Tissue Culture Technique of Acacia mangium Elite Trees

作者简介: 黄烈健( 1971—) ，男,博士,副研究员,研究方向为林木遗传育种与森林培育，电话: 020-87033463,E-mail: hlj@ ritf.ac.cnTaking Acacia mangium elite trees as explants，the tissue culture technique system for dormant bud of 3-5 year-old elite trees was established． The system includes the germination-inducing of the dormant buds，the multiplying of shoots，the rooting of adventitious shoots，and the pre-treating and transplanting of seedlings． The medium MS + Sucrose 30 g·L－1 + BA 0.5 mg·L－1 + NAA 0.1 mg·L－1 was used for inducing the dormant buds; the medium MS + BA 1.0 mg·L－1 + NAA 0.05 mg·L－1 was used for multiplying; while the medium 1 /2 MS +IBA 2.0 mg·L－1 + NAA 0.5 mg·L－1 was used for rooting.The results revealed that it was viable to producing field seedlings with micropropagation.Although the branches with dormant buds harbored many kinds of microbes and the adventitious shoots were not easy to root，20% to 30% healthy germination could be yielded and the rooting rate of adventitious shoots could be higher than 85%.Pretreated with ABT powder ( rooting hormone) ，both the rooting rate and survival rate of adventitious shoots were nearly 100%．国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD01A15-5,2006BAD32B010-3); 农业科技成果转化项目(2009GB24320482

Research Advances of Decline Mechanism and Maintenance Approach of Casuarina equisefolia in Coastal Area

基于几十年来木麻黄的研究成果,综述了沿海木麻黄林的衰退因素。结果认为:沿海木麻黄衰退现象是由多种因素引起的一种林木衰退病,并指出维持木麻黄林健康的主要途径是营造混交林以及选用抗病、抗旱(风)等抗逆无性系造林。After a brief review on coastal Casurina equisefolia in the past decades,the latest advances of the decline influencing factors of coastal Casurina equisefolia were summarized.The paper indicated that the decline phenomenon of coastal Casurina equisefolia is a forest tree decline disease caused by manifold factors.In addition,the author indicated that the most approach of maintaining Casurina equisefolia healthily growth is building mixed forest,clones with resistance forestation of disease resistance,drought and wind resistance ect

亚热带地区国有林场可持续经营问题研究

通过实地调研与文献研究,分析亚热带地区国有林场可持续经营存在的问题,结果表明:国有林场生产经营水平低、社会支持较少、政府管理及政策待完善是产生林地林权有争议、林下经济发展差、人才队伍建设水平待提高等问题的主要原因。故,从政府、社会、林场三方面提出促进国有林场可持续经营的针对性对策。国家社会科学基金项目(15BZZ071

Carbon and Nutrient Pools of Coarse Woody Debris in a Natural Forest and Plantation in Subtropical China

福建三明格氏栲天然林及在其采伐迹地上营造的33年生格氏栲人工林和杉木人工林粗木质残体现存量与季节动态、C库及养分库的研究表明,格氏栲天然林、人工林和杉木人工林粗木质残体现存量分别为1 32、0 4 6和0 2 3t·hm- 2 。3种林分粗木质残体现存量的季节变化模式均为夏季>冬季>秋季>春季。格氏栲天然林粗木质残体C贮量为0 78t·hm- 2 ,分别是格氏栲人工林和杉木人工林的4 1 1倍和7 0 9倍;格氏栲天然林粗木质残体C库与2种人工林间差异显著(P <0 0 5)。格氏栲天然林、人工林和杉木人工林粗木质残体养分贮量分别为1 4 1 6、2 90和0 95kg·hm- 2 ;格氏栲天然林粗木质残体中各种养分贮量均最高。与人工林相比,天然林粗木质残体现存量、C和养分贮量均最大。 【英文摘要】 During the past decades, large scale natural forests had been converted to fast growing and high yield commercial plantations to meet the demands for timber, fuel material, and other forest products. Some silvicultural measures, such as planting pure stands, clear cutting and slash burning, were widely applied during this conversion. Yield decline and land deterioration in such disturbed ecosystems had become serious. In this context, the ecological comparisons between natural forests and plantations have...福建省重大基础研究项目 (2 0 0 0F0 0 4 ) ;; 高等学校优秀青年教师教学科研奖励计划资助

An Efficient Axillary Bud Multiplication System of Acacia mangium × A. auriculiformis

