KEBIJAKAN PROGRAM TRANSMIGRASI DI KABUPATEN DAERAH TINGKAT II BOYOLALI TAHUN 1981-1990 (Studi Kasus di Kedungombo)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Latar belakang Kebijakan Program Transmigrasi di Kabupaten Daerah Tingkat II Boyolali pada tahun 1981-1990, mendiskripsikan prosedur pelaksanaan program Transmigrasi di Kabupaten Daerah Tingkat II Boyolali tahun 1981-1990 dan tanggapan masyarakat terhadap kebijakan program transmigrasi di Kabupaten Daerah Tingkat II Boyolali tahun 1981-1990. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah yang dimulai tahap Heuristik yaitu tahap mengumpulkan data atau sumber-sumber sejarah yang sezaman, studi pustaka dan wawancara. Tahap selanjutnya adalah Kritik Sumber yaitu menilai atau mengkritik sumber sejarah yang didapatkan agar mendapatkan sumbersumber yang dianggap benar atau valid. Kemudian tahap Interpretasi/Penafsiran yaitu tahap menganalisa data untuk mendapatkan makna dan menghubungkan antara fakta yang satu dengan fakta yang lainnya. Tahap yang terakhir adalah melaporkan hasil penelitian melalui penulisan sejarah atau historiografi. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah Kebijakan Program Transmigrasi di Kabupaten Daerah Tingkat II Boyolali tahun 1981-1990 diterapkan karena daerah ini merupakan wilayah yang tandus, padat penduduk, rawan bencana alam, dan daerah yang terkena program pembangunan oleh pemerintah yaitu Waduk Kedungombo yang mendapatkan prioritas oleh pemerintah. Prosedur pelaksanaan kebijakan program transmigrasi yaitu penentuan sasaran penyuluhan, penerangan, seleksi pendaftaran dan pemberangkatan. Respon masyarakat terhadap kebijakan transmigrasi di Kabupaten Daerah Tingkat II Boyolali ada dua respon yaitu menerima kebijakan transmigrasi dan menolak kebijakan transmigrasi

AGRICULTURAL POLICY PREFERENCES: WHEAT IN THE UNITED STATES, 1981-1990

This paper outlines DEBET (Decision Based Economic Theory), a method for determining revealed preferences of governments. DEBET is applied to US wheat policy decisions in the 1980s. This method has a number of advantages over alternative approaches to the analysis of revealed preferences of government. It makes use of information contained in policy alternatives contemplated but not agreed upon, and it is suitable for modeling the discrete - continuous choice problem of policy makers in a multi-instrument context.Agricultural and Food Policy,

State-Dependence of Atmospheric Response to Extratropical North Pacific SST Anomalies

By performing two sets of high-resolution atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) experiments, we find that the atmospheric response to a sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly in the extratropical North Pacific is sensitive to decadal variations of the background SST on which the SST anomaly is superimposed. The response in the first set of experiments, in which the SST anomaly is superimposed on the observed daily SST of 1981-1990, strongly differs from the response in the second experiment, in which the same SST anomaly is superimposed on the observed daily SST of 1991-2000. The atmospheric response over the North Pacific during 1981-1990 is eddy-mediated, equivalent barotropic and concentrated in the east. In contrast, the atmospheric response during 1991-2000 is weaker and strongest in the west. The results are discussed in terms of Rossby wave dynamics, with the proposed primary wave source switching from baroclinic eddy vorticity forcing over the eastern North Pacific in 1981-1990 to mean flow divergence over the western North Pacific in 1991-2000. The wave source changes are linked to the decadal reduction of daily SST variability over the eastern North Pacific and strengthening of the Oyashio Extension front over the western North Pacific. Thus, both daily and frontal aspects of the background SST variability in determining the atmospheric response to extratropical North Pacific SST anomalies are emphasized by our AGCM experiments

Growth is Failing the Poor: The Unbalanced Distribution of the Benefits and Costs of Global Economic Growth

During 1990-2001, only 0.6 per cent of additional global income per capita contributed to reducing poverty below the $1-a-day line, down from 2.2 per cent during 1981-1990, and barely half the poor’s share of global income. Coupled with the constraints on global growth associated with climate change, and the disproportionately adverse net impact of climate change on the poor, this casts serious doubt on the dominant view that global growth should be the primary means of poverty reduction. Rather than growth, policies and the global economic system should focus directly on achieving social and environmental objectives.Economic growth, income distribution, world inequality, poverty, environment, climate change

Co-determination and Innovation

This paper examines the effect of the German co-determination law of 1976 (MitbestG) on the innovative activity of German firms. Co-determination applies to firms with 2000 employees or more. Data from 1971-1976 and 1981-1990 on 148 firms are used to compare the number of patents granted to co-determined firms before and after the introduction of the law. Several control variables are applied and in particular, in order to avoid a possible bias from specific effects of firm size, we compare the co-determined firms with others before and after 1976. The results do not support the view that co-determination slows down technological progress and reduces innovativeness.co-determination, innovation, patents

The development of social and environmental accounting research 1995-2000

This paper reviews five years of social and environmental accounting literature (from 1995-2000) in an attempt to evaluate the current position. The methodology used follows that employed in Mathews (1997a) which covered a period of 25 years in three time periods: 1971-1980; 1981-1990; and 1991- 1995. The literature was classified into several sub-groups including empirical studies, normative statements, philosophical discussion, non-accounting literature, teaching programmes and text books, regulatory frameworks, and other reviews. In this review a number of new sub-categories have been employed as appropriate. The author is able to conclude on an optimistic note. The additions to the literature during the period 1995-2000 are encouraging. Researchers in this area are perhaps less naïve and more experienced than previously, and this, when added to their enthusiasm should lead to penetrating observations and commentaries over the next five years

The Evolution of Tax Morale in Modern Spain

This paper studies the evolution of tax morale in Spain in the post-Franco era. In contrast to the previous tax compliance literature, the current paper investigates tax morale as the dependent variable and attempts to answer what actually shapes tax morale. The analysis uses survey data from two sources: the World Values Survey and the European Values Survey, allowing us to observe tax morale in Spain for the years 1981, 1990, 1995, and 1999/2000. The study of the evolution of tax morale in Spain over nearly a 20-year span is particularly interesting because the political and fiscal system evolved very rapidly during that period.Spain, Tax morale, Tax compliance, Constitutional and political changes, fiscal system, endogenous preferences.

Does Intellectual Property Protection Spur Technological Change

Of the diverse factors motivating technological change, one factor that has received increasing attention in the recent past has been the protection of intellectual property rights. Given fairly recent changes in the international policy ethos where a regime of stronger intellectual property protection has become a fait accompli for most developing countries, it is of some significance to ask whether more stringent protection of intellectual property does indeed encourage innovation. And this is the question which this paper examines, utilising cross-country panel data on R&D investment, patent protection and other country-specific characteristics spanning the period 1981-1990. The evidence unambiguously indicates the significance of intellectual property rights as incentives for spurring innovation.Intellectual Property Rights, Technological Change, Economic Growth