The Cowl - v.26 - n.9 - Apr 05, 1973

The Cowl - student newspaper of Providence College. Volume XXVI, Number 9 - April 5, 1973. 8 pages. Note: The volume number printed on the banner page of this issue (XXVI) duplicates the volume number for 1963-64 academic year

Entrepreneurship and Economic Liberalization in the OECD Countries

Entrepreneurship displays remarkable differences across countries because of diverse factors. In this sense, it is frequently argued that economic liberalization encourages entrepreneurship. In this paper we address the extent to which economic freedom, understood as market economy oriented institutions and policies, matters for entrepreneurial activity through a panel data analysis for 78 countries during the period 2001-2012. We examine the relationship between the Fraser Institute’s economic freedom index and its five areas, and three entrepreneurial activity indicators from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, namely total entrepreneurial activity, necessity entrepreneurship and opportunity entrepreneurship. Economic freedom seems to increase opportunity entrepreneurship and decrease necessity entrepreneurship. Focusing on the OECD countries, we highlight that economic freedom is positively associated with entrepreneurship. In terms of entrepreneurship motivation, we find that a more flexible regulation of credit, labor and business, as well as entrepreneurial attitudes, may contribute to enhance opportunity entrepreneurshipUniversidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Introduction to the Hebrew Bible

Title: Introduction to the Hebrew Bible. Author: Collins, John Joseph, 1946- Introduction to the Hebrew Bible xxvi, 613 p. Publisher: Minneapolis : Fortress, 2004

The Cowl - v.26 - n.1 - Jan 24, 1973

The Cowl - student newspaper of Providence College. Volume 26, Number 1 - January 24, 1973. 4 pages. Note: The volume number printed on the banner page of this issue (XXVI) duplicates the volume number for 1963-64 academic year

Evidence for a Truncated Accretion Disc in the Low Luminosity Seyfert Galaxy, NGC 7213?

We present the broad-band 0.6-150 keV Suzaku and Swift BAT spectra of the low luminosity Seyfert galaxy, NGC 7213. The time-averaged continuum emission is well fitted by a single powerlaw of photon index Gamma = 1.75 and from consideration of the Fermi flux limit we constrain the high energy cutoff to be 350 keV < E < 25 MeV. Line emission from both near-neutral iron K_alpha at 6.39 keV and highly ionised iron, from Fe_(xxv) and Fe_(xxvi), is strongly detected in the Suzaku spectrum, further confirming the results of previous observations with Chandra and XMM-Newton. We find the centroid energies for the Fe_(xxv) and Fe_(xxvi) emission to be 6.60 keV and 6.95 keV respectively, with the latter appearing to be resolved in the Suzaku spectrum. We show that the Fe_(xxv) and Fe_(xxvi) emission can result from a highly photo-ionised plasma of column density N_(H) ~ 3 x 10^(23) cm^(-2). A Compton reflection component, e.g., originating from an optically-thick accretion disc or a Compton-thick torus, appears either very weak or absent in this AGN, subtending < 1 sr to the X-ray source, consistent with previous findings. Indeed the absence of either neutral or ionised Compton reflection coupled with the lack of any relativistic Fe K signatures in the spectrum suggests that an inner, optically-thick accretion disc is absent in this source. Instead, the accretion disc could be truncated with the inner regions perhaps replaced by a Compton-thin Radiatively Inefficient Accretion Flow. Thus, the Fe_(xxv) and Fe_(xxvi) emission could both originate in ionised material perhaps at the transition region between the hot, inner flow and the cold, truncated accretion disc on the order of 10^(3) - 10^(4) gravitational radii from the black hole. The origin for the unresolved neutral Fe K_alpha emission is then likely to be further out, perhaps originating in the optical BLR or a Compton-thin pc-scale torus.Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication by MNRA

Discovery of X-ray absorption features from the dipping low-mass X-ray binary XB 1916-053 with XMM-Newton

We report the discovery of narrow Fe XXV and Fe XXVI K alpha X-ray absorption lines at 6.65 and 6.95 keV in the persistent emission of the dipping low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) XB 1916-053 during an XMM-Newton observation performed in September 2002. In addition, there is marginal evidence for absorption features at 1.48 keV, 2.67 kev, 7.82 keV and 8.29 keV consistent with Mg XII, S XVI, Ni XXVII K alpha and Fe XXVI K beta transitions, respectively. Such absorption lines from highly ionized ions are now observed in a number of high inclination (ie. close to edge-on) LMXBs, such as XB 1916-053, where the inclination is estimated to be between 60-80 degrees. This, together with the lack of any orbital phase dependence of the features (except during dips), suggests that the highly ionized plasma responsible for the absorption lines is located in a cylindrical geometry around the compact object. Using the ratio of Fe XXV and Fe XXVI column densities, we estimate the photo-ionization parameter of the absorbing material to be 10^{3.92} erg cm s^{-1}. Only the Fe XXV line is observed during dipping intervals and the upper-limits to the Fe XXVI column density are consistent with a decrease in the amount of ionization during dipping intervals. This implies the presence of cooler material in the line of sight during dipping. We also report the discovery of a 0.98 keV absorption edge in the persistent emission spectrum. The edge energy decreases to 0.87 keV during deep dipping intervals. The detected feature may result from edges of moderately ionized Ne and/or Fe with the average ionization level decreasing from persistent emission to deep dipping. This is again consistent with the presence of cooler material in the line of sight during dipping.Comment: 13 pages, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysic

The Cowl - v.26- n.16 - Oct 10, 1973

The Cowl - student newspaper of Providence College. Volume 26, Number 16 - October 10, 1973. 12 pages. Note: The volume number printed on the banner page of this issue (XXVI) duplicates the volume number for 1963-64 academic year

The Cowl - v.26 - n.11 - May 02, 1973

The Cowl - student newspaper of Providence College. Volume 26, Number 11 - May 2, 1973. 12 pages. Note: The volume number printed on the banner page of this issue (XXVI) duplicates the volume number for 1963-64 academic year