The Effect of Force on Fingerprint Image Quality and Fingerprint Distortion

The purpose of this paper is to investigate fingerprint quality and quality problems due to nonlinear elastic distortion. The effect of force on fingerprint quality was studied using computation and analysis of the correlation coefficient r between the fingerprint quality score and force. The correlation analysis results show that fingerprint quality is significantly attributed to force. Based on the U test, a comparative study between male and female students about the fingerprint quality was conducted. At the 0.05 level of significance, there is a significant difference between male and female students in the fingerprint quality of the flat left thumb at a greater force level and in the fingerprint quality of the slap left fingers at all force levels.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v3i3.248

Compensation of Voltage Single-Phase SAG and SWELL Using Dynamic Voltage Restorer and Difference Per-Unit Value Method

Recently, the demand for high power quality by customers, has increased significantly. Common power equipment to protect sensitive loads against voltage disturbances in distribution networks, which are known by D-FACTS devices include: D-STATCOM , DVR  and UPQC. Consequences resulting from industrial processes can be classified into two categories that are, nonlinear and unbalanced loads and high vulnerability to transient faults (such as voltage sag) in distribution systems. DVR is a equipment  which  was connected  in series  and  adjusting  the  loading  voltage by feeding  the  voltage  in  system. The  first  installation  was  in 1996.  usually  DVR  installed  between  sensitive loads feeder  and  source  in  distribution system. The  main  duty, fast support load  voltage (by fast detection algorithm)  during  disturbance  to  avoid  any  disconnection. In this paper approaches to compensate for voltage sag and swell as a common disturbance in voltage transmission and distribution networks is presented. A dynamic voltage restorer based on the average detection method for single-phase is discussed, in the other hand  this  paper describes the effect to using  DVR  inorder  to  restoring the voltage sag and swell by difference per-unit value method(average detection) in  distribution  system. The result of  single-phase  voltage  sag and swell simulation has been presented  by SIMULINK/ MATLAB.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v3i1.213

An Approach for Displaying the Relations among Main Elements of Object-Oriented Programs

An appropriate understanding of the source code is one of the necessary steps for resolving errors and improving code and design. Two fundamental aspects in Object-Oriented Programs are program elements including classes and packages, and the relations among them. In this paper, a multi-step approach has been presented and implemented for recovering and displaying main elements of an Object-Oriented Program including classes, packages, and the relations among them. This approach has been done through three steps; first, the set of classes, packages, and the relations among them are obtained automatically from the program source code. Second, a code is injected to the program source code to register the information needed during runtime. Finally, the information obtained from previous steps is displayed. The results of this approach can be used for automatic documentation, teaching programming, better understanding and evaluating Object-Oriented Programs, reverse engineering methods for detecting program strengths and weaknesses.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v3i5.403

Ferranti Effect in Transmission Line

A temporary overvoltage is an oscillatory phase to ground or phase to phase over voltage that is relatively long duration and is undamped or only weakly damped.Temporary over voltages usually originate from faults, sudden charge of load, Ferranti effect, linear resonance, ferroresonance, open conductor, induced resonance from coupled circuits and so forth.The steady voltage at the open end of an uncompensated transmission line is always higher than the voltage at the sending end.This phenomenon is known as the Ferranti effect. This paper presents a study of Ferranti effect in electrical transmission line.The study is based on both software and hardware.The MATLAB program gives the locus of sending end voltage with line length which shows that receiving end voltage is greater than sending end voltage.From the experiment with transmission line simulator the values of three phase voltages at  sending end and receiving end were found which proves the Ferranti effect.These two methods were used to give the idea about the Ferranti effect.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i4.45

Technical and Economic Assessment for using Ground-Source Heat Pumps in Commercial and Institutional Buildings

One of the most important methods proposed for reduction of consumed energy in facility and ventilation systems in a building is application of ground source heat pumps (GSHPs). With regard to the enhanced use of such pumps in providing heat and cold demands in homes, commercial centers, institutions and industrial buildings analysis of their performance as well as their benefits and deficiencies compared to common ventilation systems have gained interest of many researchers. Such systems apply ground as a thermal well in summer and as a heat source in winter. They can be used in various climatic conditions in different regions. They have no combustion and they only transfer heat. In the present article first, performance conditions of ground source heat pumps (in two modes of heating and cooling) are analyzed. Then in order to assess the performance of proposed model economically, its application in Iran will be studied. Finally after introducing the proposed plan and by concluding the overall results the return time for investment will be estimated. The obtained results from graph analysis would indicate the superiority of proposed model over other plans and also it provides an appropriate general context for the researchers for a better understanding and examining this system in comparison to other systems.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i4.146

