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Ariel - Volume 12(13) Number 4
Co-Editors
Gary Fishbein
Lynn Solomon
Business Manager
Rich Davis
Assistant Business Manager
Jeff Lavanier
Layout Editors
Paul J. Berlin
Tracy A. Glauser
Photography Editor
Ben Alma
Ariel - Volume 12(13) Number 2
Editor
Gary Fishbein
Production & Business Manager
Rich Davis
Layout Editor
Lynn Solomon
Assistant Layout Editors
Bessann Dawson
Tonie Kline
Becky A. Zuurbier
Photography Editor
Ben Alma
Governor\u27s Approval 12/13/1999
The continuing problem of how to fund public education remains the most important problem facing the Granite State. Governor Jeanne Shaheeen remains a popular Governor, apparently untouched by the education funding debate
Ariel - Volume 12(13) Number 1
Executive Editor
Gary E. Fishbein
Associate Editor
Sam Markind
Business Manager
Rich Davis
Sports Editor
Dave Cohen
Photography Editor
Ben Alman
Layout
Sheila Grossma
Why De Anima Needs III.12-13
The soul is an explanatory principle of Aristotle’s natural science, accounting
both for the fact that living things are alive as well as for the diverse natural attributes that belong to them by virtue of being alive. I argue that the explanatory
role of the soul in Aristotle’s natural science must be understood in light of his
view, stated in a controversial passage from Parts of Animals (645b14–20), that
the soul of a living thing is a “complex activity” of its organic body. This paper
explores the role of this “complex activity” model of soul in Aristotle’s study of
soul in De Anima. I argue, first, that the model has its origins in De Anima II.4,
where Aristotle argues that living things do all they do by nature for the sake of a
single, teleologically primary end. I argue further that Aristotle uses this model to
account for the psychological attributes naturally present in living things, including their capacities for vital activities like nutrition, reproduction, and perception,
and that this is the task to which Aristotle devotes the obscure final chapters of De Anima III
Cooperation of Gq, Gi, and G12/13 in Protein Kinase D Activation and Phosphorylation Induced by Lysophosphatidic Acid
To examine the contribution of different G-protein pathways to lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-induced protein kinase D (PKD) activation, we tested the effect of LPA on PKD activity in murine embryonic cell lines deficient in Galpha q/11 (Galpha q/11 KO cells) or Galpha 12/13 (Galpha 12/13 KO cells) and used cells lacking rhodopsin kinase (RK cells) as a control. In RK and Galpha 12/13 KO cells, LPA induced PKD activation through a phospholipase C/protein kinase C pathway in a concentration-dependent fashion with maximal stimulation (6-fold for RK cells and 4-fold for Galpha 12/13 KO cells in autophosphorylation activity) achieved at 3 µM. In contrast, LPA did not induce any significant increase in PKD activity in Galpha q/11 KO cells. However, LPA induced a significantly increased PKD activity when Galpha q/11 KO cells were transfected with Galpha q. LPA-induced PKD activation was modestly attenuated by prior exposure of RK cells to pertussis toxin (PTx) but abolished by the combination treatments of PTx and Clostridium difficile toxin B. Surprisingly, PTx alone strikingly inhibited LPA-induced PKD activation in a concentration-dependent fashion in Galpha 12/13 KO cells. Similar results were obtained when activation loop phosphorylation at Ser-744 was determined using an antibody that detects the phosphorylated state of this residue. Our results indicate that Gq is necessary but not sufficient to mediate LPA-induced PKD activation. In addition to Gq, LPA requires additional G-protein pathways to elicit a maximal response with Gi playing a critical role in Galpha 12/13 KO cells. We conclude that LPA induces PKD activation through Gq, Gi, and G12 and propose that PKD activation is a point of convergence in the action of multiple G-protein pathways
Assessing the what is beautiful is good stereotype and the influence of moderately attractive and less attractive advertising models on self-perception, ad attitudes, and purchase intentions of 8–13-year-old children
This paper investigates (1) whether the physical attractiveness stereotype applies to children, (2) whether children’s self-perception is influenced by the attractiveness of an advertising model, (3) whether children’s attitudes towards an ad and buying intentions for a non-beauty-related product are influenced by the attractiveness of an advertising model, and (4) whether age affects (1), (2), and (3). Results of two experimental studies with respectively 8–9-year-old (N = 75) and 12–13 year old (N = 57) girls and boys confirm the presence of the physical attractiveness stereotype in children. The presence of a moderately attractive (vs. less attractive) model has a negative influence on general self-worth for 8–9-year-old boys, but not for girls, nor for 12–13-year-old children. Exposure to a moderately attractive (vs. less attractive) model also has a positive influence on perceived physical appearance of 8–9-year-old girls, but this effect does not occur for boys, nor for 12–13-year-olds. The studies also show that moderately attractive (vs. less attractive) models increase attitudes and buying intentions for 8–9-year-olds, but not for 12–13-year-old boys and girls
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