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教師の力量形成に関する日伊比較研究 -被教育体験期の経験と教職生活上の意義ある出来事を中心に-
本論文の目的は、2010年代後半の日本とイタリアの公立小・中学校教師を対象とした質問表調査の結果を比較することによって、両国の教師の被教育体験期と教職生活の中で意義あることを相対化し、両国の教師の特徴を捉えることである。
その結果、次のことが明らかになった。第一は、両国の教員養成制度の差異が進路決定の時期の違いとして表れており、教職を目指す者は、進路決定を強く迫られる時期の影響を受けることである。第二は、教職に就くきっかけとして、日本の教師が子ども時代に出会った身近にいる者の影響を指摘しているのに対し、イタリアの教師は子どもと直接接した経験とアカデミックな経験をあげていることである。第三は、教職活動を進めていく上での基礎を培うにあたって役立っている経験については、日本の教師が大学時代までの人との交流経験を、イタリアの教師は大学時代のフォーマル、インフォーマルなアカデミックな学修経験を指摘していることである。第四は、自身の教育実践や教育観に影響を及ぼしていることについては、日伊の教師に共通して、学校内外での人々との出会いや研究活動、教育実践上の経験をあげていることである。第五は、日本の教師は私的経験を教職生活と結びつけることによって力量形成を行うに対し、イタリアの教師はそういうことはあまりなく、社会的活動や、学校外での研究活動を自身の力量形成にとって意義深いと感じていることである。
以上のことから、日本には、親密な人間関係と総合的な人間性を基盤とする教師文化があるのに対し、イタリアでは、アカデミックな基盤のもとでの社会的関心の高い教師文化があることが推察される。Using data from a survey conducted near the end of the 2010s among teachers in public primary and lower secondary schools in Japan and Italy, we compared the two sets of teachers in terms of their experiences during school days and significant events in their teaching lives that contribute to their career development as teachers, to identify country-specific teacher trends.
The analysis revealed the following: First, differences in education systems between the two countries explain the difference between the two sets of teachers in terms of when they decided to become teachers (people who aspire to teach are influenced by the time at which they come under pressure to pick a career). Second, when asked what inspired them to become teachers, Japanese teachers tended to cite people they knew during childhood, whereas their Italian counterparts tended to cite direct interactions with learners or academic experiences. Third, when asked what experiences helped them form a foundation for developing their teaching career, Japanese teachers tended to cite relationships at school and university, whereas Italian teachers tended to cite formal and informal academic experiences at university. Fourth, when asked what shaped their teaching practice and teaching philosophy, both sets of teachers cited interpersonal experiences in and out of school, research activities, and workplace experiences. Fifth, Japanese teachers tended to relate personal experiences to their lives as teachers as part of their competency development, whereas the teachers in Italy were less likely to do so; instead, they tended to regard social activities and out-of-school research as important for their career development.
Thus, the analysis suggests that teacher culture in Japan is founded upon close-knit ties and general human qualities, whereas teacher culture in Italy has an academic foundation and is characterised by social consciousness.departmental bulletin pape
The image of husband and wife depicted in the manga “The Full-Time Wife Escapist”
本稿は,海野つなみの漫画『逃げるは恥だが役に立つ』に描かれた夫婦像について考察するものである。家事代行の仕事を通して出会ったみくりと平(ひら)匡(まさ)は,お互いの利益のために「従業員と雇用主」という契約による事実婚の道を選ぶ。最初はビジネスライクな仮面夫婦のふたりだったが,一緒に暮らすうちに恋愛感情が芽生え,ゆっくりと愛情を育んで本物の夫婦になっていく。この作品が結婚をテーマとした他の恋愛漫画と大きく異なるのは,恋人関係になったのちの展開でる。入籍を提案する平匡に対して,みくりは開口一番「家事にお給料は支払われるのでしょうか」と問いかける。従業員として有償で行ってきた家事を妻が行えば無償になるのは納得いかない,というがみくりの言い分だ。最終的にふたりは,家庭の共同経営責任者として共働きの道を選択した。特筆すべきは,みくりと平匡の徹底した「関係調整」である。対等なパートナーとして尊重し合い,大事なものは何かをそのつど考え,合意を目指して丁寧に話し合うことで,ふたりの仲は深まっていくのである。This paper considers the image of husband and wife depicted in Tsunami Umino’s manga “The Full-Time Wife Escapist.” In this manga, Mikuri and Hiramasa, who met through Mikuri’s job with a housekeeping service, decide that it would be mutually beneficial to enter into a de facto marriage through an employment contract. While at first the pair only went through the motions of being husband and wife in a businesslike manner, as they live together over time they gradually fall in love and become a true married couple. This work chiefly differs from other love-story manga on the theme of marriage in the developments it describes after the two fall in love. The first thing Mikuri says when Hiramasa proposes marriage is, “You’ll pay me for housework, right?” Here Mikuri shows that she is unwilling to do for free, as a wife, the housework that she had been paid to do as an employee. Ultimately, the pair chooses a path in which both spouses work, while sharing responsibility for managing the home. It should be noted that this is a through adjustment of the relationship between Mikuri and Hiramasa. The ties between the two grow deeper as they come to respect each other as equal partners, think about what truly is important, and discuss things thoroughly, seeking consensus.departmental bulletin pape
