Cooperation between local action groups. Comparison of networks created by organizations from the Lubuskie and Małopolskie voivodeships.

Lokalne grupy działania mogą realizować tzw. projekty współpracy i za ich pomocą tworzyć sieci kooperacji z innymi organizacjami tego typu. W artykule poddano analizie sieci tworzone przez LGD z województw lubuskiego oraz małopolskiego. Dążono do ustalenia różnic i podobieństw między nimi. Zadano kilka pytań: 1. Czy stosunek tych LGD z Małopolski i województwa lubuskiego, które realizują projekty współpracy do ich ogółu, jest zbliżony? 2. Jakie przesłanki przyświecały podejmowaniu współpracy, czy tylko finansowe (tj. możliwość pozyskania środków na realizację projektów), czy też inne (np. wymiana doświadczeń, wzajemna pomoc), które mogą świadczyć o gotowości LGD do budowania nieinstrumentalnych sieci społecznych? 3. Co zadecydowało o liczbie współpracujących LGD, składzie sieci? 4. Co stanowi przedmiot współpracy lokalnych grup działania? Badania (metodą case study) przeprowadzono w 2012 roku. Wykorzysta- no w nich dwie techniki badawcze: analizę danych zastanych oraz wywiad swobodny. Wykazano, iż między sieciami współpracy LGD zachodzą podobieństwa, ale i istotne różnice. Organizacje z Małopolski charakteryzowały się większą otwartością na kontakty społeczne z nieznanymi sobie podmiotami, częściej podejmowały współpracę z organizacjami z innych województw oraz krajów, co może wskazywać na wyższy poziom kapitału społecznego, jakim dysponują.Local action groups (LAGs) can realize so-called cooperation projects and create networks of cooperation within the framework of the projects with other organisations of the kind. The article includes comparison of networks created by LAGs from the Lubuskie and Małopolskie Voivodeships. The aim was to find out differences and similarities between them. A few questions were posed: 1. Are the ratios of the LAGs from the Małopolskie and Lubuskie Voivodeships which realise cooperation projects to the total numbers of LAGs in those regions similar? 2. What motivated LAGs to take up cooperation, was it only financial goals or other goals as well (such as exchange of experiences or mutual assistance), which might prove that the LAGs are ready to create noninstrumental social networks? 3. What determined the number of cooperating LAGs and composition of the networks? 4. What is the subject of cooperation between local action groups? The research was conducted in 2012 with the method of case study. Two study techniques were used in it: content analysis and free-form interview. It was proved that there are similarities but also significant differences between networks of cooperation of LAGs. Organisations from Małopolska were characterised with greater openness to social contacts with entities unknown to them and more often took up cooperation with organisations from other voivodeships and countries, which may indicate a higher level of social capital they have

Regional barriers and stimuli of SMEs development in southern Poland

The aim of the paper is to present regional business framework which affects small and medium-sized enterprises’ development. The paper presents results of own empirical research, which were conducted in late-2004 year within two groups: entrepreneurs and local authorities. The research was restricted to two provinces in southern Poland (Lesser Poland Voivodeship - Małopolska and Silesian Voivodeship - Śląsk), which make up one region within the EU NUTS classification (region II). The first research group consisted of 109 micro, small and medium-sized firms random sample and the second one of 150 commune authorities. The empirical study was based on the numerous questions, which thematically can be divided into three groups: local business environment, the entrepreneurial attitude of the owner and the characteristics of the firm as well as the development of a firm. In entrepreneurs’ perceptions nationalwide factors (96,2%) and entrepreneurial attitude of entrepreneurs (94,3%) matter most on development of small and medium-sized enterprises, but regional factors in entrepreneur’s opinions also play a very important role (76,5%). The factors based in regional business environment can be divided into two groups: stimuli and barriers. On the basis of empirical research it is possible to determine upon sixteen barriers and stimuli of small and medium-sized enterprises development, in addition to which it is worth underlining, that they are common for the whole studied community, as only in two incidents statistical essential differences were proved. As far as legal form is concerned differences of financial support evaluation were affirmed (χ2 = 8,43 at p = 0,07, χ2 YATESA = 9,05 at p = 0,06). One-man private enterprises considerably more often than remaining enterprises defined this factor as a barrier. Industrial enterprises in predominant majority (considerably more often than remaining enterprises) defined public financial support as a barrier of small and medium-sized enterprises development (χ2 = 26,2 near p = 0,03), but in addition to which the level of significance in first case is rather weak. Taking additionally the percentages of confirmed dependences into account, which carried out 3% (16 factors x 4 variables characterizing each enterprise) it can be commonly accepted, that the prepared on the basis of empirical research composition of barriers and stimuli is typical for the all studied enterprises, which allow for generalizations in this range.entrepreneurship, small and medium-sized enterprises, Poland

Mirosław Zybert, Диалог. Język rosyjski. Podręcznik z ćwiczeniami dla szkół ponadgimnazjalnych, część 1, Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne, Warszawa 2012, stron 174, ISBN 978-83-0211124-2, Numer dopuszczenia: 462/1/2012.

