Transnationalization vs. Eco-Nationalism: Discursive Framing of Environmental Struggles in Serbia

This chapter explores the interplay between nationalist (eco-nationalist) framing and the transnationalization of environmental struggles in Serbia, focusing on the case of protests against lithium mining in the Jadar Valley. The discursive framing of the protests varies along the eco-nationalist axis, and we aim to explore how this framing influences the potential for the transnationalization of environmental struggles. The research is based on the critical discourse analysis of content on the social media and media outlets of the environmental organizations involved in protests against lithium mining in Serbia: “Let’s Protect Jadar and Rađevina”, “March from the Drina”, and “EKO Social Action”. The findings suggest that eco-nationalism (especially the ethnic subtype) can limit certain paths towards transnationalization (e.g., forging alliances with organizations from “core” countries). However, as can be seen in this case, it can also open up new avenues of cooperation with activists from (semi-)peripheral countries facing similar environmental injustices

Humans and animals in the Middle Ages

Како би изгледао средњовековни свет без животиња? Без волова на њивама, коња у биткама, свиња на имањима, соколова у рукама племства? Тешко је замислити. Животиње су биле неизоставан део свакодневног живота у средњем веку. Оне су обезбеђивале храну, одећу, радну снагу и забаву, а истовремено имале дубок економски, културни и симболички значај. Сточарство је било основна привредна грана, а домаће животиње – говеда, овце, козе и свиње – биле су кључне за исхрану и трговину, обезбеђујући месо, млеко, вуну и кожу. Коњи, магарци и муле служили су за рад и транспорт, док су дворишта била домаћини кокошака, патака и гусака, које су обезбеђивале јаја и месо. Пси и мачке су били верни љубимци, али и незамењиви помагачи. Пси су чували домаћинства и стада, пратили господаре у лову, док су мачке играле кључну улогу у борби против глодара. У средњем веку, лов је био привилегија племства, а право на лов било је владарско, често уступано цркви и властели. Дивље животиње ловљене су не само због хране већ и због цењеног крзна. Иако је лов био важан за обогаћивање исхране, остаци дивљачи на археолошким налазиштима су ретки. Најчешће ловљене врсте биле су јелен, дивља свиња и зец, а нешто ређе срна, вук, медвед, лисица, рис и веверица. Иако риболов није играо кључну улогу у свакодневној исхрани, свакако је доприносио разноврсности јеловника. Међу често коришћеним рибама биле су врсте попут шарана, деверика, штука, смуђа и сома. Ипак, прави луксуз представљале су дунавске врсте, као што су моруна, руска јесетра и паструга, које су на ове просторе вероватно стизале трговином. Животиње су често биле симболи престижа и богатства. Паунови су красили дворишта, док су дресирани соколови и јастребови били омиљени међу владарима и племићима. Егзотичне животиње размењиване су међу владарима као знак моћи, а у средњовековној Србији коњи су често били највреднији дар. Животиње су имале и значајно место у религији и веровањима. Многе од њих су у религијској симболици представљале особине и божанске квалитете, или су биле повезане са одређеним светим радњама. На пример, јагње је било симбол Христа, а лав симбол храбрости и моћи, често приказиван уз владаре или светитеље. У средњем веку животиње су биле много више од извора хране и радне снаге. Оне су обликовале свакодневни живот, друштвене односе и биле симболи моћи и престижа. Биле су кључне за привреду, али и за културолошки идентитет средњовековног друштва.What would the medieval world look like without animals? Without oxen in the fields, horses in battles, pigs on estates, falcons on the hands of the nobility? It is difficult to imagine. Animals were an indispensable part of everyday life in the Middle Ages. They were used for food, clothing, labour, and entertainment, while also having profound economic, cultural, and symbolic significance

The Liminal Position of the Social Movement „Serbian Resistance Movement“ in the SFRY as an Anticipator of a Non-Governmental Organizations

Рад истражује социополитички положај „Српског покрета отпора“ (1981–1989) као лиминалног тела између друштвеног покрета и невладине организа-ције. У раду се прво анализира да ли су друштвени покрети у СФРЈ могли бити алтерна-тива за невладине организације које су биле политички активне у „Западним земљама“ и на који начин је овај покрет постао политички активно тело. Затим, поставља се пи-тање да ли ће „Српски покрет отпора“ антиципирати појаву невладиних организација у Србији које се, након распада СФРЈ, баве положајем Срба на Косову и Метохији и у региону и теже решавању проблема који су званично у надлежности државе. Анализа показује да је „Српски покрет отпора“ попримио одлике невладине организације, али се служио стратегијама друштвених покрета зато што термин „невладина организаци-ја“ није био институционализован у социјализму и вође покрета нису имале легитимну основу за политички ангажман паралелно са државом као ванпартијско тело.The paper explores the sociopolitical position of the „Serbian Resistance Movement“ (1981– 1989) as a liminal body between a social movement and an NGO. The paper first analyzes whether social movements in the SFRY could have been an alternative to NGOs that were politically active in „Western countries “and how this movement became a politically active body. Then, the question arises whether the „Serbian Resistance Movement“ will anticipate the emergence of NGOs in Serbia that, after the collapse of the SFRY, deal with the position of Serbs in Kosovo and Metohija and the region and strive to solve problems that are officially within the jurisdiction of the state. The analysis shows that the „Serbian Resistance Movement“ adopted the characteristics of an NGO, but used the strategies of social movements because the term „non-governmental organization“ was not used in socialism and the leaders of the movement did not have a legitimate basis for political engagement parallel to the state as a non-party body

