10 hours at rated drawbar horsepower and to determine the fuel consumption during that time. Rated drawbar horsepower is 75% of 10°% maximum drawbar horsepower (Test F), corrected to standard conditions. When operating at rated load the throttle control lever is set to maintain rated engine speed. This rating is less than maximum drawbar horsepower in order that the operator may have a certain amount of reserve. TEST J: The tractor is operated in rated gear with all added weight removed. This test shows the effect of the removal of added weight on the performance of the tractor when compared with test G. Removal of wheel weights generally increases wheel slippage and decreases drawbar horsepower. TEST K: Similar to test J except that the smallest tires and lightest wheels offered by the manufacturer are used

The effect of variable rest intervals and chronic ankle instability on triplanar ankle motion during performance of the Star Excursion Balance Test

Inadequate rest intervals may contribute to impaired performance during functional tests. However, the effect of different rest intervals on performance of the SEBT in individuals with and without CAI is not known. Our purposes were to determine whether different rest intervals impact ankle kinematics during the SEBT and whether there differences between those two populations. 24 controls and 24 CAI completed 3 trials in 3 reach directions (anteromedial; AM, medial; M, posteromedial; PM). The order of rest intervals and reach distance were randomized and counterbalanced. Three visits were required to complete the 3 rest interval conditions (10, 20, 40 s). Rest interval did not impact ankle kinematics between controls and CAI during the SEBT. Dorsiflexion (DF) (AM:partial eta(2) = 0.18; M:partial eta(2) = 0.23; PM:partial eta(2) = 0.23) for all directions and tibial internal rotation (TIR) excursions (AM:partial eta(2) = 0.20) for AM direction were greater in individuals with CAI regardless of rest interval length. Rest intervals ranging from 10 to 40 s did not influence ankle kinematics. Differences exist in DF and TIR between controls and CAI during the SEBT. These findings suggest that clinicians can use any rest interval between 10 and 40 s when administrating the SEBT. However, triplanar motion differs during a complex functional movement in controls compared to CAI

Quasi-periodic pulsations in the gamma-ray emission of a solar flare

Quasi-periodic pulsations (QPPs) of gamma-ray emission with a period of about 40 s are found in a single loop X-class solar flare on 2005 January 1 at photon energies up to 2-6 MeV with the SOlar Neutrons and Gamma-rays (SONG) experiment aboard the CORONAS-F mission. The oscillations are also found to be present in the microwave emission detected with the Nobeyama Radioheliograph, and in the hard X-ray and low energy gamma-ray channels of RHESSI. Periodogram and correlation analysis shows that the 40 s QPPs of microwave, hard X-ray, and gamma-ray emission are almost synchronous in all observation bands. Analysis of the spatial structure of hard X-ray and low energy (80-225 keV) gamma-ray QPP with RHESSI reveals synchronous while asymmetric QPP at both footpoints of the flaring loop. The difference between the averaged hard X-ray fluxes coming from the two footpoint sources is found to oscillate with a period of about 13 s for five cycles in the highest emission stage of the flare. The proposed mechanism generating the 40 s QPP is a triggering of magnetic reconnection by a kink oscillation in a nearby loop. The 13 s periodicity could be produced by the second harmonics of the sausage mode of the flaring loop

