Unsynchronized 4D Barcodes

We present a novel technique for optical data transfer between public displays and mobile devices based on unsynchronized 4D barcodes. We assume that no direct (electromagnetic or other) connection between the devices can exist. Time-multiplexed, 2D color barcodes are displayed on screens and recorded with camera equipped mobile phones. This allows to transmit information optically between both devices. Our approach maximizes the data throughput and the robustness of the barcode recognition, while no immediate synchronization exists. Although the transfer rate is much smaller than it can be achieved with electromagnetic techniques (e.g., Bluetooth or WiFi), we envision to apply such a technique wherever no direct connection is available. 4D barcodes can, for instance, be integrated into public web-pages, movie sequences or advertisement presentations, and they encode and transmit more information than possible with single 2D or 3D barcodes

Pembuatan Aplikasi Pembacaan Quick Response Code Menggunakan Perangkat Mobile Berbasis J2ME Untuk Identifikasi Suatu Barang

Barcode is a symbol marking the real object made of sticks pattern of black and white color for easy recognition by computer. In general, barcode labeling techniques are divided into two groups, namely linear barcodes and barcode 2D (two dimensional). 2D barcode standard has many variations, but most others are superior to standard 2D barcode in Japan found that Quick Response Code (QR Code). In its development until now, mobile devices such as mobile phones have many additional features including an integrated digital camera, a network connection using infrared and bluetooth to the specific operating system. With the presence of the operating system on mobile phones allow developers to create applications that are reliable. Based on the characteristics of the QR Code and the technology used by mobile devices, at the end of this task is made an application that can read data from the image of QR Code catches an integrated camera on J2ME-based mobile devices. The process begins with the arrest of reading QR Code image using the integrated camera on the phone and then made the image and binerisasi process continued with the process of reading QR Code symbols from the binary image. In the process of image used binerisasi Quick Adaptive Thresholding algorithm, this is because the algorithm was able to overcome the image that binerisasi for uneven lighting. From the test results and analysis of reading QR Code with sizes 100x100,150x150 ,200x200 and 300x300 obtained results that the QR Code can be accessed using mobile devices, especially on the Nokia 6300 and nokia E71 is stable in size 200x200. Keywords: decoding, QR Code, the mobile device

Pervasive 2D Barcodes for Camera Phone Applications

In a previous study, we evaluated six 2D barcodes using eight criteria for standardization potential: omnidirectional symbol reading, support for low-resolution cameras, reading robustness under different lighting conditions, barcode reading distance, error correction capability, security, support for multiple character sets, and data capacity. We also considered the fidelity of the camera phone\u27s captured image as a metric for gauging reading reliability. Here, we review the six 2D barcodes and then use an additional metric - a first-read rate - to quantitatively verify our earlier results and better gauge reading reliability

JPEG compression of monochrome 2D-barcode images using DCT coefficient distributions

Two dimensional (2D) barcodes are becoming a pervasive interface for mobile devices, such as camera phones. Often, only monochrome 2D-barcodes are used due to their robustness in an uncontrolled operating environment of camera phones. Most camera phones capture and store such 2D-barcode images in the baseline JPEG format. As a lossy compression technique, JPEG does introduce a fair amount of error in the decoding of captured 2D-barcode images. In this paper, we introduce an improved JPEG compression scheme for such barcode images. By altering the JPEG compression parameters based on the DCT coefficient distribution of such barcode images, the improved compression scheme produces JPEG images with higher PSNR value as compared to the baseline implementation. We have also applied our improved scheme to a real 2D-barcode system - the QR Code and analyzed its performance against the baseline JPEG scheme

Securing Interactive Sessions Using Mobile Device through Visual Channel and Visual Inspection

Communication channel established from a display to a device's camera is known as visual channel, and it is helpful in securing key exchange protocol. In this paper, we study how visual channel can be exploited by a network terminal and mobile device to jointly verify information in an interactive session, and how such information can be jointly presented in a user-friendly manner, taking into account that the mobile device can only capture and display a small region, and the user may only want to authenticate selective regions-of-interests. Motivated by applications in Kiosk computing and multi-factor authentication, we consider three security models: (1) the mobile device is trusted, (2) at most one of the terminal or the mobile device is dishonest, and (3) both the terminal and device are dishonest but they do not collude or communicate. We give two protocols and investigate them under the abovementioned models. We point out a form of replay attack that renders some other straightforward implementations cumbersome to use. To enhance user-friendliness, we propose a solution using visual cues embedded into the 2D barcodes and incorporate the framework of "augmented reality" for easy verifications through visual inspection. We give a proof-of-concept implementation to show that our scheme is feasible in practice.Comment: 16 pages, 10 figure

Context-aware Assessment Using QR-codes

In this paper we present the implementation of a general mechanism to deliver tests based on mobile devices and matrix codes. The system is an extension of Siette, and has not been specifically developed for any subject matter. To evaluate the performance of the system and show some of its capabilities, we have developed a test for a second-year college course on Botany at the School of Forestry Engineering. Students were equipped with iPads and took an outdoor test on plant species identification. All students were able to take and complete the test in a reasonable time. Opinions expressed anonymously by the students in a survey about the usability of the system and the usefulness of the test were very favorable. We think that the application presented in this paper can broaden the applicability of automatic assessment techniques.The presentation of this work has been co-founded by the Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Development Of A Novel Finder Pattern For Effective Color 2D-Barcode Detection

With a camera mobile phone, which has become a must-have device, 2D-barcode works as an interface to bridge the physical and digital world. As the notion of ubiquitous computing has permeated, developing a new 2D-barcode and its applications has been a growing trend worldwide. A 2D-barcode symbol consists of two broad areas: data area and guide area. The components of the latter is collectively called finder pattern and used in locating the 2D-barcode symbol. The failure of finding the target symbol prevents a barcode reader from successfully decoding the barcode. Hence, designing a functional finder pattern is one of the key for improving the robustness of barcode reading, and thus, the entire 2D-barcode system. We have designed a novel finder pattern integrated with a color 2D-barcode for camera mobile phone applications. Through the development and evaluation of the finder pattern for effective color 2D-barcode detection, this paper discusses keys to improve the functionality and reliability of finder patterns, which should be kept in mind when designing a finder pattern for any 2D-barcode symbol