Improving Quality of Vehicle Tracking Systems in Hill Stations Using IEEE 802.16 Networks

IEEE 802.16 standard was designed to support the vehicle tracking system applications with quality of service(QOS). Tracking system is used for tracking the vehicles in hill stations with quality of service(QOS). With the help of subscriber station(SS) can track the vehicles. Subscriber station’s will provide signals to the mobiles and vehicles .In this paper, we propose a scheme, named vehicle tracking system, to track the vehicles without any interrupt in hill stations with quality of service(QOS). The idea of the proposed scheme is to track the vehicles in the roads of the hill stations which is coming in opposite direction and back of the vehicle. Analysis and simulations are used to evaluate the proposed scheme. Simulation and analysis results confirm  that the proposed can track the vehicles with the help of subscriber station by given quality of service(QOS). Scheduling algorithms are proposed to improve the overall throughput. The simulation results show that our proposed algorithm improves the overall throughput by 40% in a steady network.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v3i1.213

Near Field Communication

Near Field Communication (NFC) is a technology that enables a device to communicate with another at a maximum distance of around 20cm or less. Currently, mobile phone manufacturers, banking institutions and mobile network providers are attempting to apply this technology to Smartphones and other handheld devices because of the opportunity to enable the consumer to use commercial services more easily. This paper discusses the expected increase in mobile payments using Near Field Communication, possible uses and the risks associated with carrying out transactions over a wireless network. We also discuss a real world implementation of an NFC based loyalty card system for retail.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i3.23

Design of a Computer Code To Evaluate the Influence of the Harmonics in the Electrical Networks

This paper aims to present the design of a computer code (HPFCODE), forcalculate a power flow and power losses in power systems under theinfluence of harmonics, using the GUI in MATLAB. After described theprogram was run for two networks IEEE 6 nodes and IEEE 14 nodes. Thepower flow by Newton-Raphson method was calculated as the losses ofactive and reactive power in the lines, respectively, where the loads arelinear and nonlinear (Static Var Compensator(SVC), Thyristor controlledReactor(TCR), and Unified Power Flow Controller ((UPFC)), The resultswere almost consistent and show the influence of higher harmonics onpower losses in electrical networks.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i5.146

AC-RDVT: Acyclic Resource Distance Vector Routing Tables for Dynamic Grid Resource Discovery

Since the objective of grid is sharing the numerous and heterogeneous resources, resource discovery is a challenging issue. Recently appeared, Ontosum, is a resource discovery method based on semantically linked organizations and a routing algorithm Resource Distance Vector (RDV), has been presented to forward resource discovery queries into the clusters. Although this framework is efficient for large-scale grids and nodes are clustered automatically based on semantic attributes to constitute a semantically linked overlay network, but the dynamic behavior of grid isn’t considered. In this method, deceptive information is stored in RDV tables (RDVT) which cause some problems in routing process. In this paper, a method is proposed to improve the dynamism of RDV routing algorithm, so the consistency with grid environments is increased. The developed algorithm is assessed by investigating the success probability, number of hops and routing time of resource discovery.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v3i1.183

New Design of Channel Drop Filter by Triangular Photonic Crystal

We have designed a new type of optical channel drop filter (CDF) based on two dimensional triangular lattice photonic crystals. CDF operation is based on coupling to the photonic crystal waveguide. The proposed structure is optimized to work as a CDF. For obtaining the CDF characteristics and band structure of the filter, the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method and plane wave expansion (PWE) method are used respectively. Dropping efficiency at 1556nm and quality factor (Q) of our proposed structure are 100% and 260, respectively. The quantities of quality factor and transmission efficiency are suitable for optical applications. The overall size of the proposed add drop filter is 191.97µm2, which is smaller than the filters already reported and it is highly desirable for photonic integrated circuits (PICs).DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v3i1.193