Test 546: John Deere 40 S All-Fuel

EXPLANATION OF TEST REPORT: John Deere 40 S All-Fuel TEST A: The manufacturer\u27s representative operates the tractor for a minimum of 12 hours using light to heavy drawbar loads in each gear. This serves as a period for limber up, general observation and adjustments. Adjustments that are permissible include valve tappet clearance, breaker ,point gap, spark plug gaps, clutch and others of a similar nature. No new parts or accessories can be installed without having mention made of it in the report. No data\u27 are recorded during this preliminary run except the time that the engine is operated. BELT HORSEPOWER TESTS TEST B: The throttle valve is hdd wide opened and the belt load on the dynamometer is adjusted so that the engine is at the rated speed recommended by the manufacturer. Carburetor, ignition timing and manifold adjustments are all set for maximum engine power. This test is designed to determine maximum belt horsepower of the tractor at ra.te.d speed and to measure fuel consumption at the maximum power on the belt. TEST C: For tractors with carburetors the best fuel economy does not always occur when the engine develops maximum power at rated speed. Test C is intended to allow the manufacturer\u27s representative to select a more economical fuel setting even though there is a slight loss of power. This more practical carburetor setting is used in all later tests except test F. The throttle valve is held wide open and load adjusted to give rated rpm. Tests Band C are the same for diesel tractors, which have an altogether different fuel system. TEST D: The throttle control lever is set so that the governor will maintain rated engine speed when rated load is applied. Rated load is 85% of 100% maximum, as obtained in test B, corrected to standard conditions. This rating is somewhat less than the maximum belt horsepower in order that the operator may have a certain amount of reserve. TEST E: Varying load serves to show the range of engine speeds when the engine is controlled by the governor during the following varied loads of 20 minutes each: rated load, no load, 1/2 rated load, maximum load at wide open throttle valve, 1/4 and 3/4 rated load. The average result of this test shows the average power and fuel consumption. Since the average tractor is subjected to varying loads, these data serve well in predicting fuel consumptionand efficiency of a tractor in general use. Torque, lb-ft at dynamometer, is obtained with wide open throttle and sufficient load is applied to give several readings. DRAWBAR HORSEPOWER TESTS In all drawbar tests the pull exerted by the tractor is transmitted by a hydraulic pressure cylinder to a recording instrument in the test car. All tests are made on the same dirt test course which is maintained by grading, sprinkling and rolling so that it remains very nearly the same throughout the season. The same tires, wheels and weights are used for all tests except J and K. TEST F: A drawbar test, the results of which are used to determine the rated drawbar horsepower in test H. The carburetor is set to develop maximum power as in test B. The rated gear recommended by manufacturer as plow gear is used in this test. The drawbar load is adjusted to give rated engine speed. TEST G: Maximum drawbar horsepower is determined in each gear when the carburetor is set for fuel economy as in test C. The throttle valve is held wide open and the load is applied so that the engine runs at rated engine speed. When operating in low gear it is not uncommon for the tractor to develop less drawbar horsepower than in rated gear because of excessive wheel slippage. When excessive wheel slippage occurs the load is reduced until slippage approaches 16%. When the load is reduced it is necessary to operate the tractor engine at part throttle and control engine speed by governor action. TEST H: Intended to test the ability of the tractor to run continuously for 10 hours at rated drawbar horsepower and to determine the fuel consumption during that time. Rated drawbar horsepower is 75% of 10°% maximum drawbar horsepower (Test F), corrected to standard conditions. When operating at rated load the throttle control lever is set to maintain rated engine speed. This rating is less than maximum drawbar horsepower in order that the operator may have a certain amount of reserve. TEST J: The tractor is operated in rated gear with all added weight removed. This test shows the effect of the removal of added weight on the performance of the tractor when compared with test G. Removal of wheel weights generally increases wheel slippage and decreases drawbar horsepower. TEST K: Similar to test J except that the smallest tires and lightest wheels offered by the manufacturer are used

MAGSAT scalar anomalies

To facilitate processing large data arrays, elements of spherical Earth analysis programs NVERTSM, SMFLD, NVERTG and GLFD were implemented and tested on the LARS IBM 4341 computer. Currently, the problem of inverting 2 deg MAGSAT scalar anomalies for the region (80 W, 60 E) longitude and (40 S, 70 N) latitude is being implemented on the LARS-computer for quantitative comparison with free air gravity anomaly, geothermal and tectonic data. Gravity and MAGSAT anomalies from a subset of this region (30 W, 60 E), (40 S, 70 N) were already processed for a paper on satellite magnetic anomalies of Africa and Europe