Exploring the sociogenesis of identity by integrating big story and small story narrative research: a step-by-step methodological guide

This paper proposes an integrated epistemological and methodological approach to narrative identity research that leverages the strengths of big story and small story traditions. We outline the study design for researching the dynamics between micro-social identity processes and stabilized identity positions. We suggest sampling dyads and gathering data regarding the unresolved experience in two main phases: individual interviews and interactions. A binocular approach to analysis of contrasted individual stories and negotiation is advanced, in which narrative and discursive resources are utilized to trace the identity co-construction. The data analysis in each of the two phases is organized through three levels, illustrated with an example: preparatory work, core analysis, and higher-order interpretation. Highlighting the the interconnectedness between motivational-emotional and identity processes, our framework offers a dynamic, processual, and contextual approach to narrative identity co-construction. Suggested design moves us toward bridging the individual/social divide that is persistently reproduced in psychological theory and research

Different angles on the same phenomenon: Clientelism through calculation, moral obligation, and habitus

U radu su predstavljena i analizirana tri pristupa koja dominantno oblikuju polje istraživanja klijentelizma danas: pristup koji klijentelizam posmatra kao ekonomsku razmenu u kojoj svi uključeni akteri (klijenti i patroni, odnosno brokeri) racionalno procenjuju dobitke i gubitke, stanovište koje fenomenu prilazi iz ugla moralne ekonomije stavljajući naglasak na moralnu obavezu i recipročnost, i sociokulturna koncepcija oslonjena na ideju klijentelističkog habitusa. Istraživanja koja počivaju na jednoj od tri teorijske pozicije ostale tretiraju kao rivalske, što često implicira metodološke i normativne podele. U našem radu ćemo izložiti argumentaciju u prilog shvatanja da sama priroda klijentelizma oličena u neformalnoj odgođenoj razmeni otvara mogućnost prožimanja teorijskih perspektiva, te da je njegova arhitektonika sačinjena i od interesa i strategija, i od afekata, i od dispozicija i navika. Uvažićemo pretpostavku instrumentalističkog pristupa da su pojedinci ili grupe koji stupaju u klijentelističku razmenu svesni svojih interesa, skloni premeravanju uloženog i dobijenog, i sposobni da razmišljaju o alternativama, ali i gledište zajedničko normativističkom i sociokulturnom pristupu da se transakcija ne odvija u vakuumu, niti u svetu čistog ekonomskog kalkulusa, već u zajednici koja pred pojedince i grupe stavlja određene obaveze i očekivanja, te klijentelističkom odnosu obezbeđuje stabilnost i trajanje. Na kraju ćemo se založiti za kritičku i refleksivnu integraciju pristupa.This paper presents and analyses three dominant approaches that shape contemporary research on clientelism: the economic exchange approach, where all involved actors (clients, patrons, or brokers) rationally assess gains and losses; the moral economy perspective, emphasizing moral obligation and reciprocity; and the sociocultural conception grounded in the idea of clientelist habitus. Research following one of these theoretical positions often treats the others as rivals, leading to methodological and normative divisions. This paper argues that the very nature of clientelism, embodied in informal delayed exchange, allows for the integration of these theoretical perspectives. We argue that its architecture comprises interests and strategies, as well as affects, dispositions, and habits. We acknowledge the instrumentalist perspective’s assumption that individuals or groups engaging in clientelist exchanges are aware of their interests, capable of weighing inputs and outcomes and considering alternatives. Simultaneously, we recognize the shared view of normative and sociocultural approaches that transactions do not occur in a vacuum or a purely economic calculus but within a community imposing specific obligations and expectations, thus ensuring the stability and longevity of clientelist relationships. Finally, we advocate for a critical and reflective integration of these approaches

The position of Jews in Serbia and Romania in 1867. according to British diplomatic sources

