The Effect of the Application of Irrigation on the Productive Characteristics of Bean in Drought Conditions

Abstract

Pasulj (Phaseolus vulgaris) je mahunarka značajna za ishranu zbog visokog sadržaja proteina, vlakana i zdravstvene koristi. Ništa manji značaj nema ni sa agronomskog stanovišta zbog sposobnosti azotofiksacije i kratkog vegetacionog perioda. U Srbiji, poslednjih decenija, agroekološki uslovi su se pogoršali zbog sve ekstremnijih temperatura i smanjenih padavina, što negativno utiče na prinose. Visoke temperature smanjuju životnu sposobnost polena, otežavaju oprašivanje i oplodnju, što dovodi do smanjenog broja mahuna i nerazvijenih semena. Zbog toga je navodnjavanje postalo neophodno u proizvodnji pasulja. U okviru poljskog ogleda, postavljenog na zemljištu tipa aluvijalne smonice, ispitivan je uticaj navodnjavanja na dve sorte pasulja – Galeb i Biser – na visinu biljke, broj mahuna i masu mahuna. Rezultati su pokazali da su najveće prosečne vrednosti visine biljke ostvarene kod genotipa Galeb u varijanti gde je primenjeno navodnjavanje (42,06 cm), zatim kod istog genotipa u kontroli (38,27 cm). Genotip je ispoljio statistički značajan uticaj na ovu osobinu, dok tretman i interakcija genotipa i tretmana nisu pokazali statistički značajne razlike. Kada je u pitanju broj mahuna, oba genotipa su ostvarila znatno veće vrednosti u tretmanu sa navodnjavanjem, što potvrđuje značajan uticaj tretmana. Kod genotipa Biser zabeleženo je 15,68 mahuna, a kod Galeba 15,04, dok su u tretmanu bez navodnjavanja vrednosti bile znatno niže (Biser – 2,75, Galeb – 4,56). Uticaj navodnjavanja na masu mahuna bio je statistički vrlo značajan: kod Galeba 13,67 g, a kod Bisera 10,10 g, što se značajno razlikovalo od kontrolnog tretmana (Galeb – 2,51 g, Biser – 1,21 g). Rezultati ukazuju na važnost navodnjavanja za ostvarivanje stabilnih i visokih prinosa, naročito u uslovima suše. Proizvodnja pasulja bez sistema navodnjavanja biće sve izazovnija u budućnosti, posebno uz rastuće temperature i smanjene padavine.Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is a legume important for human nutrition due to its high content of protein, fiber, and health benefits. It is also important from an agronomic standpoint because of nitrogen fixation and a short vegetation period. In Serbia, in recent decades, ecological conditions have worsened due to increasingly extreme temperatures and reduced precipitation, which negatively affect yields. High temperatures reduce pollen viability, hinder pollination and fertilization, and lead to a reduced number of pods and undeveloped seeds. For this reason, irrigation has become essential in bean production. Within a field experiment established on alluvial soil, the influence of irrigation on two bean varieties – Galeb and Biser – on plant height, number of pods, and pod weight was examined. The results showed that the highest average plant height values were achieved in the Galeb genotype in the irrigated treatment (42.06 cm), followed by the same genotype in the control (38.27 cm). The genotype had a statistically significant effect on this trait, while treatment and the genotype × treatment interaction did not show significant differences. Regarding the number of pods, both genotypes achieved significantly higher values under irrigation treatment, confirming the importance of irrigation. The Biser genotype recorded 15.68 pods, while Galeb had 15.04, compared to much lower values without irrigation (Biser – 2.75, Galeb – 4.56). The irrigation treatment also had a highly significant effect on pod mass: 13.67 g for Galeb and 10.10 g for Biser, compared to the control (2.51 g and 1.21 g, respectively). The results indicate the importance of irrigation for achieving stable yields, especially under drought conditions. Bean production without irrigation systems will become increasingly challenging in the future, particularly with rising temperatures and reduced rainfall