Development of Data Science Education Materials for Data-Informed Learning
データサイエンス教育において,データ分析の過程で直面する課題や結果の解釈・活用について十分に理解し学べる教材の開発が求められている。本研究では,オーセンティックな学びを促進するデータインフォームド型データサイエンス教育教材を提案する。教材はデータに基づく問題解決のプロセスを重視し,受講生がデータと共に思考する能力を養うことを目的とする。特に,プログラミング苦手意識が高い文系学生に対して,ノンプログラミング環境でのデータアナリティクスやインタラクティブなビジュアライゼーションコンテンツで学習することが必須である。In data science education, there is a need to develop teaching materials that provide students with a thorough understanding of the challenges that arise in the data analysis process, as well as the interpretation and utilization of results. In this study, we propose a data-informed data science education teaching material. The teaching material emphasizes the process of problem-solving based on data, with the aim of cultivating students' ability to think with data. In particular, it is possible for students with a high sense of programming difficulty, such as students in the humanities, to learn data analytics in a non-programming environment and interactive visualization content.departmental bulletin pape
Proposal on development of indicators for quality assurance of on-demand styles of instructions
本研究では、オンデマンド型授業の設計・運営の質を保証するための指標を提案する。提案する指標は、10,000以上のオンラインコースを提供するCalifornia Virtual Collegeで教員向けに提供されているクラスデザイン・ルーブリックを参考に、教育方法学の観点から日本の大学でも利用可能なスタイルに修正したものである。この指標を2022年度に実施したオンデマンド型授業の事後評価に適用し、授業設計や学習環境の評価、授業改善計画の策定手順を検証した。検証の結果、本指標が授業の問題点やマイナス要素を指摘し、改善を促すことが確認できた。このことは、オンデマンド型授業での改善のみならず、あらゆる形態の授業の設計そのものの再確認と改善にも有効であることを示唆している。また、今回の検証結果を踏まえ、指標の活用をより簡便にするための改善点を検討した。This study proposes indicators to assure the quality of on-demand course design and management. The proposed indicators were adapted from the Class Design Rubric provided for faculty members at California Virtual College, which offers more than 10,000 online courses, and modified into a style that can be used at universities in Japan from the perspective of educational methodology. This indicator was applied to the post-evaluation of on-demand courses conducted in 2022, and the procedures for evaluating class design and learning environment and developing class improvement plans were verified. The results of this verification confirmed that the indicator was able to point out problems and negative elements in the classes and encourage improvement. The implication of this is that it is effective not only in improving on-demand classes, but also in reconfirming and improving the class design itself. Based on the results of this verification, we discussed points for improvement of the indicator to further simplify the use of the indicator.departmental bulletin pape
An introduction to future design: methodology and possibilities
本稿の目的は、近年社会科学で注目されている、将来社会設計の方法としてのフューチャーデザインの特色を検討することである。フューチャーデザインという方法は、西條辰義(京都先端科学大学特任教授、専門は経済学)および原圭史郎(大阪大学教授、専門は都市工学)によって開発されたものであり、すでに地方自治体の政策形成の場で有効に使われている。しかしフューチャーデザインついては、多くの研究者にまだ十分に知られていないので、まずその方法を紹介する。その上で、その方法の特色と可能性について考察することにする。The purpose of this paper is to examine the features of future design as a method of designing future society, which has been attracting attention in social science in recent years. The method of future design was developed by Tatsuyoshi Saijo (specially appointed professor at Kyoto University of Advanced Science, specializing in economics) and Keishiro Hara (professor at Osaka University, specializing in urban engineering), and has already been effectively used in the policy making of local governments. However, since this method has been not well known to many researchers, I will first introduce its method. Then, I will discuss the features and possibilities of the method.departmental bulletin pape
Improvements in Instruction for Acquiring Questioning Skills at the Teacher Training Stage
本稿は,担当する教科教育に関する科目(「初等算数科教育法」「道徳教育の指導法」)での,学生の発問・発話技能向上に関する指導における実践の報告である。発問・発話の技能,特に児童の発言に即して発問の種類を変えながら思考を焦点化させる技術は,教科によらず模擬授業等を通して学生に習熟させておきたいところである。昨年度までの実践で模擬授業のために学生が作成した発問・発話計画には,「児童の深い考えを引き出す発問(How,Why)がそもそも用意されていない。」「発問が少なく,教師の指示・説明を中心にした展開になっている。」「子供の発言に対して,復唱や受容的な発話がほとんど設定されていない。」といった課題があった。本年度は,①発問構成の手順を図で示しながら具体的に説明する。②実際の授業動画を繰り返し参照しながら発問・発話の意味やその技術を解説する。③発問・発話計画のチェックリストを作成し点検しながら修正を促す。という3点を改善点として授業を実施した。春学期科目である「初等算数科教育法」においては,学生の発問・発話計画に昨年度と同様の課題が見出されたが,秋学期の「道徳教育の指導法」においては,返し発問(Why,How)の数が増加しており,発問・発話構成を意識して,その質を変化させ子どもの思考を深める展開をしっかり想定できているものが増加した。