U ovom radu se komparativno posmatraju okolnosti života jevrejske zajednice u Rumuniji i Srbiji. Uprkos nesrazmernomj veličini jevrejske zajedenice, autori prate povezanost ovih kneževina po pitanju rešavanja jevrejskog pitanja, odnosno intenzivne aktivnosti britanske diplomatije da bude medijator u rešavanju ovog pitanja. Osnov za komparaciju autori vide u povezanosti odnosa britanskih diplomata prema Srbiji i Rumuniji, odnosno smanjenju pritiska na srpsku vladu i kneza Mihaila nakon što su se u Rumuniji intenzivirali progoni Jevreja u toku leta 1867. godine. Autori posebnu pažnju posvećuju društvenopolitičkom kontestu budući da su obe države u periodu 1866−1867 prolazile kroz turbulentan period: u Bukureštu je 1866. godine donet ustav koji je imao diskriminatorske odredbe prema Jevrejima, dok su u Srbiji i dalje važilizakoni prema Jevrejima koji su im ograničavali privredne aktivnosti, u Srbiji je početkom 1867. došlo do predaje gradova srpskim vlastima. Sudeći po britanskimizvorima izThe National Archives (TNA) Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva koji su korišćeni kao osnova ovog rada, događaji koji su se odigrali u Srbiji i Rumuniji bili su važni Ministarstvu spoljnih poslova Velike Britanije, kao i najvažnijim jevrejskim organizacijama i pojedincima. Udruženim snagama oni su pokušali da ublaže diskriminišući položaj Jevreja u Srbiji i Rumuniji što je fokus ovog rada.This paper compares the life circumstances of the Jewish community in Romania and Serbia. Despite the disproportionate size of the Jewish community, the authors follow the connection of these principalities in terms of solving the Jewish question, that is, the intensive activities of British diplomacy to mediate in solving this issue. The authors see the basis for the comparison in the connection between the relations of British diplomats towards Serbia and Romania, that is, the reduction of pressure on the Serbian government and Prince Mihailo after the persecution of Jews intensified in Romania in the summer of 1867.The authors pay special attention to the socio-political context since both countries were going through a turbulent period in the period 1866-1867: in Bucharest, in 1866, a constitution was passed that had discriminatory provisions against Jews, while in Serbia, laws against Jews that restricted their economic activities were still valid, in Serbia, in early 1867, cities were handed over to the Serbian authorities. Judging by the British sourcesfrom The National Archives (TNA) of the United Kingdom used as the basis of this work, the events that took place in Serbia and Romania were important to the Foreign Office of Great Britain, as well as to the most important Jewish organizations and individuals. With joint forces, they tried to alleviate the discriminatory position of Jews in Serbia and Romania, which is the focus of this work

Перспективе целоживотног учења у дигиталном окружењу

Колико се учење мења под утицајем нових технологија, тако и само учење мења дигитално окружење у коме се одвија, чинећи да се оно прилагођава нашим потребама. Овај рад анализира различите перспективе и могућности које дигитално окружење пружа за целоживотно образовање. Дигиталне платформе, ресурси и алати омогућавају флексибилност, доступност и персонализацију учења, чиме доприносе развоју појединаца и њиховој професионалној адаптабилности. С друге стране, рад се бави изазовима, попут дигиталне (не)писмености, коришћења дигиталних технологија и креирањем окружења за дигитално целоживотно учење. У теоријском оквиру разматрају се теорија конективизма у учењу одраслих и колаборативног учења, уз нагласак на нужност холистичког приступа који интегрише техничке, педагошке и друштвене димензије учења у дигиталном окружењу. На основу теоријске анализе предлажу се препоруке за будуће концептуализације образовања у дигиталном окружењу са нагласком на развоју интерактивних виртуелних окружења за учење конципираних на принципима педагогије друштвеног знања и колаборативне интелигенције, али и на креирању простора за учење кроз дијалошки процес, те превазилажењу дихотомије између класичног и дигиталног окружења за учење. Закључује се да дигитално окружење, упркос изазовима, представља кључну платформу за оснаживање појединаца и заједница у контексту глобалних промена и друштвеног напретка.As much as learning changes under the influence of new technologies, learning itself changes the digital environment in which it takes place, making it adapt to our needs. The paper analyses different perspectives and options that digital environment provides for lifelong learning. Digital platforms, resources, and tools enable flexibility, availability, and personalisation of learning, contributing to personal development and professional adaptability of individuals. On the other hand, the paper looks at the challenges, such as digital (il)literacy, the use of digital technologies, and the creation of the environment for digital lifelong learning. The theoretical part of the paper investigates the theory of connectivism in adult learning and collaborative learning, with an emphasis on the necessity of a hollistic approach which integrates technical, pedagogical, and social dimensions of learning in digital environment. Based on the theoretical analysis, the authors offer recommendations for future conceptualisations of educaction in digital environment, with an emphasis on the development of interactive virtual learning environments based on the principles of the pedagogy of social knowledge and collaborative intelligence, as well as on the creation of space for learning through the process of dialogue, and overcoming the dichotomy between traditional and digital learning environment. Our conclusion is that digital environment, despite the challenges, represents the key platform for the empowerment of individuals and the community in the context of global changes and social progress