The physics and chemistry of circumstellar envelopes of S-stars on the AGB

The S-stars have been suggested to be a brief transitional phase as stars evolve from oxygen-rich M-type stars into carbon stars, through the dredge up of carbon from He-shell burning. As possible transition objects, S-stars might help achieve a deeper understanding of the chemical evolution as a star ascends the AGB, as well as shed more light on the mass-loss mechanism. We have initiated a large survey of 40 S-stars to observe line emission in common molecules such as CO, SiO, HCN, CS and SiS. Detailed radiative transfer modelling of multi-transition CO radio line observations towards a sample of 40 S-stars shows that the mass-loss rate distribution of S-stars is consistent with those found for M-type AGB stars and carbon stars. Initial results from modelling of the circumstellar SiO emission are also presented.Comment: 2 pages, 1 figure, to appear in Proceedings from 'Why Galaxies Care About AGB stars

Tectonic Evolution of the Northern Patagonian Andes (40°S)

This chapter is focused on the tectonic evolution of the North PatagonianAndes comprised between 38° and 40°S. Field recognition of main structuresallowed establishing a structural control for the main sedimentary packages thatcoexisted with Andean development. These structures affect Miocene strata at theeastern deformational front, indicating a last stage of development, althoughcooling ages suggest a Mid to Late Cretaceous exhumation of the Paleozoicbasement exposed at the westernmost sector. Synextensional deposits of lateOligocene age imply an interruption of Andean constructional mechanisms at theselatitudes. Finally, seismic tomographies at these latitudes show an area of relativelylow seismic velocities in the orogenic front area, separated from the arc front zone.Computed elastic thicknesses from gravity data show a good correlation with theseareas with abnormal heat flow associated with retroarc stretching and magmaticemplacement in the last 5-2 Ma.Fil: Ramos, Miguel Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Folguera Telichevsky, Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Fennell, Lucas Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Giménez, Mario Jorge. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Geofísico Sismológico Volponi; ArgentinaFil: Ramos, Victor Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; Argentin

Effect of ultrasound on the setting characteristics of glass ionomer cements studied by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Objective: To investigate the effect of ultrasound (US) application on the setting of glass ionomer cement (GIC) by using Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR/FTIR) spectrometer. Methods: Two conventional GICs, Fuji IX Fast and Ketac Molar were studied. US application was started at 30 s or 40 s after mixing and was applied for times between 15 and 55 s on samples of two different thicknesses. The samples were analysed using ATR/FTIR.Results: US accelerated the curing process in both cements, US needed to be applied for more than 15 s. Both Fuji IX and Ketac Molar showed increased setting on increasing the US application duration from 15 s to 55 s. Increased setting of the GICs was produced when US application started 40 s after mixing rather than 30 s after mixing. Conclusions: The significant findings of the study include that US application accelerated the setting processes, by accelerating the formation of the acid salts. The salt formation increased with increase time of US application. The effect of application of US to setting GICs is influenced by time of the start of application of the US. The effects appear to material specific, with Ketac Molar showing a greater effect than Fuji IX

Shell Model Study of the Neutron-Rich Nuclei around N=28

We describe the properties of the neutron rich nuclei around N=28 in the shell mode framework. The valence space comprises the $sd$ shell for protons an the $pf$ shell for neutrons without any restriction. Good agreement is found with the available experimental data. The N=28 shell closure, even if eroded due to the large neutron excess, persists. The calculations predict that $^{40}$S and $^{42}$S are deformed with $\beta=0.29$ and $\beta=0.32$ respectively.Comment: 17 pages and 19 figures, LateX, RevTe

On electromagnetic contributions in WIMP quests

The effect pointed out by A. B. Migdal in the 40's (hereafter named Migdal effect) has so far been usually neglected in the direct searches for WIMP Dark Matter candidates. This effect consists in the ionization and the excitation of bound atomic electrons induced by the recoiling atomic nucleus. In the present paper the related theoretical arguments are developed and some consequences of the proper accounting for this effect are discussed by some examples of practical interest.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A (in publication