This paper is a report on my practice in teaching students to improve their questioning and speaking skills in the subject education subjects I am in charge of (``Elementary Mathematics Education Methods'' and ``Moral Education Teaching Methods''). Regardless of the subject, it is important for students to master the skill of questioning and speaking, especially the skill of focusing their thinking while changing the type of questions asked according to what the child is saying, through mock classes. Questions and speech plans created by students for mock lessons up until last year included comments such as ``questions that elicit students' deep thinking (how and why)'' and ``there were few questions asked, and the teacher's instructions were not included.'' There were issues such as, ``The program focuses on explanations,'' and ``There are almost no repeats or receptive utterances in response to the child's statements.'' This year, we will explain in detail the steps for (1) question structure using diagrams. ② Explain the meaning of questions and utterances and their techniques while repeatedly referring to actual class videos. ③Create a checklist of questions and speech plans and encourage them to make revisions while checking it. The class was conducted with these three points as points for improvement. In the spring semester subject "Elementary Arithmetic Teaching Methods," similar issues were found in students' questions and utterance plans as last year, but in the fall semester "Teaching Methods for Moral Education," there were problems with return questions ( The number of questions (Why, How) has increased, and the number of questions that are conscious of the questions and structure of the utterances, changing their quality, and clearly envisioning developments that will deepen children's thinking has increased.departmental bulletin pape
A Case Study on the Effect of Helping Behavior on Children's Helping Self-Efficacy in Passover Demon Game
本研究の目的は,すり抜け鬼遊び(タッチいやゴー)における援助行動が日常における児童の援助自己効力感に及ぼす影響について明らかにすることであった。調査の結果,援助自己効力感は,授業実施後の平均得点が有意に高かった(t=2.671 p<.05)。援助行動総数は,授業の単元経過に伴って増加の傾向を示した。援助行動に対する児童の認識は,技術課題と切り離された表現から,おとりを経て,相手の分析を踏まえた自分たちの作戦に関する記述へと変化していることが認められた。以上のことから,本事例の援助自己効力感は,援助行動数の増加や戦術的援助行動に対する認識の高まりを伴って向上している可能性が示唆された。The purpose of this study was to clarify the influence of helping behavior during "Touch iya Go" games on children's self-efficacy for helping in everyday life. As a result of the survey, the average score for helping self-efficacy after the lesson was significantly higher (t=2.671 p<.05). The total number of helping behaviors showed an increasing tendency as the units of the lesson progressed. It was observed that the children's perception of assistance behavior was changing from expressions that were separated from technical issues, through decoys, to descriptions of their own strategies based on the analysis of the other person. The above suggests that helping self-efficacy in this case may have improved as the number of helping actions increased and awareness of tactical helping actions increased.departmental bulletin pape
「権威的知識」と言語の継承注1 ―客家語の事例―
台湾では、2001年度から全小中学校において、閩南語、客家語、原住民諸語などの「郷土言語教育」が必修科目となった。また、それに伴い、教育部が「郷土言語」教師の養成カリキュラムを実施したり、資格検定試験を実施して、その合格者に「郷土言語」の授業を担当させたり、といった施策を取るようになった。本稿では客家語を対象として取り上げ、筆者の観察やインタビューをもとに、政府が主導する郷土言語教育の中で、文化人類学で言うところの「権威的知識」と非常に似た現象がみられることを示す。In Taiwan, "local language education" such as southern Min, Hakka, and aboriginal languages became a compulsory subject in all elementary and junior high schools in 2001. In conjunction with this change, the Ministry of Education began to take measures such as training "local language" teachers and conducting certification examinations, and assigning those who passed the examinations to teach "local language" classes. This paper focuses on Hakka, and based on the author's observations and interviews, shows that a phenomenon very similar to what is called "Authoritative Knowledge" in anthropology can be observed in government-sponsored local language education.departmental bulletin pape
Analysis of increasing trends in precipitation in western Japan region
It is said that as temperatures continue to rise, the amount of water evaporation increases and the amount of precipitation increases. The Japan Meteorological Agency publishes observation data on its website, making past analysis relatively easy. Using this, we statistically analyzed the amount of precipitation in the western Japan region west of Tokyo, which is said to have a relatively high amount of precipitation.As a result, no increasing trend in precipitation was observed.departmental bulletin pape