Understanding the impact of maladaptive schemas on the dynamics of friends with benefits relationships

When analyzing the process of development, it is crucial to include the dimension of sexual development. Friends with benefits (FWB) are characterized by differing frequencies and intensities of both non-genital and genital behaviors. FWB are defined as friendships that incorporate a sexual element without the commitment (Lehmiller et al., 2011). Maladaptive schemas are deep-rooted patterns formed in early childhood that influence an individual's selfperception and interactions (Young et al. 2003). This research aims to determine whether schemas predict engagement in FWB, and and how this relationship varies across genders. A convenient sample of 514 respondents (40 males) was utilized. Age ranged from 17 to 25 (M = 22.01, SD = 2.06). Respondents reported sexual orientation, (88.9% heterosexual). Data were collected on experience/current status in FWB. The Young Schema Questionnaire - Short Form (α = .53 to .98) (Slepecky et al., 2019) assessed schemas, comprising 90 items across 18 schemas and 5 domains. Results indicate that 4.3% of respondents have never had sexual intercourse. The age of first sexual intercourse ranges from 13 to 26. 20.2% have been in an FWB in the past 12 months or are currently in one, and 41.1% have experienced an FWB at least once. The T-test comparing men and women reveals significant differences in two schemas: insufficient self-control (t (512) = -2.29, p = .02) and approval-seeking (t (54.28) = 3.28, p = .002). In both cases, women scored higher. The T-test on sexual orientation indicate that significant differences emerged in half of the schemas, across four out of five domains, and in the overall score, so further analyses were conducted on the heterosexuals. A binary logistic regression examined the relationship between involvement in an FWB and schemas. Only the Mistrust/Abuse schema was significant (χ2(1) = 8.27, N = 512, p = .004). The odds ratio (Exp(B)) was 1.090, indicating that higher scores on the schema are significantly associated with an increased likelihood of being involved in an FWB. These findings suggest that schemas related to mistrust play a crucial role in shaping the dynamics of FWB. Psychologists might consider challenging these schemas to promote healthier relationship patterns and incorporating schema-focused interventions into relationship education programs to help individuals better understand and manage their expectations and behaviors in relationships

They’re not like us: Competitive jungle beliefs predict speciesisim

The sentiment that humans should be treated as superior to animals (i.e. speciesism) is often used to justify their exploitation. As it entails a strong belief of a hierarchy of importance among living beings, it might be embedded in a particular worldview. For example, unfair treatment of animals might be a manifestation of the naive Darwinian beliefs that the world is a competitive jungle in which we must fight over scarce resources to survive. It can also stem from a general perception of the world as a highly dangerous place with constant threats to our well-being. Digging even deeper, speciesism might result from a strong desire for societal order and support for hierarchy and authority that extends even beyond people and groups to animals. To examine the sociopolitical footprint of speciesism, we recruited 655 participants (66% women) aged 18-80 (M = 45.4, SD = 12.2). Alongside speciesism (α = .84), they filled in measures of Authoritarianism (α = .74), Social Dominance Orientation (α = .89), Competitive jungle (α = .86), and Dangerous world beliefs (α = .86), as well as two single-item measures of economic and social ideological self-placement. The results indicate that speciesism is related to higher SDO (r = .27), Authoritarianism (r = .18) and both social (r = .17) and economic (r = .12) right-wing ideology. Conversely, regarding worldview beliefs, speciesism was related only to the competitive jungle (r = .28) but not dangerous worldview beliefs. To examine the relative contribution of these predictors, we ran a hierarchical linear regression predicting speciesism. In the first step, authoritarianism, SDO, and ideology explained 8% of the variance (F(5, 650) = 15.56, p < .001), with SDO (ꞵ = .21, p < .001) and economic ideology (ꞵ = .09, p = .013) as significant predictors. Adding Competitive jungle and Dangerous world beliefs in the second step improved the predictive power of the model (ΔR2 = .05, ΔF(2,648) = 18.46, p < .001), with two worldview beliefs contributing in opposite directions. Individuals who endorsed competitive jungle beliefs were more likely to endorse speciesism (ꞵ = .22, p < .001), while those higher in dangerous world beliefs were less likely to endorse it (ꞵ = -.15, p < .001). Our results indicate that speciesism is rooted in support for societal hierarchy and that it can be viewed as a manifestation of naive social Darwinism.31. Međunarodni naučni skup Empirijska istraživanja u psihologiji 28–30. mart 2025; Filozofski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu - Saopštenja štampana u izvod