Anagopos: A Reduction Graph Visualizer for Term Rewriting and Lambda Calculus

We present Anagopos, an open source tool for visualizing reduction graphs of terms in lambda calculus and term rewriting. Anagopos allows step-by-step generation of reduction graphs under six different graph drawing algorithms. We provide ample examples of graphs drawn with the tool

Towards a GPU-based implementation of interaction nets

We present ingpu, a GPU-based evaluator for interaction nets that heavily utilizes their potential for parallel evaluation. We discuss advantages and challenges of the ongoing implementation of ingpu and compare its performance to existing interaction nets evaluators.Comment: In Proceedings DCM 2012, arXiv:1403.757

The formative impact of Guru Chöwang's Secret Embodiment of the Lama (bla ma gsang 'dus) on the Padmasambhava ritual traditions

The discussion of Padmasambhava rituals in this chapter represents provisional work towards what I hope will be more extensive research on Guru Chöwang’s legacy.118 It also ties in with my doctoral fieldwork on contemporary rNying ma ritual from the early 1980s, and with much of the Tibetan Studies work I have been involved with over the years, including work on the rNying ma canon, and early Tibetan Buddhist tantric rituals. After all, Padmasambhava or Guru Rinpoche is central to all rNying ma ritual and meditative practice. There is also considerable continuity between Guru Rinpoche related tantric rituals of different cycles, and here I introduce a thirteenth century Revelation (gter ma) which left its indelible mark on the tradition: that of the Secret Embodiment of the Lama (bla ma gsang ’dus) of Guru Chos kyi dbang phyug or Guru Chöwang (guru chos dbang) for short..

ESPON Project 2.3.1., Application and effects of the ESDP in the Member States. Second Interim Report

This Second Interim Report includes the preliminary results of the project, "Application and Effects of the ESDP in the Member States" within the ESPON Programme 2000-2006. The focus of the study is the application of the European Spatial Development Perspective (ESDP), which was adopted at the Potsdam informal Ministerial Council meeting in May 199

THREE ESSAYS ON EXPORT CONCENTRATION, INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL AGREEMENTS, AND THE CARBON CONTENT OF TRADE

A common finding in the international trade literature is that economic integration leads to export diversification. By documenting a positive link between joining the European Economic and Monetary Union and bilateral export concentration, the leading essay shows that this is not always the case. Using a panel data approach, I find that exports between the Eurozone members are on average more concentrated than those among countries which do not share the euro. Central to this outcome is that some economic integration agreements, such as the European Economic and Monetary Union, may lead to a drop in not only trade but horizontal FDI costs as well. Theoretically, the results can be explained by the substitutability between exporting and horizontal FDI within a two-sector, two-firm type model which allows for sectoral trade cost heterogeneity. Since the early 1970s, a series of international environmental agreements (IEAs) were signed, ratified, and enforced throughout the developed and developing nations. Regarding IEAs as potential barriers to trade, the second essay seeks to quantify their impact on industry-level exports by using a gravity regression approach. I proceed by classifying industries into dirty and clean based on their average emission intensities and find that the ratification of IEAs is associated with a significant reduction in export flows. The decrease is more pronounced for industries which are classified as dirty or for those which are characterized by high emission intensities per unit of output. Additionally, climate change IEAs bring about a compositional shift towards cleaner exports. Lastly, climate change and acid rain IEAs are found to engender leakage effects. No such evidence is recovered for ozone depletion accords. The third essay adds to the literature on the Kyoto protocol and the carbon content of bilateral trade. It does so by analyzing the effect of ratifying the Kyoto protocol on exports, the carbon dioxide (CO2) intensity of exports, and the CO2 emissions embodied in exports within a novel dataset of 149 countries. For parties that took on binding emission caps, the ratification of Kyoto protocol leads to (i) lower CO2 emissions embodied in exports, (ii) lower CO2 emission intensities, but (iii) higher overall exports. For the same group of countries, a year-by-year analysis underlines a permanent decline in both the CO2 emission intensity and the CO2 content of their exports. Furthermore, the analysis also points out to a short-run decline in exports. In the long run, however, exports are estimated to recover. Also, the commitment type or whether a party was designated as a transition economy at the time of ratification are found to shape the above three outcomes

Combination of convex theories: Modularity, deduction completeness, and explanation

AbstractDecision procedures are key components of theorem provers and constraint satisfaction systems. Their modular combination is of prime interest for building efficient systems, but their effective use is often limited by poor interface capabilities, when such procedures only provide a simple “sat/unsat” answer. In this paper, we develop a framework to design cooperation schemas between such procedures while maintaining modularity of their interfaces. First, we use the framework to specify and prove the correctness of classic combination schemas by Nelson–Oppen and Shostak. Second, we introduce the concept of deduction complete satisfiability procedures, we show how to build them for large classes of theories, then we provide a schema to modularly combine them. Third, we consider the problem of modularly constructing explanations for combinations by re-using available proof-producing procedures for the component theories

Resolving climate impacts on fish stocks

Evidence is accumulating that the increase in CO2 is affecting the global climate, with far‐reaching implications for biological processes and ecosystem services. Recent studies suggest that there is evidence for a northward shift in the distributional range of fish species, but the mechanisms underlying these changes remain uncertain. Hence, it is largely unknown whether the observed distributional shifts are caused by a relocation of the spawning and feeding grounds, a change in the local survival of fish, or immigration into new habitats