recenzjaUniwersytet Śląsk

Local Development and the Role of Small Towns in Space Organisation in Contemporary Poland

Published in: Origin Spatial Development of Contemporary Poland in Łódź University Geographical Research, edited by T.MarszałThe majority of small towns are undertaking efforts to redefine their role and position in the spatial structure of the region through finding new opportunities for growth and for improvement of local communities’ living conditions. The choice of appropriate growth strategy based on the right diagnosis of the situation, taking advantage of the opportunities and mobility of the local community will be decisive for the position of each town in the settlement network. Activation of small towns must take place on many planes – direct efforts to forward socio-economic growth and improve spatial development should be accompanied by increased environmental awareness. The main positive effects of the past two decades of transformations in small towns include greater sense of responsibility for the neighbourhood and enhanced quality of urban space, particularly the improvement of urban infrastructure and housing conditions

Tuwim and 'The Chorus of Idle Footsteps'

General aim of the article is to show city in Julian Tuwim’s poetry oppositely to older perspectives. Mostly critics write about his poems that they contain images of urban life and reflections of sociocultural change. I invert this traditional order and try to prove that city is created and seen by new ways of thinking – that the city is modified (not poetics first). I use Michele Certeau’s ideas, because they are similar to Tuwim’s literary praxis. Certau writes about “walking in the city” creating by language (rhetorical devices named synecdoche and asyndeton). Moreover, Certeau describes three types of “spatial requirements”: creating own space, non-time instead of tradition and appearing of new subject (common and anonymous). Reading Tuwim with Certeau’s theses gives a new look into modern city and his literary representations.Zadanie „Stworzenie anglojęzycznych wersji wydawanych publikacji” finansowane w ramach umowy nr 948/P-DUN/2016 ze środków Ministra Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę

'To Make the Enemy Immortal by the Sheer Play on Words' – on Julian Tuwim’s Pamphlets

The article presents both the formal aspects of the poetics of Tuwim’s pamphlets (enumeration, hyperbole, grotesque, irony) and the figures of those who are the targets of his satirical addresses. Tuwim used verse satires to create polemical and ironic portraits of individual people (the main figure being a nationalist journalist and literary critic Stanisław Pieńkowski) as well as to ridicule state institutions, ideologies and political parties. The author also analyses pamphlet-like lyrical poems, columns and literary criticism by Julian Tuwim. In conclusion the author describes some elements of the cultural milieu which the poet refers to in his satirical writing (popular culture and the media, totalitarian ideologies, mass-society).Zadanie „Stworzenie anglojęzycznych wersji wydawanych publikacji” finansowane w ramach umowy nr 948/P-DUN/2016 ze środków Ministra Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę

Historia i pamięć zbiorowa w polityce regionalnej (casus Śląska Opolskiego)

The multicultural and multiethnic character of Śląsk Opolski frequently leads to emotionally heated disputes over such symbols of the past as historical monuments, anniversaries of historical events, cemeteries, signs with topographic names and so on, which is reflected in regional policy. History and collective memory are obviously used by the politicians of Śląsk Opolski (both by political parties and minority organizations) for their current political purposes, in order to achieve certain political interests (such as winning or retaining voters) by means of exerting an influence on the regional community or selected groups and by shaping certain attitudes and behaviors. The author refers to concrete examples of debates held in the region to explain the phenomenon of the politicization of history. She ponders the role of researchers, including political scientists, in preventing the politicization of the past and emphasizes the necessity for their taking a stand in the process of forming regional historical policy.The multicultural and multiethnic character of Śląsk Opolski frequently leads to emotionally heated disputes over such symbols of the past as historical monuments, anniversaries of historical events, cemeteries, signs with topographic names and so on, which is reflected in regional policy. History and collective memory are obviously used by the politicians of Śląsk Opolski (both by political parties and minority organizations) for their current political purposes, in order to achieve certain political interests (such as winning or retaining voters) by means of exerting an influence on the regional community or selected groups and by shaping certain attitudes and behaviors. The author refers to concrete examples of debates held in the region to explain the phenomenon of the politicization of history. She ponders the role of researchers, including political scientists, in preventing the politicization of the past and emphasizes the necessity for their taking a stand in the process of forming regional historical policy

The Characteristics of Cultural Tourists who Visit Urban Jewish Heritage Centres: The Case Study of Visitors to the White Stork Synagogue in Wrocław

Since the White Stork Synagogue in Wrocław has been restored, opened to visitors and become a part of the so-called District of the Four Faiths promoted by the city council, both the synagogue and its neighbourhood have become tourist attractions which support Wrocław’s image as a multicultural city. Therefore, the aim of the article is to identify the characteristics of tourists visiting the synagogue which could help understand the specific features of those attracted by urban Jewish heritage. As a result of research with the use of surveys, interviews and observation, the highly emotive cognitive approach of tourists has been determined as the dominant feature in this niche market. Moreover, its strongly international character and its specific age and education structure have been pinpointed. These features form the basis for the conclusion that the tourists attracted by urban Jewish heritage form a very specific niche market which can be targeted especially by large cities through the development of themed tourist products