以马大杂种相思组培苗为研究对象,通过筛选最佳的增殖培养基,调整增殖时间,探讨芽体长度、继代次数对增殖的影响,增殖培养对生根的影响,建立马大杂种相思腋芽高效组培增殖体系。结果表明:将健壮的初代培养无菌芽剪成含1个腋芽的茎段,接入最佳增殖培养基(改良MS+6-bA1.5 Mg·l-1+nAA0.1 Mg·l-1+AC0.04g·l-1,添加蔗糖3%和琼脂7 g·l-1)中连续培养7代,7次继代的平均增殖倍数为2.52,增殖时间为35天,单株平均繁殖系数为14.99,且7次继代增殖倍数变化小、增殖芽质量好。将增殖芽的茎段(含2~3个腋芽)接入1/2MS+IbA1.0 Mg·l-1+nAA0.5 Mg·l-1(添加蔗糖3%和琼脂7 g·l-1)进行生根培养,15天生根率可达96.5%,移栽后存活率为95.0%。To build an efficient axillary bud multiplication system of Acacia mangium × A.auriculiformis,the aseptic plantlets of A.mangium × A.auriculiformis were used to screen the optimal protocol for in vitro multiplication.The optimal multiplication medium and period,length of the sterile stems,subculture times,rooting and transplant survival rate were studied.The results showed that after being cultured 7 times on improved-MS + 0.5 mg·L- 16-BA + 0.1 mg·L- 1NAA + 0.04 g·L- 1Ac( with combination of 3% sugar and 7 g·L- 1agar),which was the best multiplication medium screened from the trial test,the average proliferation times of the stem with one axillary bud were 2.52,and the propagation coefficient of the plantlet was around 14.99 after 35 days.Moreover,the plantlets grew well and there was no obvious variation of the multiplication ratio.The aseptic stem with 2 or 3 axillary buds was inoculated to 1 /2MS + IBA1.0mg·L- 1+ NAA0.5 mg·L- 1( with combination of 3% sugar and 7 g·L- 1agar) for rooting culture,the rooting rate was96.5% in 15 day and the transplant survival rate was 95.0%.国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD01B0402

Studies On Indonesian Forest Economy: Development,Problems and Government s Countermeasures

［中文文摘］印尼森林资源丰富,但近年非法砍伐与木材走私活动极为猖獗,大片森林被乱砍滥伐,使得印尼进入新世纪后面对越来越严峻的资源和环境压力。为此,印尼政府采取多方面的措施,保护尚存的森林资源不再遭到破坏,以实现印尼森林资源的可持续发展。中国印尼在森林资源合作方面潜力巨大。 ［英文文摘］Indonesia is rich in forest resources,however,since the illegal logging and smuggling of timber has been getting worse,Indonesia faces growing pressure in the new century.For this reason,Indonesian Government is taking various measures to maintain and preserve the existing forest resources in an effort to realize the sustainable forest development.China and Indonesia has great potential in cooperation on this issue

Bioassay measurements of mycorrhizal inoculum in soils from Eucalyptus plantations of varying ages in Western Australia

Bioassay measurement was used to estimate the inoculum potential of mycorrhizal fungi in intact soils collected from Eucalypt us plantations of varying ages in Western Australia. The results showed that both ectomycorrhizal ( ECM) and vesicular2arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi existed in soils from most plantation sites according to two bait plants(clover for VAM and Eucalypt us for ECM) . The levels of ECM or VAM fungal inoculum were considered to be moderate. Analysis of roots sampled from plantations suggest that Eucalypt us stands are more associated with VAM fungi compared to ECM fungi that occupied most fine roots in older stands. Information from the bioassay experiment suggests that there may be a need for the introduction of a wider range of inoculum to assist the establishment of new Eucalypt us plantations in this region. Further work is required on below2ground ECM fungal diversity in these plantations

