Phytochemistry And Medicinal Potential Of Lamiaceae: A Comprehensive Review

The Lamiaceae (mint) family is one of the most significant plant families, known for its rich diversity of medicinal and aromatic plants. Comprising over 7,000 species across 250 genera, Lamiaceae members are characterized by essential oils, flavonoids, polyphenols, and terpenoids, contributing to their medicinal properties (Baser & Buchbauer, 2010; Vieira et al., 2018). Traditionally, these plants have been used to treat various ailments, including respiratory, digestive, and inflammatory disorders (Sharopov, 2013). Recent research highlights their pharmacological potential, particularly their antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects (Miguel, 2010; Singh et al., 2017). This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the phytochemistry and medicinal properties of Lamiaceae species, along with their therapeutic applications and future research prospects

A Review on Ornamental Plants And Their Multifunctional Uses: Aesthetic, Ecological, Health, And Socio-Economic Dimensions

Ornamental plants beautify landscapes while delivering ecological, economic, and health benefits (Elmqvist et al., 2019; Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005). They regulate microclimate, filter air, support biodiversity, and improve wellbeing (Bowler et al., 2010; Nowak et al., 2014; Baldock et al., 2015; Ulrich, 1984). Risks include invasiveness, allergenicity, and high inputs (Reichard & White, 2001; Cariñanos & Casares-Porcel, 2011). Contemporary practice emphasizes native, low-input, climate-resilient palettes and nature-based solutions (Roloff, 2016; IPBES, 2019; Berland et al., 2017). We synthesize evidence and propose design and policy directions

Review of Climate Change: Causes, Impacts, and Mitigation Strategies

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/3This review paper synthesizes current knowledge on climate change, examining its observed trends, underlying causes, multifaceted impacts, and potential strategies for mitigation and adaptation. Emphasis is placed on quantifiable changes in global temperature, greenhouse gas emissions, and the socioeconomic and environmental repercussions. Key datasets and summary tables are provided to support the discussion, along with up-to-date references from authoritative sources

A Comprehensive Review on Plant Stress Hormones: Roles, Mechanisms, and Applications

Plant stress hormones are central to the modulation of responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. This review synthesizes recent advances in our understanding of major plant hormones—abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonates (JAs), salicylic acid (SA), ethylene (ET), and others—in mediating stress responses. We discuss the signaling pathways, crosstalk among hormones, and the practical implications of manipulating these pathways to enhance stress tolerance in crops. Finally, we outline future research directions for integrating hormone signaling into sustainable agricultural practices

Nano Pesticides: Advances, Applications, And Environmental Implications

The development of nano pesticides represents a paradigm shift in agricultural practices by providing targeted pest management with reduced environmental impact. This review synthesizes recent advances in nano pesticide design, formulation, and delivery mechanisms, with an emphasis on efficacy, environmental safety, and regulatory challenges. We discuss the physicochemical properties that underpin nano pesticide behavior, their interaction with biological systems, and the implications for integrated pest management. The paper also highlights the need for further research to address potential risks associated with nano-enabled formulations and provides recommendations for future studies

Heavy Metal Zinc Toxicity In Algae: A Review

Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace element for biological systems, but excessive concentrations in aquatic environments can be toxic to algae, affecting their growth, photosynthesis, and biochemical composition. This review examines the sources, bioaccumulation, toxicity mechanisms, and physiological responses of algae to zinc contamination. We also discuss the role of algae in bioremediation and potential mitigation strategies

A Review Study On Biodiversity Of Eastern Himalaya And Its Conservation Strategies

The Eastern Himalaya is one of the most ecologically diverse regions on Earth, serving as a critical biodiversity hotspot with high levels of endemism. Spanning northeastern India, Bhutan, south eastern Tibet, and northern Myanmar, this region harbors thousands of plant and animal species, many of which are endangered. However, rapid environmental changes, deforestation, habitat fragmentation, climate change, and anthropogenic pressures threaten its biodiversity. This review synthesizes existing literature on the biodiversity of the Eastern Himalaya and examines conservation strategies, including protected areas, community-based initiatives, and trans boundary co-operation. Strengthening these strategies through policy implementation, local engagement, and scientific research is essential for safeguarding the region’s rich ecological heritage

A Review on the Impact of Chemicals Used in Crops on Human Health

Modern crop production relies on a wide array of chemicals—including pesticides, synthetic fertilizers, plant growth regulators, and post-harvest treatments—to secure yields and reduce losses. While these inputs contribute to food security, accumulating evidence links both occupational and dietary exposures to a spectrum of human health outcomes. Documented risks range from acute poisonings and irritant effects to chronic neurobehavioral changes, endocrine disruption, reproductive toxicity, carcinogenicity, cardiometabolic disease, and perturbed gut microbiomes. Risk varies with compound class, formulation, dose, timing, and life stage, and is modified by regulatory controls, residues at consumption, and mitigation practices across the farm-to-fork chain. This review synthesizes epidemiological, toxicological, and risk-assessment evidence; highlights vulnerable populations; summarizes regulatory approaches (ADI, ARfD, MRLs); and identifies practical risk-reduction strategies such as integrated pest management (IPM), safer formulations, improved application practices, and consumer-level decontamination. We conclude with research and policy priorities to align agricultural productivity with human health protection

Use of Drones In Crop Health Monitoring: A Comprehensive Review (2014–2025)

Drones (unmanned aerial vehicles, UAVs) have rapidly transitioned from experimental tools to dependable, field-scale systems for crop health monitoring. By delivering on-demand, centimeter-level imagery and thermal/structural measurements, UAVs enable early diagnosis of nutrient limitations, water stress, pest and disease outbreaks, and stand establishment issues. This review synthesizes the state of the art in UAV platforms and sensors (RGB, multispectral, hyperspectral, thermal, LiDAR), radiometric and geometric workflows, vegetation indices and biophysical proxies, and analytics using machine learning and deep learning. Practical agronomic applications—nutrient management, irrigation scheduling, weed mapping, variable-rate prescriptions, lodging assessment, and yield forecasting—are evaluated alongside economics, environmental benefits, and operational constraints. We also discuss policy and capacity considerations for large-scale deployment, with emphasis on emerging markets. Finally, we outline future directions in multimodal sensor fusion, 3D/temporal retrievals, edge autonomy, and foundation AI models for robust, field-ready decision support

Traditional Medicinal Plants Used in Cold and Cough: A Pharmacological Review

Traditional medicinal plants have long played a central role in the management of respiratory ailments such as cold, cough, bronchitis, and sore throat. Numerous indigenous systems, including Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, and folk medicine, utilize a variety of herbs with expectorant, mucolytic, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory properties. The present review compiles and analyzes current pharmacological and phytochemical evidence supporting these ethnomedicinal uses. Key plant species—Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi), Adhatoda vasica (Vasaka), Zingiber officinale (Ginger), Piper longum (Long pepper), Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice), and Justicia adhatoda—are discussed for their bioactive compounds and mechanisms of action, including anti-inflammatory and bronchodilatory effects. This review aims to integrate traditional knowledge with contemporary pharmacological validation, thereby providing a scientific basis for the continued and safe use of these plants in modern herbal formulations