‘History of the Official Currency and the Central Bank of Cyprus’ Preliminary Conclusions for the Period 1960-2007

The period 1960 to 2007 – when the Cyprus pound was legal tender – is examined with a view to relating the major turning points of exchange, fiscal and monetary policies to their likely causes and consequences. Assumptions are made and conclusions are drawn regarding: the four periods of exchange rate policy (1960-1972, 1972-1992, 1992-1999, 1999-2007); the three phases of bank claims on the government sector (1960-1966, 1966-1975, 1975-2007); the five swings of bank credit to the private sector (1960-1965, 1965-1975, 1975-1984, 1984-2007); the five oscillations of the banking system’s foreign assets (1960-1971, 1971-1980, 1980-1989, 1989-1998, 1998-2007); the parallel tracks of GDP, CPI and the average annual salary during the 47 years under review. The above methodology is applied to the analysis and synthesis of the monetary and credit history of Cyprus between 1878 and 2007.Economic history, business cycle, exchange rate, fiscal policy, private credit, price index, wage adjustment

Switching from convergence to divergence in the European Union: A case study

EU member states do not get much from participating in a regional trade agreement and economic integration regime: beside the questionable effects on growth perspectives (€-area grew since 1960 with a gradually smaller rate than the world economy), there is a clear evidence for a profound, unpleasant, structural change regarding convergence. During the first two decades of the period we studied, the coefficient of variation of per capita (p.c.) GDP fell strongly and labour remuneration grew substantially relative to non-labour income. Yet, this picture changed after 1980! The previous trend of closing the gap among the countries reversed completely: in 2005, coefficient of variation grew back to the levels of 1960. At the same time, all previous gains of labour vanished: in the period 1980-2005 real wages lost about 35% against p.c. GDP. A persisting period of continuous divergence emerged after 1980, probably due to permanent, structural developments!cross-country convergence, domestic inequality.

La mortalidad en Cañamero: 1960-1980

Se estudia la geografía, historia y sociedad de Cañamero (Cáceres). Se analizan los índices de mortalidad de Cañamero entre 1960 y 1980.We study the geography, history and society of Cañamero (Cáceres). Cañamero mortality rates between 1960 and 1980 are analyzed

Reversal of Fortune

Colombia’s annual GDP growth fell to an average of 3% between 1980 and 2000 from 5% between 1950 and 1980. The sources-of-growth decomposition shows that this reversal can be accounted entirely by changes in productivity. Indeed, between 1960 and 1980 productivity gains increased output per capita by nearly 1% per year. Since 1980, productivity losses have reduced output per capita at about the same rate. The time series analysis suggests that the implosion of productivity is related to the increase in criminality which has diverted capital and labor to unproductive activities. In turn, the rise in crime has been the result of rapid expansion in drug-trafficking activities, which erupted around 1980. This explanation is supported by cross-country evidence that shows that Colombia is clear outlier in terms of conflict and fragmentation, and suggests that high crime is associated with low productivity.Economic growth,

A City Invincible? The Transition of Camden, NJ, From Industrial to Postindustrial City

The primary topic of this essay is the causes for disinvestment that occurred during the deindustrialization of Camden, NJ, between 1960 and 1980. The paper constructs a framework based on the industrial history of Camden, which is composed roughly of the years between 1900 and 1960. This basis explains Camden’s transition from a small town with the purpose of ferry terminal to an industrial powerhouse city. The main portion of the essay discusses the economic and social events that affected Camden between the transformative years of 1960 and 1980, as the industrial era was concluding. The events that transpired in the city during these two decades are compared to the historical demographic information for the city to pinpoint national and local trends. The primary sources used for this demographic and population data are the United States Censuses from 1960, 1970, and 1980. After reasoning the cause for change in Camden, the focus of the essay shifts to the effects of these changes, primarily continued disinvestment, low socioeconomic status, and poor environmental conditions. The essay concludes by discussing the changes in Camden since 1980

Державотворчі ідеї українських національно-демократичних об’єднань

У статті розглядається розвиток української політичної думки 1960 – 1980 років. Особлива увага звертається на державотворчі ідеї українських національно-демократичних об’єднань другої половини ХХ ст.The development of Ukrainian political thought in 1960 – 1980 is examined in the article. Special attention is given to the state formation ideas of Ukrainian national democratic associations in the second part of ХХ century

Lihakarjakokeet vuosina 1960-1980

vKirjasto Aj-

Household Formations

Between 1960 and 1980, the number of households in the U.S. increased by 50 percent and the proportion of the population that were household heads rose from 29.5 to 36.3. While some of this increase was due to the maturing of the"baby boom" population, over half was caused by rising age-specific headship rates. In contrast, between 1980 and 1983, headship rates fell sharply for the under 34 population. This paper explains household formations due to changes in headship rates in terms of changes in real income and the price of privacy.

American Indians in South Dakota: A Profile

Life is changing for the American Indians of South Dakota and the United States.* Nationally, the population is young, growing, and becoming more urban. The South Dakota population exhibits these same trends except that it remains predominantly rural. The number of American Indians in the U. S. grew from half a million in 1960 to 760,000 in 1970 and to 1,420,400 in 1980. The percentage living in rural areas declined from over 70% in 1960 to 55% in 1970 and 48% in 1980 (Johnson, 1975; U. S. Census Bureau, 1980)

Does Age Structure Forecast Economic Growth?

Increases in the proportion of the working age population can yield a "demographic dividend" that enhances the rate of economic growth. We estimate the parameters of an economic growth model with a cross section of countries over the period 1960 to 1980 and investigate whether the inclusion of age structure improves the model's forecasts for the period 1980 to 2000. We find that including age structure improves the forecast, although there is evidence of parameter instability between periods with an unexplained growth slowdown in the second period. We use the model to generate growth forecasts for the period 2000 to 2020.