人为干扰对生物多样性的影响

[中文文摘]从景观破碎、保护历史、种群行为机制和种群大小4个方面讨论了人为干扰对生物多样性的影响,以期为生物多样性保护和生态环境恢复提供依据。一般人为轻度干扰会导致生物多样性提高,对比研究武夷山人为干扰甜槠林与郁闭稳定甜槠林结果表明,人为干扰甜槠林高等植物物种丰富度相对于郁闭稳定林分提高了76.32％;但人为干扰甜槠林的群落优势度却远低于郁闭林,故在演替过程中群落物种多样性的增加是生态系统对外界轻度干扰的一种适应,是恢复生态系统稳定性的一种对策,一旦干扰超过其调节能力,将难以恢复为原来的群落类型。生物在其各自进化和适应的过程中由于生态位泛化或特化,许多物种仅局限于非常小的生态位空间,这些物种一旦遭遇到景观破碎则很可能从地球上消失,如黄连和短萼黄连对阴湿条件的适应与要求,导致其濒临灭绝;另一些种类由于在群落中零星分布,如斑叶兰、羽萼悬钩子、浙江红花油茶、多种粗叶木(Lasianthus spp.)和一些紫金牛(Ardisia spp.)等,当生境缩小或受到干扰时则濒临灭绝。地史上古老的地区或自然保护历史较长的地区可能拥有更多的物种。保护历史较长的福建省南靖县和溪南亚热带雨林在1200m~2面积内有128种高等植物,同一地带的鼎湖山及和溪周边地区的南亚热带雨林物种丰富度均低于此。许多植物是动物传布植物, 动物物种多样性的减少影响了这些植物的传布, 生境的改变也影响着植物的传布, 另一些物种传布到新区域而不能萌发或完成其生活史。地方种群小于一定数量时其灭绝的可能性也增加。[英文文摘]The influence of disturbance b y humans on biodiversity is discussed from the aspects of fragmentation of landscape, history of conservancy, dispersal mechanism and population size to provide more effective methods for protecting biodiversity and restoring ecological environment. Generally intermediate levels of disturbance promote higher biodiversity. The results of studies from the effects of disturbance on the higher plants growing in the Castanopsis eyrei forests in Wuyishan national nature reserve showed that the index of species richness of higher plants in the disturbed forest was 76. 32% higher more than that in the closing stable forest, whereas the community dominance index (C) of the disturbed forest was excessively lower than the C of the closing stable forest. According to these results, we proposed that the increase of species diversity is an adapting manner for the ecosystem to disturbing and a stratagy of ecosystem to recover the stability. The high levels of disturbance will not only lead to reduced diversity, but also restrain the reconstitution of the ecosystem. In the course of organisms evolving and adapting , many species , such as the Coptis chinensis and the Coptis chinensis var. brevisepata ,due to their generaliation or specialization of niches , only are confined to a narrow habitats where local populations have become extinct. Other species distributing sparsely, such as the Camellia chekiangoleosa, Rubus pinnatisepalus, and some species of Goodyera, Lasianthus and Ardisia, are also vulnerable to extinction when their ranges become smaller and smaller or their habitats change. Older communities in evolutionary time scales or being protected have more species than younger ones. The subtropical rain forest in Hexi, Fujian, China, where the forests have being protected at least 700 years , is rich in higher plants. Other subtropical rain forest in Dinghushan and surrounding area of Hexi contains fewer species in this same zone. Many species, which dispersed by animals, are in danger of extinction by loss of animals diversity or change of habitats. Some species can reach to new area, but cannot complete their life history effectively. The living things with small local population size are vulnerable to extinction

武夷山甜槠群落氮、磷的累积循环

讨论了中亚热带武夷山先峰岭５１龄甜槠Ｃａｓｔａｎｏｐｓｉｓｅｙｒｅｉ（Ｃｈａｍｐ．ｅｘＢｅｎｔｈ．）Ｔｕｔｃｈ．群落的氮、磷元素的累积和循环．测定结果表明：群落现存量中含有的氮、磷总量分别为１５５．５４９ｇ／ｍ２和５．５３５ｇ／ｍ２，其中地上部分别为１２７．１１７ｇ／ｍ２和４．４６３ｇ／ｍ２；地下部分别为２８．４３２ｇ／ｍ２和１．０７２ｇ／ｍ２．甜槠群落氮、磷元素的生物循环中，年吸收量分别为９．４５８ｇ／ｍ２．ａ和０．４３４ｇ／ｍ２．ａ，存留量分别为４．４８８ｇ／ｍ２．ａ和０．１９９ｇ／ｍ２．ａ，归还量分别为４．９７０ｇ／ｍ２．ａ和０．２３５ｇ／ｍ２．ａ．它们的氮含量均大小磷含量，周转期氮４３年，磷４０年，氮元素周转比磷元素

闽南毛竹林的生物量和生产力

首次研究了福建毛竹群落的生物量和生产力.样地设于闽南的南靖和溪高才,结果表明,毛竹群落1990年现存量为8289g/m~2,其中毛竹种群生物量为7794g/m~2(占94.03％),林下灌木草本的生物量为495g/m~2(占5.97％).生物量在毛竹种群各组分中的分配为竹杆4572g/m~2(占58.67％)>竹根1344g/m~2(占17.25％〕>竹枝834g/m~2(占10.70％)>竹鞭792g/m~2(占10.16％)>竹叶252g/m~2(占3.23％).1990年总净初级生产量为2146.7g/m~2,其中地上部分为1077.5g/m~2(占50.2％)。生物量和生产力的研究为福建省毛竹林的高产、丰产提供了科学依据